Kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th nyob rau hauv Pskov Chronicle. Qhov tseeb tseeb nyob rau hauv lub official qhov chaw

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Koj puas paub tias Pskov chroniclers, nws hloov tawm, yog lwm txoj kev xaiv? Thiab qhov no yog ntau pua xyoo ua ntej YouTube tshwm sim! Tsis ntseeg nws? Cia peb saib. Yog li, 7 lwm txoj kev pom ntawm Lavxias keeb kwm los ntawm Pskov chroniclers.

Tab sis ua ntej ntawd, pab me ntsis. Lub Pskov Chronicles, luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1837 nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub Society of Lavxias teb sab Keeb kwm thiab Antiquities ntawm Moscow University, los ntawm lub naas ej Lavxias teb sab historian, sau, sau xov xwm thiab publicist Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin. Feem ntau ntawm cov keeb kwm yav dhau los luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm sau ntawv yog muab los ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, archaeographer thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Moscow Main Archive Nikolai Nikolaevich Bantysh-Kamensky.

Tus tshaj tawm Mikhail Pogodin tau sau tseg hauv nws phau ntawv: "Cov npe no tau sau los ntawm kuv cov lus rau lo lus, tsis muaj kev tshem tawm me ntsis thiab tsis ua haujlwm." Lwm qhov hauv kev taw qhia, nws sau tias: "Nws tsis paub thaum twg thawj Pskov chronicle nyob." Los ntawm cov lus hais ua ntej nws tau pom tseeb tias, raws li cov ntseeg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, nws nyob hauv lub xyoo pua 14th, uas yog, cov xwm txheej ntawm Lavxias teb sab qub txeeg qub tes tau sau - thaum ntxov tshaj plaws - nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 14th, thiab qhov tseeb - nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, thiab tau coj mus rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th.

Lub Pskov Chronicles pib zoo li no: "Los ntawm lub 7th Council mus rau lub xeem Council, mus rau kev txhais cov phau ntawv dawb huv los ntawm Greeks mus rau hauv Slovenian lus los ntawm tus HOLY KIRILL THE PHILOSOPHER - txog 77 xyoo … mus rau kev cai raus dej ntawm Lavxias teb sab av, txog 70 xyoo thiab lub caij ntuj sov." Ua ntej, ntawm no peb tsuas yog tham txog kev txhais lus, uas yog, kev txhais lus ntawm cov phau ntawv dawb ceev ntawm Greeks rau hauv lus Slavic. Tsis muaj ib lo lus hais txog kev tsim cov tsiaj ntawv. Qhov thib ob, cov hnub tsis coincide nrog cov nom tswv.

Hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub npe hu ua "thawj daim ntawv teev npe" ntawm Pskov keeb kwm, cov hnub ntawm tib lub sijhawm sib txawv. Qhov no tsis muaj tseeb tshwm sim vim hais tias kev sib tham yog nyob deb-fetched - nyob rau hauv hindsight. Yuav ua li cas nws tau ua, peb qhia hauv video "Antiquity tsis." Thiab feem ntau: Methodius, Cyril tus npoj yaig mus qhov twg? Thiab vim li cas peb thiaj hais tias "Cyrillic" thiab tsis yog "Methodica"? Vim tsis muaj Methodius ua neeg nyob. Feem ntau, Methodius yog lub npe thib ob ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tau hais tseg, muab, piv txwv li, thaum ua kev cai raus dej, lossis ib yam dab tsi zoo li lub npe menyuam yaus, vim lub npe Methodius txhais tau tias "txoj cai", "qhib", uas yog, nws yog lub ntsiab lus rau kev mob siab rau.

Nws hloov tawm tias Horde tau tsim cov thawj coj hauv tebchaws Russia tsis yog ua ntej kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kulikovo, tab sis ntau … ntev dua. Piv txwv li, Vasily II, lub npe hu ua Dark One, tau sib cav ntev nrog Dmitry Shemyaka rau txoj cai los tuav lub zwm txwv. Lub dismantling yog mob thiab ntev. Tab sis cov neeg keeb kwm tsis qhia meej tias ob tus thawj coj tau tuav lub khan loj nrog lawv lub hauv pliaj kom nws txiav txim siab thiab xaiv ib qho los yog lwm qhov. Tab sis qhov no, rau ib tug thib ob - lub xyoo pua 15th, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kulikovo yog ntev lawm. Nyob rau hauv lub Pskov Chronicle, peb nyeem ib tug nkag los ntawm 1431: Tib lub caij ntuj sov, Tub huabtais Great Vasily Vasilyevich mus rau lub Horde mus rau lub Tsar kav rau lub Great nyob rau hauv Russia (uas yog, lub Great Khan yog ib tug tsar, huab tais ntawm Russia.), thiab mus rau qhov Kev Ntseeg ntawm Leej Niam Dawb Huv (tam sim no nws yog Lub Yim Hli 28) nrog ntau yam khoom plig. Thiab tom qab nws tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv Yuri Dmitrievich tau mus rau Horde mus rau Tsar txoj kev kav rau lub hom phiaj ntawm tus loj, thiab ntawm nws txoj kev mus rau Exaltation ntawm Honourable Hla (uas yog, nyob rau hauv ib lub hlis) ntau yam khoom plig tau muab”.

Ob tug princes, thiab ob Great, thiab ob leeg nrog xiab rau huab tais, uas yog, huab tais. Leej twg yuav muab ntau dua. Lub Rau Hli-Lub Xya Hli 1432 tuaj. Thiab peb pom dab tsi? Ob tug huab tais rov qab los ntawm Horde yam tsis tau txais kev mus tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv peb cov vis dis aus txog phau ntawv ntawm Austrian Ambassador Sigismund Herberstein, peb tau hais tias raws li qhov chaw no, tsis yog Tsov rog ntawm Kulikovo los yog sawv ntawm Ugra deprived lub Tatars ntawm ncaj qha nom tswv lub neej ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab xeev, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv. thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, lub chaw nom tswv ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv Horde.

Thiab lub sijhawm ntawm Moscow taug kev ntawm 12 lub hlis qhia peb tias Grand Dukes taug kev ntau txhiab mais mus rau lawv cov Tsar. Rau kev sib piv, ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv qhia schematic hu ua "The Path of Muscovy to Katay", sau los ntawm cov neeg Askiv hauv 1598 (tshaj tawm xyoo 1677). Nws muaj cov lus piav qhia ntxaws txog txoj kev, uas tau cim nrog cov lus: "Muscovites feem ntau ua haujlwm rau 9 lub hlis ntawm txoj kev los ntawm Katay". Puas yog cov thawj coj zoo ntawm Moscow tau taug kev raws txoj kev no mus rau thaj tsam Katay, lossis zoo dua, mus rau lub nroog Khanbalik, mus rau lub tsev hais plaub ntawm lub nroog loj?

Cov lus tseem ceeb tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv Pskov Chronicles tias xyoo 1625, thaum lub sijhawm kav thawj Romanovs, muaj dej nyab loj los ntawm Western thiab Eastern Europe mus rau tim Nkij teb chaws.