Cov txheej txheem:

Cov khawv koob ntawm cov neeg German thaum ub
Cov khawv koob ntawm cov neeg German thaum ub

Video: Cov khawv koob ntawm cov neeg German thaum ub

Video: Cov khawv koob ntawm cov neeg German thaum ub
Video: dab neeg 1194 3 kwv tij cov khawv koob dab EP#12 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Cov kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg German thaum ub, uas tsim nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm insular thiab continental Europe, pib hais los ntawm Greeks nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 1 BC.

Cov neeg German thaum ub tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb lub koom haum kab lis kev cai: cov neeg German sab qaum teb, uas nyob hauv Scandinavia; sab hnub poob, kis thoob plaws lub teb chaws Yelemees sab hnub poob los ntawm Elbe thiab Odra; thiab sab hnub tuaj, nkag rau hauv thaj chaw nruab nrab ntawm Vistula thiab Oder hauv 600-300 BC. e., uas coj ib feem ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm lawv cov sab qaum teb counterparts, tab sis tsis tsim ib tug sib npaug zos mythology.

Kev ntseeg kev ntseeg ntawm East Germans tau piav qhia, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, los ntawm Roman thiab cov kws tshawb fawb Christian thaum ntxov.

Daim ntawv qhia txog kev sib haum xeeb ntawm pawg neeg German mus rau 1st c
Daim ntawv qhia txog kev sib haum xeeb ntawm pawg neeg German mus rau 1st c

Totemism

Totemism yog ib hom kev ntseeg qub. Ntau pawg neeg German thaum ub tau tsim cov dab neeg hais txog keeb kwm ntawm ib hom los ntawm cov tsiaj dawb huv. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, lawv yog Cherusci (los ntawm "heruz" - hluas mos lwj) los yog Eburons (los ntawm "eber" - npua). Tseem muaj cov lus dab neeg hais txog keeb kwm ntawm Merovingian xeem los ntawm dab dej. Cov neeg German thaum ub ntseeg tias tib neeg nqis los ntawm ntoo: txiv neej los ntawm tshauv, thiab cov poj niam los ntawm alder.

Hma thiab raven tau txuam nrog Odin (Wodan ntawm East Germans); Ib tug npua nrog golden bristles yog muab siab rau lub hnub vajtswv Fro, uas, zoo li Helios, caij tsheb kauj vab los ntawm ib tug npua, muab rau tib neeg lub teeb. Muam Fro Freye (Frove), tus vajtswv poj niam uas muab kev xyiv fab, tau mob siab rau miv, uas nws, zoo li nws tus tij laug, siv lub tsheb loj.

Cov khawv koob ntawm cov neeg German thaum ub

Tacitus tau piav qhia hauv nws cov ntawv sau ntau yam kev kho mob thiab kev tiv thaiv khawv koob ntawm East Germans. Piv txwv li, lawv ntseeg nyob rau hauv kho thaj chaw ntawm ntoo thiab tshuaj ntsuab. Hluav taws, raws li cov Germans, yog dawb huv, muaj ob qho tib si kho thiab sab ntsuj plig-huv khoom. Kuj tseem muaj cov txheej txheem kev kho mob - piv txwv li, rub los ntawm lub qhov hauv av.

Lawv xav tias ntshai ntawm sorcerers thiab witches. Cov vajtswv lawv tus kheej, nyob rau hauv qhov kev xav ntawm East Germans, yog cov muaj zog sorcerers.

Kev qhia txog hmoov zoo, uas tau dhau los ua dav, feem ntau ua los ntawm cov poj niam. Cov soothsayers nyiam lub koob meej. Lawv kwv yees lub neej yav tom ntej los ntawm kev ya ntawm cov noog, los ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm nees (feem ntau yog dawb, tsa hauv hav zoov dawb huv). Nws yog qhov nrov los saum ntuj los qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm sab hauv ntawm cov tub rog tuag.

Arminius hais goodbye rau Tusnelda
Arminius hais goodbye rau Tusnelda

Cov Germans sab hnub tuaj muaj kev tsim matriarchy, cov poj niam tau hwm, lawv cov lus qhia tsis raug saib xyuas. Lub txiaj ntsim ntawm divination tau suav hais tias yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus poj niam. Cov sorceresses tau mus rau qhov chaw sib ntaus sib tua, qhov chaw uas lawv tsis tsuas yog hu kom muaj hmoo xwb, tab sis kuj qhia cov me nyuam paub txog kev ua tsov ua rog.

"Raws li zaj dab neeg mus, nws tau tshwm sim ntau dua ib zaug tias lawv cov tub rog uas tau tshee hnyo thiab tsis meej pem tsis tau tso cai rau tawg los ntawm cov poj niam, uas tau thov Vajtswv tsis tu ncua, tawm tsam lawv lub mis liab qab, tsis txhob rau txim rau lawv mus rau kev poob cev qhev, xav txog qhov twg, tsis muaj. Txawm li cas los xij cov tub rog ntshai rau lawv tus kheej, rau cov neeg German tseem tsis txaus ntseeg thaum nws los txog rau lawv cov poj niam, "said Tacitus.

Ntau tus pov thawj ntawm cov neeg German thaum ub tau hnav khaub ncaws poj niam. Hauv qee pawg neeg, lawv muaj txoj cai muaj zog uas lawv tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm rau lawv qhov kev ua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov thawj coj tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm rau kev ua tub rog tsis ua tiav, rau kev sau qoob loo tsis zoo, lossis txawm tias muaj teeb meem hauv lub neej txhua hnub, piv txwv li, thaum dej ntws tawm.

Kev ua tsov ua rog raws li lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv lub neej tau tsim ib txheej txheej ntawm kab lis kev cai nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus cwj pwm. Lawv coj riam phom rau hnub so lossis kev ua koob tsheej. Ib tug tub rog uas poob nws daim thaiv tsis pub mus koom cov rooj sib tham dav dav, txwv tsis pub suav tias yog ib tug txiv neej thiab raug rhuav tshem mus ib txhis. Tom qab poob daim ntaub thaiv, Tacitus sau, tus tub rog feem ntau tua tus kheej.

Muaj kev coj ua ritual nyob rau hnub ua ntej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, piv txwv li, "bardit". Ua ntej kev sib tsoo, ob pab tub rog tau qw ib leeg, sim txiav txim siab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm lub suab. Nyob rau hauv no "kev ua tsov ua rog" nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis tau tsuas yog hu rau tus yeeb ncuab, tab sis tsim abrupt nce thiab txo nyob rau hauv hum li synchronously li sai tau. Rau qhov kev ua koob tsheej no, lawv txawm coj cov ntaub thaiv npog los ze rau ntawm lawv lub qhov ncauj kom lub suab uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm lawv yuav ua suab nrov dua.

Lub cult ntawm ancient Germans

Pawg neeg cults muaj kev txi thiab kev kwv yees ntawm lub siab nyiam ntawm cov vajtswv. Tsis tsuas yog tsiaj txhu raug txi, tab sis kuj tib neeg, vim hais tias pawg neeg uas yeej lub yeej yog doomed rau tag nrho extermination. Txhua yam uas muaj sia nyob uas koom nrog pawg neeg ntawm yeeb ncuab tau muab txi, tsis hais cov neeg laus, lossis menyuam yaus, lossis tsiaj txhu tsis tau dim.

Pob txha crest nrog runic inscription, thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 2nd c
Pob txha crest nrog runic inscription, thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 2nd c

Kev txi kuj tau npaj rau hauv peat bogs, uas cov neeg raug kaw thiab tag nrho cov chaw tshwj xeeb ua riam phom, armor thiab lwm yam tau poob dej. Lub qhov ntxa loj txij li xyoo pua AD tau pom nyob hauv Denmark. BC e., qhov twg muaj tsawg kawg yog 200 tus neeg.

Cov neeg German sab hnub tuaj tsis tau tsim cov tuam tsev tshwj xeeb, lawv ntseeg hais tias "qhov loj ntawm lub xilethi-aus tsis tso cai rau lawv nyob hauv cov phab ntsa," yog li ntawd cov ntoo dawb ceev yog qhov chaw rau feem ntau ntawm cov kab ke. Txhua pawg neeg yeej muaj xws li ib tsob ntoo. Shrines, dluab ntawm pob zeb thiab lwm yam khoom occult tau khaws cia rau ntawd.

Pom zoo: