Leej twg ua tau St. Petersburg. Tshaj tawm pop misconceptions

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm lub tsheb laij teb los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb ntawm Lub Hnub Nyoog Pob Zeb, dab tsi tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem hloov pauv rau ib khob ntawm npias, puas yog muaj dej nyab thoob ntiaj teb nyob rau xyoo 19th, puas yog qhov tseeb tias liab los ntawm tib neeg, - Alexander Sokolov, tus sau phau ntawv, hais rau Gazeta. Ru science department "Myths txog tib neeg evolution", finalist ntawm lub "Enlightener" puav pheej, editor-in-chief ntawm lub portal "Anthropogenesis. Ru".

"Thiab kuv xav tias cov pyramids yog ancient sarcophagi ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws", "Puas yog Mr. Sokolov muaj pov thawj tias nws nqis los ntawm ib tug poj niam los ntawm Kenya, Africa?" ib yam li ntawd, thiab tsis yog lwm yam? "," Siv tsawg kawg yog Peter: peb tseem tsis paub tias leej twg tsim nws ", "Vim li cas grovel nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov neeg uas twb dag los ntawm official science?" … Kuv coj ntawm random ob peb nqe lus los ntawm cov lus rau kuv tsab xov xwm dhau los "Russia yog qhov chaw yug ntawm lub pyramids" … Kuv zoo siab tias lub ntsiab lus ntawm myths xwb thiab kev xav tsis zoo hauv thaj chaw ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau los tau ua rau muaj cua daj cua dub teb, thiab kuv xav teb cov lus nug kawg ntawm tus nyeem ntawv. Yog tias koj soften lub suab nrov, ces lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus nug boils mus rau hauv qab no: yog vim li cas sau txog pseudoscientific myths xwb? Cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm parascientific theories tsis tuaj yeem yaum tau, tab sis dab tsi yog qhov seem, "ib txwm" cov neeg mob siab rau cov ncauj lus no? Kuv yuav teb. Tau kawg, hloov qhov kev xav ntawm tus neeg mob siab rau tuag yog qhov nyuaj heev. Tab sis raws li "cov tib neeg ib txwm muaj", muaj ntau yam ua tau haujlwm rau cov neeg nyiam ntawm kev tshawb fawb:

kos xim rau qhov teeb meem, kev txaus siab, ua rau koj xav, tshem tawm kev tsis ntseeg, muab cov lus teb rau cov lus nug ntawm kev txhawj xeeb rau tus nyeem ntawv.

Nyob zoo cov neeg nyeem xav tias qhov teeb meem ntawm pseudoscience tsis cuam tshuam nws? Tab sis nws puas yuav pom dab tsi los teb rau nws tus menyuam thaum nws nyob rau ib lub sijhawm zoo hais tias: nws hloov tawm tias cov kws qhia ntawv tau nkaum ntawm peb, thiab cov pyramids tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws.

Zoo nkauj eccentrics - ya saucers, yeti yos hav zoov thiab paranormal lovers - lawv txawv heev. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv txoj kev sib cav muaj qhov sib txawv - kev thuam rau "kev tshawb fawb" thiab rau cov kws tshawb fawb tiag tiag, tsis lees paub lawv txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv no, cov adherents ntawm "lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb" yog ib qho xav tsis thoob zoo li ib leeg - tej zaum lawv tau cloned ncaj qha rau Nibiru? Kev ua kom tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv, cov tub ntxhais hluas, thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas pleev xim rau qhov kev cia siab tshaj plaws rau lub tebchaws. Tab sis - tsawg pathos. Peb qhov kev tshawb fawb lom zem ntawm keeb kwm pseudoscience txuas ntxiv mus.

1. Cov kws tshawb fawb zais qhov pom ntawm cov neeg thaum ub heev, lawv muaj ntau lab xyoo

Qhib ib lub TV tshwj xeeb txhua lub sijhawm ntawm nruab hnub lossis hmo ntuj - thiab koj yuav hnov txog: pob txha pob txha tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm qhov qub qub! Cov neeg yog tim khawv ntawm dinosaurs! Lub ruins ntawm antediluvian kev vam meej tau pom nyob rau ntawm ntug hiav txwv! Cov txheej txheem pseudo-archeological txheej txheem yog qhov hu ua anomalous artifacts, txhua tus yuav tsum tau mob siab rau rau ib tsab xov xwm cais. Ntawm no yog ib phau ntawm "Ica pob zeb" nrog cov duab ntawm Indians caij triceratops, thiab lub zog 400 lab xyoo (rau qee yam, zoo ib yam li petrified hiav txwv lilies), thiab ib tug kub saw nyob rau hauv ib piece ntawm thee, thiab ib tug trilobite crushed los ntawm. ib nkawm khau ntawm 42 loj … Ib qho ntawm cov ntawv sau nrov tshaj plaws ntawm hom no tau muab tso ua ke nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem los ntawm Michael Cremo thiab Richard Thompson, uas tau luam tawm cov sensational phau ntawv Forbidden Archaeology. Nrog rau qhov muaj feem ntau, cov dab neeg hais txog ntau lab xyoo dhau los yog ua raws li cov dab neeg uas tau sau hauv txoj haujlwm zoo no.

Cia peb saib hauv qab cover?

Thaum pib ntawm phau ntawv, cov kws sau ntawv uas tsis yog archaeologists lossis anthropologists qhia tias lawv lub hom phiaj yog kev cai dab qhuas: lub ntsiab lus ntawm Krishna "qub ntiaj teb creationism." Koj tsis xav tias txoj hauv kev no yog qhov kev xaiv tsis zoo rau tus kws tshawb fawb sim ua lub hom phiaj? Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yuav qhia kuv, qhov txawv li cas nws ua rau cov tswv yim twg los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv, qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov tshwm sim! Sau qhov tseeb! Tseeb, phau ntawv muab ib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm ib tug impressive tus naj npawb ntawm "anomalous" pom - artifacts uas yog ancient dhau lawm; cov pob txha qub dhau lawm; ib yam nkaus li qub. Peb yuav tsum them tribute: cov sau phau ntawv siv sij hawm ntau nyob rau hauv lub excavations … nyob rau hauv lub plua plav archives ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv txiav txim siab coj tsis zoo, tab sis kom muaj nuj nqis, yog li tsis muaj kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov pom lawv tus kheej, ntxiv rau lawv cov lus piav qhia luv luv, hauv phau ntawv.

Tsis yog yuav tsum tsis muaj peev xwm, Kuv yuav tsom mus rau ib ntu los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Cremo-Thompson, hu ua "Unusual Human Skeletal Remains." Muaj 21 yam uas txawv txawv nyob rau hauv Tshooj 21: pob txha taub hau, puab tsaig, pob txha taub hau ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub, pom nyob rau hauv sediments hnub nyoog 300 txhiab … 2 lab … los yog txawm 300 lab xyoo! Txawm li cas los xij, thaum soj ntsuam ze dua, cov khoom nthuav tawm tau tshwm sim.

Feem ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb pom muaj hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 19th. Cov kws sau ntawv piav txog daim duab no los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tseem "dawb ntawm dogmas thiab stereotypes."

Lawv hais tias, thaum Darwinism tau kav hauv kev tshawb fawb, lawv tsuas tso tseg nrhiav qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm (lossis txawm pib zais!).

Txawm li cas los xij, nws zoo li kuv tias muaj ib qho kev piav qhia yooj yim dua. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, excavation cov tswv yim yog, muab nws me ntsis, deb ntawm zoo meej; Kev kawm loj ntawm stratigraphy nyuam qhuav pib - lub hnub nyoog txheeb ze ntawm geological pob zeb. Tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sib tham kiag li. Qhov no yog tam sim no txoj hauj lwm ntawm qhov pom, ua ntej nws yuav raug tshem tawm ntawm lub excavation, yog tsau nyob rau hauv peb qhov ntev thiab yog tej zaum plotted rau lub hom phiaj nrog ib tug raug ntawm ib tug centimeter. Txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm archaeologist paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav thiab txawm tias qhov tsis raug me me tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim!

Kuv yuav qhia qhov zais cia. Nrog kuv tus kheej kev koom tes - thaum lub sij hawm excavations nyob rau hauv Transnistria nyob rau hauv 2012 - ib tug rusty ib feem ntawm lub tsheb laij teb tau pom nyob rau hauv tam sim ntawd ib ncig ntawm lub pob zeb axes ntawm lub Neolithic era.

Yog hais tias peb nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb - lub excavations tau ua nyob rau hauv ib tug ua liaj ua teb ua liaj ua teb - nws hloov tawm los ua ib tug zoo kawg nkaus xav rau cov phau ntawv tom ntej los ntawm cov series "Kev phem archaeologists yog nkaum."

Hmoov zoo, cov kws tshaj lij niaj hnub muaj nyob ntawm lawv qhov kev pov tseg tag nrho lub zog ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj - kev paub dhau los. Yog li ntawd, sib npaug cov lus xaus ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb 150 xyoo dhau los thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no zoo li kev kho hniav ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm kev kho hniav niaj hnub.

Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias rau "kev xav paub" tau piav qhia los ntawm Cremo, tsis tuaj yeem muaj lus nug txog qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Cov kev tshawb pom tau ua los ntawm lub sijhawm - cov neeg ua haujlwm, miners, amateurs, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim lawv cov ntsiab lus. Lub hnub nyoog ntawm qhov seem yog txiav txim los ntawm ib qho kev piav qhia luv luv ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom thiab nws qhov "zoo li qub" heev. Tsis ntseeg kuv? Plaub lub ntsiab lus qhia:

Nws paub cov neeg ua haujlwm no tus kheej, tab sis, hmoov tsis, tam sim no nws tsis tuaj yeem rov qab lawv cov npe. Nws tsis tau pom cov pob txha hauv qhov chaw. Nws pom lawv tawm sab nraud lawm.”

“David B. Okey tsis paub tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim rau qhov pom. Tab sis nws muaj peev xwm ua tim khawv tias nws tau tshwm sim, tias cov pob txha yog tib neeg thiab tias lawv nyob rau hauv zoo heev."

"Lub puab tsaig tau yuav los ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv [cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv chaw txua txiag zeb] rau ib lub khob ntawm npias los ntawm ib tus kws muag tshuaj hauv nroog hu ua John Taylor."

"Qhov no yog qhov [tus kws qhia ntawv] Hayes hais tias: "Txawm yog ib tus neeg zoo tib yam, ntau dua lossis tsawg tus neeg kawm ntawv yuav tsis muaj tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm kev tsis ntseeg txog lub hnub nyoog ntawm kev nrhiav, sib xws rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov pob zeb nyob ib puag ncig …"

Qhov kev pom nws tus kheej feem ntau ploj, tawm hauv peb tsis yog duab xwb, tab sis txawm tias kos duab. Tam sim no ib tus tuaj yeem kwv yees txog nws qhov qub txeeg qub teg tsis muaj qhov kawg.

Hauv qee qhov xwm txheej thaum nws muaj peev xwm ua rau hnub tom qab pom los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tshawb fawb ntuj, cov txheej txheem no tau muab rau cov hnub nyoog hluas (piv txwv li, tsis yog 300 txhiab, tab sis 3 txhiab xyoo).

Tab sis cov neeg sau phau ntawv tsis ntseeg txoj kev sib tham - lawv nyiam cov pov thawj, cov kws qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm miner, "sau hauv kev cog lus."

Cov kab hauv qab yog dab tsi? Kuv ntshai ua suab hnyav, tab sis xav paub siv los ua pov thawj ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm noob neej, qhov chaw nyob hauv cov pob tseg archaeological. Qhov twg lawv, qhov tseeb, tau nyob ntev thiab qhov twg tsuas yog cov cim zoo li Michael Cremo tab tom khawb …

Tau sau cov ntawv no, kuv nyob hauv txoj haujlwm tsis muaj zog. Tam sim no tus kws tshaj lij ntawm parascience tsuas tuaj yeem nyeem cov npe ntev ntawm "cov khoom cuav tsis zoo" tsis tau hais los ntawm kuv hauv tsab xov xwm, txhua zaus nug: ua li cas kev tshawb fawb piav qhia?

Tsis ntev los no, ntawm ib qho ntawm peb cov xwm txheej, xws li ib tug debater (uas qhia nws tus kheej li ib tug jeweler) ua li ntawd: nws pib nrog Veles phau ntawv, ces hloov mus rau Shigir mlom, ces dhia mus rau lub Higgs boson, thiab xaus nrog ib tug siab phem:

"Puas muaj leej twg pom tus kab mob AIDS?"

Kev sib tham, qhov tseeb, mob siab rau kev qhia txog biology hauv tsev kawm ntawv, raug tua, cov kws paub tsis meej pem tau so lawv hws, thiab "jeweler", uas tau noj nees nkaum feeb ntawm tag nrho lub sijhawm, zaum txaus ntshai thiab tsis muaj yeej.

Cov phooj ywg, science yog tag nrho ntawm secrets. Cov tiag. Thiab qhov ntawd zoo heev. Cov npe ntawm "cov khoom tsis paub tsis meej" yog cov lus zais ntawm ntau hom, rau cov xovxwm daj. Nrog rau txoj kev xyaum ua los ntawm Cremo thiab K - thaum nws tsis yog kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, tab sis kom muaj nuj nqis, "ncej" - koj tuaj yeem sau ib phau ntawv ntawm 900 nplooj ntawv lossis tua cov koob "Astronauts of Antiquity" hauv 110. ntu, ntim lawv nrog archaeological anecdotes nrog hwj txwv. Thiab ib tus kws sau ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg yuav tsis muaj lub neej txaus los rhuav tshem qhov no. Tab sis yog vim li cas muab nws tag nrho sib nrug? Yog tias ob peb "qhov tseeb" coj los ntawm tus sau los ntawm qhov tsis raug, nws tsim nyog ua raws li pawg neeg xaiv tsa ua thaum tshawb xyuas cov npe xaiv tsa. "Tus neeg sib tw raug tsis lees paub rau npe," thiab tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los yuav tawm mus nrog kev poob siab.

Ib tus kws tshawb fawb qub qub qub, ua ntej qw txog "kev zais ntawm lub xyoo pua", ua ntej nug cov lus nug:

- Qhov twg thiab thaum twg, nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej twg tau nrhiav tau?

- Leej twg thiab yuav ua li cas sau nws txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv situ, nyob rau hauv lub cais?

- Lub ntsiab lus yog dab tsi? Cov cuab yeej dab tsi: cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, ceramics, cov khoom siv roj ntsha, thiab lwm yam. - puas nyob rau hauv cov kab lis kev cai (yog tias muaj)?

- Cov kws tshaj lij dab tsi tau txheeb xyuas qhov kev tshawb pom (yog tias cov no yog tib neeg cov pob txha - uas cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom lawv thiab qhov xaus qhov twg?)

- Cov kev siv dab tsi los txiav txim siab nws lub hnub nyoog tiag? Qhov twg, hauv cov ntawv tshawb fawb dab tsi, koj tuaj yeem paub txog cov txheej txheem ntxaws?

Qee lub sij hawm cov lus teb rau ib qho ntawm cov lus nug no txaus rau qhov "sensation" raug kaw. Rau kev piv txwv, kuv xav kom tus nyeem ntawv daws qhov teeb meem yooj yim nws tus kheej. Ib qho blogger pom zoohais tias cov xuab zeb interlayers pom nyob rau hauv lub excavation site nyob rau hauv Staraya Russa yog ib tug ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no dej nyab uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th. Cov blogger puas tuaj yeem ua tau yog tias hauv qab cov xuab zeb txheej no muaj ib txheej los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj - nrog cov plhaub, cov cartridges, plhaub tawg, craters los ntawm kev tawg, thiab lwm yam?

2. Tsis yog tib neeg nqis los ntawm liab, tab sis apes nqis los ntawm tib neeg los ntawm kev degradation

Nws yooj yim rau kev ntseeg! Tom qab tag nrho, peb tsis pom yuav ua li cas ib tug liab tig mus rau hauv ib tug neeg, thiab saib yuav ua li cas ib tug neeg tig mus rau hauv ib tug liab liab, nws yog txaus mus rau sab nraum thaum yav tsaus ntuj nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm tej lub nroog ntawm Russia.

Tus txhawb nqa ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm degradation nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws yog ib tug tej yam Alexander Belov, uas txaus siab hu nws tus kheej ib tug paleoanthropologist. Belov, piv txwv li, ua pov thawj tias gorilla nqis los ntawm tib neeg - los yog ntau dua, los ntawm cov australopithecines thaum ub loj heev, los yog paranthropes (thiab cov, tig, los ntawm tib neeg). Cov kws tshaj lij luag ntawm qhov kev txhais lus no. Qhov tseeb yog tias gorillas thiab loj australopithecines tau coj los ua ke tsuas yog los ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub puab tsaig thiab cov leeg masticatory. Pom tau tias, Australopithecines loj, zoo li niaj hnub gorillas, noj ntau cov zaub mov tawv tawv - thiab cov zaub mov zoo li no yuav tsum tau chew ntau. Yog li ntawd, ob leeg ntawm lawv muaj lub puab tsaig muaj zog, ib qho zoo nkauj crest ntawm lub pob txha taub hau rau txuas cov nqaij ntshiv, cov hniav loj. Qhov no yog qhov uas qhov zoo sib xws xaus. Kuv yuav tsuas sau ib qho kev nthuav dav: lub paranthropes muaj me me canines thiab incisors nrog loj molars. Thiab yog tias peb saib lub pob txha taub hau ntawm gorilla, dab tsi yog thawj yam uas ua rau peb lub qhov muag? Hefty fangs!

Yuav kom dhau los ua tus gorilla, tus paranthropus yuav tsum tau txais cov khoom zoo li no - thiab tom qab tag nrho, thaum tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv dhau los, cov fangs tsuas yog txo qis.

Tsis tas li ntawd, paranthropes muaj ib qho kev hloov pauv hloov mus rau kev tsim cov cuab yeej, nrog rau yuav luag tib neeg ob txhais ceg, vim lawv taug kev ncaj. Li ntawd, tus tsiaj no yuav tsum ua tus gorilla? Los ntawm txoj kev, tej zaum cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm gorillas paub rau paleontologists - cov no yog choorapithecus, tsuas yog lawv nyob ntev ua ntej lub paranthropes thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau lawv.

Yog hais tias peb saib nyob rau hauv dav dav ntawm lub hypothesis ntawm "degradation ntawm tus txiv neej mus rau hauv ape", ces txhua yam yuav ua kom meej, nws yog tsim nyog los muab cov kev tshawb pom paub rau paleontologists ntawm lub sij hawm axis. Txawm li cas los xij ntawm tib neeg tus cwj pwm peb coj, yog nws lub cev ncaj ncees, txhais tes "ua haujlwm" lossis lub hlwb loj, peb yuav pom ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv, thiab tsis ua rau lwm tus.

10 lab xyoo dhau los, tsuas yog plaub-legged liab nyob hauv Africa. Ob peb lab xyoo tom qab, thaum ntxov Australopithecines tshwm sim - cov tsiaj uas pom tseeb taug kev ncaj, tab sis tseem siv sijhawm ntau hauv cov ntoo. Lawv cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv - gracile australopithecines - ntau dua 3 lab xyoo dhau los, tag nrho cov cim ntawm kev taug kev ncaj ncees twb muaj lawm, los yog "ntawm lawv ko taw." Txawm li cas los xij, txiav txim siab los ntawm cov tes ntev thiab siab tawv, qhov nostalgia rau tsob ntoo lub neej tseem tsis tau ploj mus ntawm lawv lub taub hau liab. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg thaum ub uas hloov lawv, tom qab lwm lab xyoo, cov cim liab nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm txhais tes kiag li ploj mus, lub cev los ua tib neeg.

Txawm li cas los xij, lawv lub hlwb tseem loj hlob thiab loj hlob.

Puas yog lub hlwb? Tau kawg, lub paj hlwb tsis tau khaws cia rau hauv daim fossil, tab sis peb muaj cov kab noj hniav cranial, los ntawm kev ntsuas uas peb tuaj yeem pom cov paj hlwb. Muaj ntau pua ntawm cov pob txha taub hau ntsuas ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv - thiab koj tuaj yeem ua tau saibtus kheej ntawm daim duab, yuav ua li cas tib lub ntim ntawm lub hlwb tau hloov lub sijhawm. Muaj txog 300 cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab. Nws zoo li cas? Kev puas tsuaj lossis kev loj hlob sai? Teb koj tus kheej.

Qhov no tsis txhais hais tias tib neeg evolution yog ib qho yooj yim thiab linear txheej txheem. Peb paub tias txoj kev evolutionary muaj qhov txawv txav, kev tua, thiab qhov kawg tuag. Qee tus tib neeg cov neeg nyob thoob plaws ntiaj teb tau daig hauv kev txhim kho, thiab ib tus neeg, tej zaum, degraded (cov piv txwv canonical yog cov txiv neej dwarf los ntawm Flores Island, crumbling ntawm cov peev txheej tsawg).

Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog qhov sib txawv uas tseem ceeb rau peb, tab sis txoj kev loj.

Undoubtedly, lub ntim ntawm lub paj hlwb tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kos npe no tau pom txaus: lub tswv yim ntawm kev degradation muaj lub hauv paus tseem ceeb heev …

Thiab yog tias peb txav deb ntawm biology thiab coj kab lis kev cai? archaeologists hais li cas? Nws hloov tawm hais tias peb pom raws nraim tib daim duab. Nyob rau hauv qhov ntxov tshaj plaws strata nrog rau thaum ntxov Australopithecines, tsis muaj cov cim ntawm kab lis kev cai; ib sab ntawm Australopithecines lig thiab tib neeg thaum ntxov, cov cuab yeej pebble tshwm sim; Nyob rau hauv cov chaw hluas, archaeologists pom zoo symmetrical axes ("pob zeb axes"), thiab lwm yam. Muaj kev vam meej, tsis degradation.

Summary: Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj rau kev degradation dab neeg yuav yog cov kab ke ntawm cov pob txha, uas yuav ua rau lub hlwb ntsws, kev yooj yim ntawm kab lis kev cai, rov qab mus rau kev ua neej nyob, thiab lwm yam. Cov kab ke no yuav tsum tau ncua ntau lab xyoo dhau los. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm paleontology thiab archaeology qhia qhov txawv.

Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias ib tug neeg xav tshaj tawm nws tus kheej ib tug xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov vajtswv thaum ub, Txoj Cai Lij Choj ntawm Russia tsis txwv qhov no.

3. Petersburg tau tsim los ntawm kev vam meej kev vam meej ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los

Ntawm cov neeg tua rog nrog "kev ua haujlwm keeb kwm", tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev txhoj puab heev yog tsim los ntawm cov tsis yog Mogliks. Cov cim no muaj npe yog li ntawd vim lawv hais tias "tsis tuaj yeem" thaum pom cov qauv lossis cov khoom lag luam, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab hauv ob feeb. Xav txog tias kev paub keeb kwm feem ntau tsis yog nyob rau theem ntawm tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab lossis qis dua, ces cov khoom no tuaj yeem yog ib qho haujlwm ntawm cov kws tsim vaj tsev qub qub, ntau tshaj ib lub tsev rau elegance thiab loj. Cov uas tsis yog glamors piav txog cov neeg nyob deb eras raws li ib tug crooked-handed inept (pom, txiav txim los ntawm lawv tus kheej), thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm "kev cai keeb kwm" raug suav tias yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm qee qhov kev vam meej - neeg txawv teb chaws, tsiaj reptilians, Atlanteans, thiab lwm yam.. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tawg sib tov - "tsis-glitchiness" nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog rau kev tsim kho txoj hauj lwm. Qhov no instills nyob rau hauv lub adept kev ntseeg siab tias nws muaj tej yam kev paub zais cia thiab muaj peev xwm, los ntawm qhov muag, nthuav tawm falsifications nyob rau hauv cov duab thiab cov laus engravings! Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg sau keeb kwm raug nthuav tawm raws li cov neeg tsis paub txog tib neeg txoj kev xav lossis kev sib koom siab phem.

Daim ntawv tsis sib haum xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsis zoo nkauj - "pyramidiots" - peb tau piav qhia hauv tsab xov xwm dhau los. Alas, nemogliks yog ib tsev neeg loj uas suav nrog Fomenkoids thiab cov thwjtim ntawm "lunar conspiracy", thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam subspecies.

Tab sis ua ntej yuav mus, kuv xav kos koj cov xim rau cov yam ntxwv yuam kev ntawm "txhua hnub xav" - ib tug ntxiab rau hauv uas tsis yog-moglik txaus siab ntog. Peb tau siv rau qhov tseeb tias muaj kev paub daws teeb meem rau txhua txoj haujlwm niaj hnub. Cov hniav tuaj yeem txhuam nrog txhuam hniav, lub thawv tuaj yeem qhib nrog lub qhov qhib; laum ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv phab ntsa nrog ib tug puncher. Thiab granite yuav tsum tau txiav nrog lub grinder nrog lub pob zeb diamond disc - txhua lub pob zeb txiav yuav qhia rau koj tias. Peb, cov neeg ntawm lub xyoo pua XXI, nyob rau hauv ib tug xis cocoon ntawm high technologies thiab technical devices. Txawm li cas los xij, tib qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam kev daws teeb meem. Cov neeg ntawm yav dhau los era, uas tsis paub hluav taws xob, hlau thiab txawm lub log, txawm li cas los xij, tau tswj hwm los daws cov teeb meem nyuaj. Lawv daws lawv tus kheej txoj hauv kev, siv yam uas muaj, thiab feem ntau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv.

Yog li, ua ntej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm metallurgy, pob zeb yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov cuab yeej, thiab ntau txhiab xyoo cov neeg qub tau txais kev txawj ntse hauv kev ua thiab siv.

Yog lawm, cov thev naus laus zis tau ua haujlwm tsawg thiab ua haujlwm tau qeeb. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm tshwm sim, tib neeg pib daws cov teeb meem tib yam hauv txoj hauv kev zoo dua, thiab cov kev daws teeb meem qub tau hnov qab. Ntawm chav kawm, tsis yog ib tug niaj hnub builder los yog ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb-txiav rhiav tsis paub dab tsi txog yuav ua li cas cov ancients ua hauj lwm nrog pob zeb. Yog tias koj tsis ntseeg nws, nug ib tus neeg, hais txog kev paub dhau los, tham txog cov thev naus laus zis zais cia ntawm cov neeg qub, ua kom lub ntsej muag ua ntej koj ob lub qhov muag. Ib yam. Qhov qub. Nrog koj txhais tes. Tsis muaj zog? Tau kawg, tsis muaj zog. Lub caij no, Pithecanthropus tau ua qhov pom kev zoo li no. Thiab lawv cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv nyob rau hauv Neolithic tau zoo kawg nkaus polish pob zeb thiab laum. Ntau txhiab lub pob zeb polished nrog qhov yog pov thawj ntawm qhov no.

Cia peb rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Nyob rau hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog cov pyramidiots, lawv feem ntau hais raws li ib qho kev sib cav ntawm cov architectural monuments ntawm St. Petersburg, ua nyob rau hauv lub 18th-19th centuries tsis muaj complex technology, los ntawm phau ntawv ua hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab artisans. Dheev, qhov kev sib cav no tig unmistakably tawm tsam koj. Yog tsis muaj batting lub qhov muag, koj tus nrog sib tw tshaj tawm tias Petersburg tsis tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm Peter I thiab cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe uas hloov nws - thev naus laus zis tsis tso cai! Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, Peter tuaj mus rau lub npaj txhij-ua - lub "megaliths" ntawm Peter sawv ntawm no los ntawm lub sij hawm immemorial, raws li ib tug keeb kwm ntawm lub "civilization ntawm cov vajtswv." Historians dag peb! Raws li cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, 100,500 daim duab, coj tsis ncaj ncees lawm hauv koj lub xov tooj lossis rub tawm hauv Is Taws Nem, poob tawm ntawm koj. "Saib, dab tsi zoo meej seam - nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los ntawm tes." "Koj tsis tuaj yeem ua lub vase zoo li no nrog koj txhais tes - hauv xyoo pua 21st peb tsuas yog ua lub vase ntawm CNC tshuab."

"Kev hnav ntawm marble muaj zog heev ntawm no - qhov no tsuas yog ua tau hauv ib txhiab xyoo."

"Saib seb lub koov tau mus rau hauv av li cas - pes tsawg centuries yuav tsum dhau mus rau lub tsev kom ntau li ntau tau." “Qhov chaw zoo meej! Qhov no tsis yog granite, tab sis geopolymer pob zeb!"

Cas twist! Humanitarians precipitate - tab sis dab tsi koj tuaj yeem sib cav nrog tus kws tshaj lij tus neeg sib tw uas txuas ntxiv nrog lub siab: "Tua kuv zoo li lub pob zeb txiav - koj ua tsis tau nrog koj txhais tes." Nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom pom qhov kev xav zoo li no - cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb!

Lub Bronze Horseman thiab Thunder-stone uas nws sawv (1.5 txhiab tons!), St. Isaac's Cathedral (kem ntawm 114 tons! kem! Nrog koj txhais tes? Ha ha!).

Tab sis:

Rau qee qhov laj thawj, ntau txhiab xyoo megaliths ntawm St. Petersburg tsis pom ib qho kev xav hauv Swedish annals - tab sis cov Swedes sawv ntawm no thiab txawm tsim lub Nyenskans fortress nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th. Nyob rau hauv Swedish daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub Neva delta nyob rau hauv 1643, ob peb lub zos raug cim … thiab tsis muaj lus qhia ntawm colossal vaj tse.

Cov neeg txawv teb chaws - cov neeg tim khawv ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm St. Petersburg - nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog txaus ntshai txoj kev thiab ntoo tsev … Thiab dua lawv shyly nyob ntsiag to txog lub pob zeb giants.

Dab tsi niaj hnub masters sculptors, ua hauj lwm ntawm tes, muaj peev xwm ntawm, yog ib qho yooj yim mus nrhiav tau tawm los ntawm googling ib yam dab tsi zoo li "Master class in stone carving". Lub puab tsaig uas tsis yog glamour poob los ntawm kev xav txog dab tsi tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog lub chisel thiab chisel yog tias txhais caj npab loj tuaj ntawm qhov chaw. Thiab yog tias lub pob zeb zoo polished thiab polished, ces nws ci tsis muaj geopolymer pob zeb.

Kev tsim kho ntawm lub grandiose monuments ntawm St. Petersburg tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug nqus tsev vacuum thiab tshuav ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj. Cia peb ua ib qho piv txwv - Alexander Kem. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th enlightened, twb muaj xovxwm uas tsis las mees xws li ib tug tseem ceeb tshwm sim. Kev nce qib ntawm kev tsim thiab txhim kho lub monument tau them rau hauv St. Petersburg "Northern Bee". Tsis ntseeg cov ntawv xov xwm Lavxias? Qhib Daim Ntawv Sau Npe Txhua Xyoo - London's Annual Chronicle of 1834. Ntawm cov xwm txheej hauv ntiaj teb tseem ceeb ntawm xyoo dhau los, qhov qhib ntawm Alexander Kem yog hais txog.

Lub installation ntawm lub monument los ua ib tug grandiose qhia, uas attracted 10 txhiab neeg. Tau kawg, qee tus ntawm cov neeg no tau qhia lawv cov kev xav hauv cov ntawv, memoirs, memoirs. Tus kws sau paj huam Vasily Zhukovsky tau sau txog "kev yeej ntawm Lub Yim Hli 30, 1834".

Tus kws tshaj lij Fab Kis rau St. Petersburg, Baron P. de Burgoen, uas nyob hauv lub nroog nyob rau xyoo ntawd, qhia txog kev tsim lub monument.

Cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg tau khaws cia ntau ntawm "sau npe", raws li lawv yuav hais tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv - ntawm kev faib nyiaj, tib neeg, khoom siv, khoom noj rau qhov project. Ntau cov duab kos ua los ntawm Montferrand thiab nws cov neeg pab tsim cov cuab yeej siv hauv qhov chaw tsim kho uas tsis tau pom dua: copra, ramps, scaffolding, rollers, capstans. Tag nrho cov theem ntawm qhov project grandiose yog ntes ntawm cov luam tawm thiab canvases ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam.

Tsis ntseeg? Puas yog tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no tau nthuav tawm hauv qhov tob ntawm tsoomfwv Masonic zais cia? Zoo, qhov kev sib cav "cov kws tshawb fawb zais / txhua yam yog cuav" tso qhov kawg rau kev sib tham pseudo-scientific - ntawm no koj tuaj yeem kaw qhov browser qhov rai. Tsis txhob rhuav koj tus nrog sib ntaus, tsis txhob nkim sijhawm rau nws. Thiab qhov kev xav tu siab no ua rau peb mus rau qhov chaw tom ntej.

4. Koj tsis tuaj yeem tso siab rau "cov kws sau keeb kwm". Nws zoo li cas - tsis muaj leej twg paub lawm

Nov yog lwm qhov kev sib tw yeej-yeej rau kev sib tham. Tsis muaj dab tsi los sib cav hauv qhov tseem ceeb - saib rau qhov kev xav ntawm koj tus nrog sib ntaus. Nws sib cav nrog koj tsis yog vim nws paub lub ntsiab lus zoo, tab sis vim nws khib, ntshai poob nws "qhov chaw sov" hauv lub koom haum tshawb fawb, yuav los ntawm lub ntiaj teb tom qab scenes, zombified los ntawm cov tsiaj reptilians, thiab lwm yam. Koj tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej feem ntau cov lus sib cav ntawm qhov kev tsis ncaj ncees, "duped los ntawm nom tswv science" neeg ruam.

Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, historians yog tshwj xeeb yog tsis muaj hmoo. Tom qab tag nrho, "History yog sau los ntawm cov yeej!" (Cov lus qhia yog los ntawm Anton Drexler, tus tsim ntawm National Socialist Party ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, tab sis, pom tseeb, cov lus hais no tau tshwm sim ntev ua ntej nws).

Tab sis qhov tseeb, cov keeb kwm tau txais lawv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm qhov twg? Los ntawm cov annals. Zoo, koj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau li cas tias tus chronicler yog lub hom phiaj? Thiab puas muaj cov hom phiaj chroniclers? Tsis muaj leej twg paub tias nws nyob hauv qhov tseeb li cas, yog li ntawd, tsim cov dab neeg keeb kwm ntawm koj qhov kev txiav txim siab. Txoj kev no yog qhov yooj yim heev rau cov neeg tshaj tawm. Cov pyramids tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg Iyiv, lossis tej zaum los ntawm Atlanteans, lossis tej zaum los ntawm Slavo-Arians - xaiv saj. Hmoov tsis zoo, lub tswv yim no tseem tau hnov los ntawm kev nom kev tswv siab.

Tus neeg nruab nrab feem ntau tsis pom qhov txawv ntawm keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb, kev tshaj tawm xov xwm thiab kev nthuav qhia keeb kwm ntawm haiv neeg hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv phau ntawv.

Tsis xav tsis thoob! Tom qab tag nrho, qhov kawg ntawm qhov tsuas yog ib qho (sib nrug los ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov kab lis kev cai loj) los ntawm ntau lab tus tib neeg kos lawv cov keeb kwm kev paub.

Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws, phau ntawv keeb kwm daws tsis tau tsuas yog kev kawm, tab sis kuj tseem ua haujlwm rau kev kawm. Ntxiv nrog rau kev hloov qee yam kev paub, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kawm hauv tsev kawm yog txhawb kom tus menyuam muaj kev hlub rau lub tebchaws. Obviously, tshwj xeeb yuav tau them rau keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws. Pom tseeb, zaj dab neeg no yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm hauv txoj hauv kev zoo. Cov keeb kwm tiag tiag tsis nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv phau ntawv kawm (txawm tias phau ntawv kawm tsim nyog yog qhov chaw zoo pib). Dab neeg tiag nyob qhov twg? Tsis yog hauv TV yeeb yam nrog cov npe ntxim nyiam. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib txwm scientific ntaub ntawv, nyob rau hauv tiag scientific rooj sab laj, nyob rau hauv archaeological expeditions. Zoo li txhua yam kev tshawb fawb! Thiab zoo li txhua yam kev paub txog kev tshawb fawb, keeb kwm kev paub yog qhov nyuaj thiab siv sijhawm ntev. Koj puas xav tau cov lus teb yooj yim thiab ceev? Qab lawv - hauv blogs thiab hauv TV.

Qhov teeb meem ntawm keeb kwm yog nyob rau hauv qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Natural sciences cuam tshuam nrog kev sim ntsuas qhov tseeb. Tab sis cov phenomena uas historians kawm twb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm thiab, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, tsis muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua. Daim duab ntawm yav dhau los tuaj yeem rov qab los ntawm nws cov suab nrov - cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm.

Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog sau: keeb kwm, keeb kwm, inscriptions, memoirs, memoirs, ntawv - los ntawm cov fragments no historian sau nws puzzle.

Txawm li cas los xij, keeb kwm yog deb ntawm tib txoj kev tshawb fawb txog yav dhau los. Paleontology, geology thiab astronomy piav txog cov txheej txheem uas tau tshwm sim ntau lab, yog tias tsis yog billions xyoo dhau los. Yog lawm, cov khoom ntawm kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm yog qhov tshwj xeeb, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm tsis nthuav tawm nws txoj kev lawv xav tau, tab sis raws li txhua txoj cai ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Tus kws tshaj lij nkag siab tias, feem ntau yuav, cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg tau sib xyaw nrog cov ntawv tseeb hauv qhov chaw. Cov kos duab ntawm keeb kwm yog sib cais los ntawm ib leeg. Cov hom phiaj no tau txais kev pabcuam los ntawm kev qhuab qhia kev tshawb fawb cais - qhov kev tshawb fawb. Kev kuaj xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau poob rau hauv lub tes ntawm cov neeg sau keeb kwm, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas kev hais lus, thiab kev kawm zoo ntawm tus sau tus cwj pwm kuj yuav tsum tau ua. Thiab, tej zaum, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lwm qhov chaw ntaus nqi rau lub sijhawm no. Nws zoo li kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas hauv forensic science: zaj lus tim khawv ntawm cov neeg tim khawv sib txawv yuav tsum sib phim. Tsis muaj leej twg yuav ntseeg Cov Dab Neeg Bygone Xyoo. Ntxiv rau PVL, muaj Byzantine, Western European, Arab qhov chaw los ntawm tib lub sijhawm - koj yuav tsum tau muab piv nrog lawv!

Qhov piv txwv yooj yim tshaj plaws: yog tias muaj ob cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm cov neeg uas koom nrog cov chaw tawm tsam, tej zaum, lawv txhua tus yuav "rub daim pam hla nws tus kheej", ntxuav nws cov phooj ywg hauv caj npab, txhawb nqa lawv txoj kev yeej, thiab pov av nkos. tawm tsam. Xav txog tias qee cov ntsiab lus hauv ob daim ntawv yog tib yam. Yog tias muaj, ces qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb yuav tsum siab heev!

Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv zoo heev Ancient Egypt. Tuam tsev, tombs, hieroglyphs” Barbara Mertz piav txog qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws. Thaum rov kho daim duab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kades ntawm cov neeg Iyiv, coj los ntawm Ramses II, thiab cov Hittites, cov neeg sau keeb kwm muaj lub sijhawm los sib piv cov ntaub ntawv Iyiv thiab Hittite. Lub Egyptian version ntawm cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia hauv cov ntawv sau rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm Karnak. Txij li lub hom phiaj ntawm Egyptian inscriptions yog kom qhuas tus vaj ntxwv, txhua yam "tiv thaiv Egyptian" cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov keeb kwm no yog qhov tseeb. Thiab los ntawm cov ntawv Karnak peb kawm tau hais tias "Ramses, suav nrog kev yeej nrawm, tau kov yeej nws cov tub rog;, tig mus rau hauv kev sib tw tsis sib haum xeeb." Txij li txawm tias cov kws sau ntawv qhuas vaj ntxwv raug yuam kom qhia txog qhov no, cov ntsiab lus no yuav tsum ntseeg. Raws li cov neeg Iyiv, ua tsaug rau tus kheej lub siab tawv ntawm Ramses, nws thiaj li muaj peev xwm tig qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Hmoov zoo, cov keeb kwm muaj lwm yam txheej xwm - Hittite.

Ntau yam ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus txawv, tab sis, piv rau ob qho tib si rau ib leeg, cov neeg keeb kwm tuaj txog qhov xaus tias tsis muaj ib tog twg yeej yeej kawg: ob pab tub rog rov qab los, tau raug kev puas tsuaj hnyav. Kev lees paub ntawm qhov no yog cov ntawv nyeem ntawm kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, thaum kawg xaus ntawm Egypt thiab Hittite lub nceeg vaj. Kuj ceeb tias, cov neeg sau keeb kwm muaj ob qho tib si Egyptian thiab Hittite versions ntawm daim ntawv no nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes - thiab lawv cov ntawv zoo sib xws heev! Kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tso cai rau cov neeg sau keeb kwm rov tsim kho cov xwm txheej uas tshwm sim ntau dua 3 txhiab xyoo dhau los.

Lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm Egyptian thaum ub tau hais hauv kab lus kawg. Egyptologists ntseeg hais tias cov neeg Iyiv tau tho thiab saws lub pob zeb nrog cov cuab yeej tooj liab thiab cov abrasive. Yog lawm, peb tsis muaj ib daim vis dis aus ntawm qhov drilling ntawm granite los ntawm ib tug neeg Iyiv thaum ub nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov pov thawj. Tab sis tsawg kawg peb muaj:

• cov qhov qub qub lawv tus kheej thiab cov cores tshuav ntawm lawv qhov drilling (zoo tib yam hauv kev sim);

• cov duab qub uas qhia txog cov txheej txheem drilling;

• muaj cov kab tooj liab nyob rau hauv cov qhov qub qub thiab txiav;

• Kev paub tias cov neeg Iyiv muaj cov cuab yeej siv los ua cov kav dej tooj liab, thiab nrhiav pom cov kav dej li no.

Cov no yog tag nrho cov lus sib cav hauv kev pom zoo ntawm peb qhov kev xav. Lawv tawm tsam kuv: “Aha! Qhia koj tus kheej tias qhov no tsuas yog kev xav xwb! Tsis muaj leejtwg pom li!” Zoo, Kuv nyiam qhov piv txwv uas tau hais los ntawm cov neeg sau xov xwm thiab keeb kwm Mikhail Rodin. Thaum sawv ntxov, tus txiv tsis paub thiab rumpled rov qab los tsev. Tus poj niam hnov ntxhiab tsw thiab pom ib kab ntawm daim di ncauj ntawm lub plhu lub plhu. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug phooj ywg twb tau qhia rau nws tus poj niam tias nws pom nws tus txiv hauv tsev noj mov "nrog ib tug neeg." Txawm li cas los xij, tus txiv txias txias tshaj tawm tias: "Darling, tsis txhob ntseeg qhov kev xav no! Kev hais lus phem, kev hais lus phem ntawm cov yeeb ncuab! Qhov tseeb, kuv raug nyiag los ntawm Martians. Vim li cas kuv version phem dua? Tom qab tag nrho, tsis muaj leej twg pom nws tiag tiag li cas."

Alas, cov pov thawj tsis pom zoo rau Martians …

"History is fiction," hais tias ib tug neeg nyeem paub txog keeb kwm los ntawm cov ntawv tseeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws zoo li kuv tias nws yog qhov tseeb dua los piv cov keeb kwm tsis yog nrog tus neeg sau xov xwm lossis tus kws sau ntawv, tab sis nrog tus neeg ua txhaum cai. Tus kws tshawb nrhiav tsis yog tus kheej nyob rau ntawm qhov kev tua neeg, tab sis muaj cov pov thawj txaus thiab cov lus pov thawj ntawm cov neeg pov thawj los kho cov duab ntawm kev ua txhaum cai. Thiab lub tsev hais plaub, tau kawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm rooj plaub, teeb meem txhaum cai lossis raug txiav txim.

Nco ntsoov, nyob zoo cov neeg tawm tswv yim! Yog tias kuv pom cov kab lus hauv qab no hauv koj cov ntawv:

- “Yog lawm, tus neeg keeb kwm no yog neeg German (Lus Askiv, Asmeskas, Jew)! Koj nkag siab… ;

- “Nws muaj kev kawm tsis ncaj ncees lawm! Thiab lub xaib tsis raug”;

- "Tus sau cia li ua nyiaj";

- "Tus sau tiv thaiv lub hardened official dogmas";

- "Ntshai poob qhov nyiaj pab - qhov ntawd yog nws lub ntsiab lus zais cia!" …

tom qab ntawd kuv nkag siab tias koj qhov zais cia tseem ceeb yog qhov tsis muaj pov thawj tshawb fawb tiav.