Tim Nkij teb chaws: qhov paub tsis meej ntawm ancient "Lub Tsev ntawm Zaj"

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nyob rau hauv Greek kob ntawm Euboea, muaj ib tug tiag tiag archaeological paub tsis meej: 25 loj qauv hu ua Drakospita los yog Dragon Houses. Tsim los ntawm megalithic limestone blocks uas tsim lub pyramid-puab lub ru tsev, cov zaj dab neeg tsis meej pem yog qhov tseeb paub tsis meej ntawm ancient sij hawm. Cov kws tshawb fawb tsis paub tias leej twg tsim lawv, lawv tau tsim li cas, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov keeb kwm tsis paub thaum lawv tsim.

Dragon Houses (Drakospita hauv Greek) yog 25 lub tsev loj nyob thoob plaws sab qab teb ntawm Euboea, thib rau loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Mediterranean, nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab hnub tuaj ntawm tebchaws Greece.

Cov tsev hu ua Zaj yog cov duab plaub ua los ntawm cov pob zeb loj, ua rau hauv cov style megalithic, muab tso rau saum ib qho tsis muaj mortar.

Lub qhov khoob ntawm lawv tau ntim nrog lwm cov pob zeb me, thiab lub ru tsev yog npog nrog cov pob zeb loj zoo sib xws, tawm hauv qhov sib txawv kom pom kev nkag mus.

Cov tsev khaws cia zoo tshaj plaws ntawm zaj yog nyob rau Mount Ochi, nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm cov kob. Muaj peb lub tsev Cyclopean ntxiv tuaj yeem pom ntawm Palli Lakka thiab Kapsala.

Lawv raug hu ua lub tsev ntawm zaj, vim hais tias cov lus dab neeg hauv zos ua rau lawv cov neeg tsim muaj peev xwm tsis paub txog tus neeg muaj peev xwm.

Txawm hais tias "dab tsev" tau piav qhia thawj zaug hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, tseem tsis muaj hnub kawg rau cov tsev no. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias lawv tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 7 BC thiab yog cov thawj coj ntawm cov tuam tsev Greek tom qab. Lwm tus xav tias lawv yog cov qauv tiv thaiv ntawm lub sijhawm Hellenistic, III-IV centuries BC.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij tseem tsis tuaj yeem pom zoo rau lawv qhov kev sib tham, thiab qhov tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv nyob ib puag ncig cov qauv loj ua rau nyuaj rau kev ua haujlwm.

Cov tsev ntawm Zaj tau "pom" los ntawm British geologist John Hawkins, uas tau nce Mount Ochi (qhov siab 1,398 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem) thaum Lub Kaum Hli 21, 1797. Nyob ntawd nws nrhiav tau ib tug qauv, uas nws tau soj ntsuam thiab los ntawm qhov uas nws ua sketches, xaus nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lawv kev tsim kho hais tias cov loj heev cov tsev yuav tsum yog cov laus dua cov classical Greek tuam tsev.

Tom qab nws paub txog lub neej ntawm cov qauv loj hauv Mediterranean, ntau tus neeg tau mus rau tim Nkij teb chaws mus saib "dab tsev" nrog lawv tus kheej ob lub qhov muag.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom qab Hawkins ' discovery, lawv tau mus xyuas los ntawm ntau archaeologists, xws li Heinrich Ulrichs, uas luam tawm ib tug monograph ntawm cov qauv nyob rau hauv 1842. Nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab, cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb yog Americans Gene Carpenter thiab Dan Boyd.

Cov Dragon Houses tsis meej pem ntawm Mount Ochi yog nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm 1386 meters thiab muaj qhov nruab nrab qhov loj ntawm 12, 7 x 7, 7 meters, nrog lub qhov rooj nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm phab ntsa sab qab teb, 2 meters los ntawm 1 meter dav thiab topped nrog. ib tug loj 10-tuj lintel protruding saum nws nrog rau cov qhov rais me me ntawm ob sab.

Cov phab ntsa muaj qhov nruab nrab tuab ntawm 1.4 meters, haum rau kev txhawb nqa lub ru tsev pob zeb hnyav, thiab sab hauv nce mus rau qhov siab nruab nrab ntawm li 2.4 meters. Qhov chaw tsim kho yog 48 square meters thiab tag nrho hauv pem teb yog them nrog pob zeb slabs.

Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, peb lub Tsev Zaj ntawm Palli Lakka yog qhov loj heev rau Dragon Tsev ntawm Mount Ochi, tab sis lub thickness ntawm phab ntsa yog tsawg, qhov nruab nrab, tsuas yog 1.1 meters. Cov pob zeb siv yog me me thiab tag nrho cov style yog rougher, tsawg complex thiab tejzaum nws txawm ntau ancient.

Qhov txawv tshaj plaws yog tias, txawm tias lawv qhov loj me thiab cov txheej txheem nyuaj, hauv cov peev txheej thaum ub tsis muaj qhov hais txog cov tsev no, yog li ntawd tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj yog tau los ntawm cov lus dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg ntawm thaj chaw uas lawv tau tsim, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv. los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb uas tau mus xyuas cov tsev no.

Nyob rau hauv 1959, excavations tau ua nyob rau Mount Ochi, uas ua rau nrhiav tau ntawm ceramic fragments yos los ntawm lub sij hawm Hellenistic. Archaeologists kuj pom muaj ntau yam fortifications, ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv pom ib tug me me ntawv sau nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis paub tsab ntawv, uas yog tam sim no khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub archaeological tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Karystos.

Cov ntsiab lus txaus siab tau pom nyob rau xyoo 2002 thiab 2004 thaum cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Department of Astrophysics ntawm University of Athens tau kawm txog kev taw qhia ntawm Dragon Houses ntawm Mount Ochi. Cov kws tshaj lij tau xaus lus tias Dragon Houses tau taw qhia rau Sirius lub hnub qub. Nyob rau lub sijhawm rau qhov chaw no, Dragon Houses tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm 1100 BC.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tam sim ntawd tso tawm qhov kev xav tias cov qauv Cyclopean tsis paub yuav siv tau los ua ib hom kev soj ntsuam hnub qub.

Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua, cov vaj tsev Greek zaj txuas ntxiv ua qhov tsis meej rau cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm.

Raws li qee tus kws sau ntawv tau taw qhia, cov qauv tsis meej no yuav yog tus yuam sij rau kev nkag siab txog kev hloov pauv ntawm Greek architecture lig.

Txawm lawv lub hom phiaj, nws tseem yog ib qho tsis paub yuav ua li cas cov qauv loj no tau tsim, lawv ciaj sia li cas thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, lawv lub hnub nyoog pes tsawg.