STALIN thiab CYBERNETICS - keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm advanced Soviet computers
STALIN thiab CYBERNETICS - keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm advanced Soviet computers

Video: STALIN thiab CYBERNETICS - keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm advanced Soviet computers

Video: STALIN thiab CYBERNETICS - keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm advanced Soviet computers
Video: Russia communist chief rebukes Putin comments 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Nws tuaj yeem yog chav tswj hwm - thaj av uas neeg nyob, thiab lub nkoj. Raws li Plato, lub nkoj tsim thiab nruab tsuas yog ib qho khoom, tab sis lub nkoj nrog cov neeg coob twb "hibernation", uas yuav tsum tau tswj los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij - "cybernet". Helmsman, yog nyob rau hauv Russia.

Los ntawm txoj kev, Russified lo lus "tus thawj tswj hwm", "lub xeev", "tus kws qhia" - muaj tib lub hauv paus. Raws li yog tsoomfwv Askiv - tsoomfwv.

Los ntawm qhov kev xav no, Stalin yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws cybernet - hauv Platonic formulation. Vim hais tias txawm nyob rau hauv cov hnub ntawd, muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm Plato thiab Aristotle txog lub hom phiaj ntawm tsoom fwv: Aristotle ntseeg hais tias lub xeev txoj kev tswj hwm yuav tsum tau raws li txoj cai, Plato txiav txim siab zoo tswj raws li cov kev txiav txim ntawm lub cybernet (tus kav). Ob txoj kev xav thiab kev paub dhau los tau pom, qhov xwm txheej, tias txoj hauv kev Platonic tau zoo dua.

Stalin, raws li ib tug encyclopedically educated neeg, kawm Plato cov hauj lwm, tsim cov kev tswj raws li cybernetic, yog li cov lus hais txog "Stalin kev tsim txom ntawm cybernetics" yog tsis raug, thiab ntawm no yog vim li cas.

Academician Glushkov, tus kws tshawb fawb ci ntsa iab, lej, tus kws tshaj lij, tau txhais cybernetics raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kev cai dav dav, cov ntsiab lus thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tswj cov txheej txheem nyuaj, thaum lub khoos phis tawj tau txhais ua lub ntsiab lus ntawm cybernetics. Cia peb nyob ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm Glushkov. Cia kuv nco ntsoov koj tias MIR tsev neeg ntawm cov khoos phis tawj uas nws tsim tau nees nkaum xyoo ua ntej cov neeg Asmeskas - cov no yog cov qauv ntawm tus kheej lub computer.

Xyoo 1967, IBM tau yuav MIR-1 ntawm kev nthuav qhia hauv London: IBM tau muaj qhov tseem ceeb tsis sib haum xeeb nrog cov neeg sib tw, thiab lub tshuab tau yuav los ua pov thawj tias lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem microprogramming, patented los ntawm cov neeg sib tw hauv xyoo 1963, tau ntev paub Lavxias thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau lawm tsheb. Tab sis cia saib lwm 20 xyoo dhau los yav dhau los ua ntej qhov kev nthuav qhia no.

Ntawm 51 Leninsky Prospekt hauv Moscow, koj tuaj yeem pom Stalinist "palace of science" rau hauv cov ntoo ntsuab - lub tsev loj loj nrog txhua kab ntawm lub ntsej muag. Nov yog S. A. Lebedev. Nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1948 los tsim cov khoos phis tawj hluav taws xob - lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cybernetics, raws li Glushkov lub ntsiab lus.

Tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum ntawm lej thiab, ib txhij, tus lwm thawj ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub Ukrainian SSR, Lavrentyev tau sau ib tsab ntawv mus rau Comrade Stalin hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau kom ceev kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub computer technology, hais txog lub zeem muag ntawm kev siv computers.. Stalin, uas yog tus paub zoo nyob rau hauv kev cog lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb, reacted tam sim ntawd: nyob rau hauv nws kev txiav txim, lub koom haum no, ITMVT, tau tsim thiab tib Lavrentiev raug xaiv nws tus thawj coj.

Qhov no yog li cas cov cadres raug tsim. Xws li yog "kev nrhiav ntawm cybernetics." Tab sis lub teb chaws tseem tsis tau rov qab los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog nyuaj tshaj plaws, uas tau xaus tsuas yog peb xyoos dhau los … Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo 48, nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm tus kws kho mob ntawm lub cev thiab lej Sciences Sergei Alekseevich Lebedev nyob rau hauv Kiev, ua hauj lwm pib nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm ib tug. me me hluav taws xob suav tshuab, lossis MESM.

Thaum kawg ntawm 48, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Zog muaj npe tom qab Krzhizhanovsky Brook thiab Rameev tau txais ib tug inventor daim ntawv pov thawj nyob rau hauv lub computer nrog ib tug ntau lub tsheb npav, thiab nyob rau hauv 50-51 lawv tsim nws. Lub tshuab no yog thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb siv semiconductor diodes siv lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum. Thaum pib ntawm 1949, SKB-245 thiab NII Schetmash tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm SAM cog hauv Moscow. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 50s, ib lub chaw soj nstuam ntawm lub tshuab thiab kev suav lej tau tsim nyob rau hauv Alma-Ata.

Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias, qhov tseeb, Stalin tau ua ntau yam ntxiv rau kev txhim kho cybernetics - ntau tau muab cais tawm, ntau tsis nco qab ntau xyoo thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm "pob zeb" Khrushchev, tab sis txawm tias los ntawm cov khoom tawg no tuaj yeem nkag siab. tias ib txoj haujlwm muaj zog cybernetic tau pib, suav nrog ntau lub tebchaws thiab cov tsev kawm tshawb fawb.

Thiab qhov no tsuas yog hais txog cov khoos phis tawj digital - thiab qhov tseeb ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab analog tau pib txawm tias ua ntej ua tsov rog, thiab xyoo 1945 thawj lub tshuab analog hauv USSR twb ua haujlwm lawm. Ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm high-speed triggers - lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov computers - pib. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov teeb meem no tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1918 los ntawm Soviet kws tshawb fawb Bonch-Bruevich. Ib yam nkaus li Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich, uas yog tus thawj coj ntawm kev tsim, tsim los ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm V. I. Lenin Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory (NRL).

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