Koj tsis tau paub tseeb txog VIKINGS! 10 qhov tseeb tsis xis nyob txog Scandinavian pirates

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Ntau tus neeg xav tias Vikings yog haiv neeg. Qhov tseeb, Vikings yog ib yam ntawm kev sib koom ua tub rog, uas nyob rau ib lub sijhawm nthuav dav lawv cov khoom. Peb tau hais tias Vikings tau nyob rau ntawm lub ncov ntawm lawv lub hwj chim, kwv yees li ntawm 9th - 11th centuries, tab sis cov hnub no tseem yuav tsum tau ua pov thawj qee yam.

Ntau tus neeg xav tias Vikings yog haiv neeg. Qhov tseeb, Vikings yog ib yam ntawm kev sib koom ua tub rog, uas nyob rau ib lub sijhawm nthuav dav lawv cov khoom. Peb tau hais tias Vikings tau nyob rau ntawm lub ncov ntawm lawv lub hwj chim, kwv yees li ntawm 9th - 11th centuries, tab sis cov hnub no tseem yuav tsum tau ua pov thawj qee yam. Kuj tseem muaj kev xav tsis zoo txog haiv neeg ntawm Vikings - supposedly lawv tsuas yog Scandinavians - Swedes, Danes, Norwegians, Estonians, thiab hais txog. Qhov tseeb, Baltic Slavs (lawv kuj yog Vendians ntawm Icelandic sagas) kuj tau koom nrog Viking zog. Cov neeg Western Slavic, Ruyans thiab Vagrs, uas yog, Varangians, tau ua nto moo ntawm Vikings rau lawv cov kev tawm tsam rau hauv Scandinavia thiab Denmark liam nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau raug khaws cia, suav nrog hauv cov dab neeg (piv txwv li, hauv "Saga of Magnus the dig muag thiab Harald Gilly"). Tej zaum tus kws sau keeb kwm medieval Mavro Orbini, uas peb twb tau tham txog, nyob rau hauv Slavic conquests ntawm cov teb chaws Europe txhais tau hais tias kev tawm tsam ntawm Vikings.

Hauv lwm lo lus, Viking thiab Varangian yog ib qho thiab tib yam. Uas, los ntawm txoj kev, yog pov thawj los ntawm lub zog zoo sib xws ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm thawj Varangian kav ntawm Russia - Rurik, Sineus, Truvor thiab lawv pab tub rog - nrog rau cov kab lis kev cai ntawm lub Upper strata ntawm lub Viking haiv neeg. Thiab, los ntawm txoj kev, Franks hu tag nrho cov "sab qaum teb" li Normans, suav nrog Slavs, Finns, thiab lwm yam, thiab tsis yog Scandinavians xwb.

Horned kaus mom hlau yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj plaws ntawm Vikings.

Qhov tseeb, horned kaus mom hlau muaj nyob, tab sis tsis yog ntawm Vikings, tab sis ntawm Celts. Qee lub sij hawm ua ntej Viking qhia txog cov tub rog hauv cov kaus mom hlau. Tab sis cov kaus mom hlau zoo li no yog ib leeg thiab kev ua koob tsheej, lawv tau hnav los ntawm cov pov thawj. Raws li rau Vikings, muaj coob tus neeg faus neeg los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau paub. Thiab tsis muaj ib rooj plaub uas nrhiav tau lub kaus mom hlau zoo li no. Lawv tag nrho puag ncig, tsis muaj horns. Ua piv txwv, xav txog kev tsim kho lub kaus mom hlau los ntawm Sutton Hoo. Tab sis qhov no yog lub kaus mom hlau muaj koob muaj npe. Ordinary Vikings hnav cov kaus mom yooj yim dua lossis cov kaus mom tawv tawv tawv. Muaj tseeb, txhua qhov no tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev piav qhia Vikings nrog cov yam ntxwv horned bowlers. Tsis tas li ntawd, keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb tau lees tias cov Vikings qee zaum siv Asian npib thiab khoom siv nrog cov ntawv sau Arabic Muslim. Tab sis lo lus nug no, ntawm chav kawm, yog ntau ntxiv txog kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub official chronology.

Thiab ntawm no yog lwm yam. Thaum nyob rau hauv 2000 tus legendary Norwegian explorer thiab neeg mus ncig tebchaws Thor Heyerdahl pib ib tug ntoj ke mus kawm rau lub Lavxias teb sab nroog ntawm Azov, nws ua rau muaj kev npau taws ntawm cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm Western keeb kwm paradigm. Tseeb, lub hom phiaj ntawm Heyerdahl lub archaeological ntoj ke mus kawm yog, tsis ntau los yog tsawg, mus nrhiav kev pom zoo ntawm lub hypothesis raws li cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Scandinavians, coj los ntawm Odin, tuaj rau lawv lub teb chaws los ntawm Don steppes.

Lub tswv yim hais tias cov poj koob yawm txwv lub tsev ntawm Scandinavians yuav tsum tau nrhiav raws nraim ntawm no tuaj rau Norwegian nto moo tom qab nws tau paub meej nrog ib qho ntawm Qub Norse Royal Sagas - "The Yngling Saga".

Tom qab kawm txog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cheeb tsam Azov Hiav Txwv, Heyerdahl sau cov hauv qab no: "… Kuv xav tsis thoob thaum kuv paub tias cov pab pawg ntawm Ases thiab Vanans yog cov neeg tiag tiag uas nyob hauv cov chaw no ua ntej peb lub sijhawm!"

Kev ntoj ke mus thoob ntiaj teb, uas kuj suav nrog Heyerdahl tus phooj ywg ntev thiab koom nrog Yuri Senkevich, tau kav 2 lub caij - 2000 thiab 2001, thiab hauv 2002 Thor Heyerdahl tuag. Lub ntoj ke mus ncig nrhiav tau dab tsi? Kwv yees li 35 txhiab cov khoom muaj nqis, ntawm cov uas muaj 3 buckles, uas zoo nkaus li zoo sib xws nrog cov hnav los ntawm Vikings thaum ub. Heyerdahl ntseeg tias qhov tseeb no ib leeg txaus los pib rov sau keeb kwm. Tseeb tiag, raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev pom, txhua yam yog lwm txoj hauv kev - Norman txoj kev xav hais tias nws yog Varangians (uas suav tias yog Scandinavians) uas coj lub xeev rau Russia.

Los ntawm txoj kev, koj puas paub lo lus "viking" txhais li cas?

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb yog txiav los ntawm ntau hom lus, rau qee cov neeg nws txhais tau tias "nkoj rower", rau lwm tus nws txhais tau tias "pirate", rau lwm tus nws txhais tau tias "kev sib tw" lossis "ib tug uas mus rau kev sib tw". Nws yog xav paub tias nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg ntawm lub 13th caug xyoo, yav dhau los ntawm Vikings yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug romantic halo. Nws feem ntau tau piav qhia, piv txwv li, cov neeg laus li cas yws tias thaum lawv hluas lawv "mus rau Viking" (uas yog, ntawm kev ntoj ke mus kawm), tab sis tam sim no lawv tsis muaj zog thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau li ntawd. Hauv Scandinavia, Vikings tau raug hu ua cov txiv neej siab tawv uas tau ua tub rog mus rau txawv teb chaws.