GUSLI - LUB TSWV YIM ZOO TSHAJ PLAWS RUSSIA

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg kawm, hnov lo lus "gusli", yuav nco ntsoov tsuas yog lub Novgorod Sadko, los yog hma los ntawm "Zoo, tos!". Tab sis qhov cuab yeej zoo kawg no yog laus dua niaj hnub Russia, thiab tau dhau los ntawm keeb kwm nyuaj thiab nyuaj nrog nws.

Lub balalaika feem ntau hu ua lub cim ntawm Russia, tab sis keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab gusli yog ntau dua. Yog hais tias txhua qhov chaw tam sim no hu ua "Andreevskaya", daim duab peb sab balalaika kis tau nyob rau hauv Russia tsuas yog thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tom qab ntawd thawj cov lus hais txog cov suab paj nruag, nrog rau cov Slavs thaum ub, muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv Greek ntawm lub xyoo pua thib rau. Tab sis cov gusli lawv tus kheej yog cov laus dua: hauv tebchaws Greece thaum ub, qhov cuab yeej no hu ua kifara, lossis psalter, thiab nws tau siv ntau zaus hauv kev pabcuam los saum ntuj. Los ntawm txoj kev, phau ntawv "Psalter" yog hu ua li ntawd vim hais tias cov lus qhuab qhia dawb ceev tau ua nrog rau "psalteries", uas yog, lub ancient gusli. Daim ntawv yooj yim thiab siv tau zoo ntawm ghusli tau txais kev lees paub ntawm ntau haiv neeg thiab tau sawv qhov kev sim rau ntau pua xyoo.

Kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub faib cov gusli raws li "psaltery-zoo li fretless stringed plucked ntsuas", thiab muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm lawv. Yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws hauv Eurasia muaj nws tus kheej gusli - Finns muaj kantele no, Iranians thiab Turks muaj lub ntees, cov Germans muaj zither, thiab Suav muaj guqin.

Tag nrho cov lus no yog los ntawm lo lus "buzz", "goose", thiab nws "ha-ha-ha". Thiab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus, thiab nyob rau hauv Sanskrit - "gu" txhais tau tias rau suab. Tsis muaj nuv - tsis muaj suab, tsis muaj buzz, uas yog, tsis muaj suab.

Tab sis dua li qhov no, lo lus "gu" hauv Sanskrit kuj txhais tau tias mus, txav mus. Cia peb nco ntsoov lo lus Lavxias taug kev. Peb taug kev hnub so, peb taug kev tshoob, uas yog, peb ob leeg suab thiab txav mus. Nyob rau hauv ancient Lavxias teb sab pej xeem kev lig kev cai, dluab ntawm waterfowl kuj ua ib tug tshwj xeeb lub luag hauj lwm. Feem ntau nws yog goose, swan, duck uas sawv cev rau lub sphere ntawm lub dawb huv, nyob rau hauv lub ritual nkauj ntawm lub voj voog ntawm lub voj voog. Thiab nyob rau hauv tib cov nkauj ritual no, nws yog Gusli uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm dubbing cov ntawv dawb ceev.

Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm harp?

Hauv Is Taws Nem koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau yooj yim cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv lub suab zoo kawg nkaus, uas tuaj yeem kho tau los ntawm cov kab mob. Peb tsis lees yuav txiav txim li cas esoteric versions ntawm lub suab dawb ceev ntawm ghusli yog ze rau qhov tseeb; Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntsuas no tau siv niaj hnub no hauv kev kho suab paj nruag. Qhov peculiarity ntawm gusli yog tias nws yooj yim heev los pib ua si ntawm lawv, thiab tshem tawm cov suab nrov, txawm tias koj tsis muaj kev paub dhau los. Tsis yog tsuas yog lub npe nrov Sadko, tab sis txhua tus epic hero paub yuav ua li cas ua si lawv. Nws tau suav hais tias yog ib qho txuj ci tsim nyog thiab tsim nyog rau tus tub rog tiag tiag.

Ntawm cov epic guslars yog Dobrynya Nikitich, Stavr Godinovich, Alyosha Popovich, Dunai Ivanovich, Churilo Plenkovich, Solovey Budimirovich, thiab ntawm chav kawm, Sadko-guslar, uas, ua ntej los ua ib pab tub rog thawj coj- naval commander, yog ib tug kws ntaus nkauj. Ntawm chav kawm, lub gusli tau ntseeg tau thiab tsis tu ncua cov phooj ywg ntawm buffoons, lawv tau koom rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub ntawm ob leeg nom tswv thiab cov tib neeg. Lub gusli muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lub tsev teev ntuj: ntawm ib sab, qhov no yog tib lub cuab yeej uas tau officially sounded ntawm divine cov kev pab cuam, thiab lub rooj loj loj gusli, vim hais tias ntawm cov txiv plig txoj kev hlub rau lawv, twb txawm nrov hu ua "tus pov thawj" los ntawm. cov neeg. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov lus qhia ntawm pawg ntseeg txwv tsis pub thiab rhuav tshem cov gusli paub.

Piv txwv li, tus xibhwb ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, Kirill Turovsky, hem nrog kev tuag throes cov "leej twg bewitched, hums nyob rau hauv lub harp, qhia fairy tales." Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th missal, ntawm cov lus nug hauv kev lees txim, muaj cov hauv qab no: "Yasis puas tau hu nkauj dab? tus Yasi tsis ua harp?” Thiab Abbot Pamphil tau cem cov Pskovites rau qhov tseeb tias "thaum hmo ntuj Kupala lawv ua si tambourines thiab snuffled thiab hummed nrog hlua."

Los ntawm txoj kev, ntau tus neeg xav tias cov dab neeg tau ua epics rau harp, tab sis kev tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau pom qhov kev lees paub ntawm qhov no. Tab sis nws tau raug pov thawj tias lawv seev cev rau lawv, hu nkauj thiab ditties, thiab hais tias lub suab nrov goose feem ntau nrog cov rituals. Cov duab ntawm tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag guslar hauv cov dab neeg thiab cov ntawv nyeem yog nplua nuj thiab tsis meej pem. Nws tuaj yeem lom zem rau tib neeg, lossis nws tuaj yeem ua tus saib xyuas kev paub zais cia thiab ua rau nws tus kheej ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib txuas lus nrog lwm lub ntiaj teb.