9 feem ntau ancient megalithic khoom

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab kev cai dab qhuas vaj tse tau ua txij thaum immemorial. Txawm hais tias tam sim no koj tseem tuaj yeem pom cov tsev tshwj xeeb uas qub heev uas txawm tias nyob rau hnub ntawm kev vam meej thaum ub lawv tau suav tias yog cov khoom qub. Txawm hais tias lub sijhawm tsis muaj kev cia siab, kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim thiab kev tsov kev rog tau tshem tawm txoj hauv kev ntawm feem ntau cov qauv ua ntej, tab sis txawm li cas los xij, qee cov qauv tau khaws cia tsis yog qhov pom tau zoo xwb, lawv tsis tau poob qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb txawm tias tom qab xyoo txhiab.

1. Qhov qub tshaj plaws megalithic complex Gebekli Tepe hauv Qaib Cov Txwv (9 txhiab xyoo BC)

Gebekli Tepe yog lub tsev loj tshaj plaws kev cai dab qhuas ntawm Neolithic era ntawm lub ntiaj teb (Turkey).

Göbekli Tepe (Gebekli Tepe) yog ib qho chaw megalithic ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Southeastern Anatolia (Turkey), uas tau hloov pauv ntau pua xyoo cov tswv yim ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txog yav dhau los ntawm noob neej, tshwj xeeb, txog thaum ntxov Neolithic ntawm Middle East thiab Eurasia.

Qhov tshwj xeeb keeb kwm muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov khoom tau pom tsis ntev los no, thiab nws kuj tau txiav txim siab tias lub tsev kev cai dab qhuas no tau tsim los rau ntau pua xyoo ua ke. Tam sim no, ib lub voj voog uas muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 300 m tau tso tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab cov xuab zeb, uas muaj ntau tshaj 200 pob zeb kab thiab ntau slabs nrog carved kos duab nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb.

2. Tel-al-Caramel mound in Aleppo (8,6 txhiab xyoo BC)

Lub qub kurgan Tel al-Karamel yog ib qho pov thawj tiag tiag uas peb cov poj koob yawm txwv tau tsim ntau dua li qhov nws tau xav (Aleppo, Syria).

Qhia Qaramel (Tel al-Qaramel) yog lub pob zeb prehistoric nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Syria niaj hnub, ze Aleppo. Cov kev tshawb fawb archaeological nquag pib xyoo 1999, tab sis tau raug tshem tawm nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tsov rog hauv xyoo 2007.

Ib pab pawg thoob ntiaj teb cov kws tshaj lij coj los ntawm xibfwb Ryzard F. Mazurowski ntawm University of Warsaw tuaj yeem nrhiav tau 5 lub pob zeb puag ncig hauv daim duab ntawm cov pej thuam, kev faus neeg thaum ub (qhov seem ntawm 20 tus neeg), cov khoom siv pob zeb nplua nuj, tsev neeg yooj yim. cov khoom thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub los ntawm malachite thiab tooj liab. Cov khoom siv pob zeb tau khaws cia zoo kawg nkaus kos duab qhia txog tsiaj, tib neeg thiab ntau yam qauv geometric.

3. Ntauwd ntawm Yericho hauv Palestine (8 xyoo txhiab BC)

Lub pej thuam mysterious ntawm Jericho yog nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm qhov qub tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no - nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Tel Jericho (Palestine).

Lub Ntauwd ntawm Yericho, pom tsis deb ntawm Hiav Txwv Tuag hauv Palestine, yog lub pob zeb conical 8.5 meters siab, nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 9 m ntawm lub hauv paus thiab 7 m nyob rau saum toj. Ua rau hauv tus account nws lub hnub nyoog venerable (tsawg kawg 10). txhiab xyoo!) nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov pob zeb tsis tau ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho, thiab 22 cov kauj ruam tau muab tso rau hauv phab ntsa 1.5 meters dav.

Nws tseem tsis tau paub txog lub hom phiaj twg lub tsev tau tsim tsa, uas thawb cov kws tshawb fawb mus rau kev tshawb fawb ntau dua ntawm cov khoom. Txawm hais tias tau ntau xyoo qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias nws yog lub fortification, lwm tus hais tias nws tau ua ib hom laj kab thaum dej nyab. Kuj tseem muaj qhov kev xav hais tias lub Ntauwd ntawm Yericho yog qhov chaw pe hawm thiab lub cim ntawm lub hwj chim lossis kev nplua nuj.

4. Lub nroog qub ntawm Chatal-Huyuk nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv (7,1 txhiab xyoo BC)

Chat-Hawl-Hoi-Yook yog Neolithic loj heev "proto-city" (Turkey).

Digital visualization ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm feem ancient settlements nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Chat-Hawl-Hoi-Yook yog qhov chaw qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, nrhiav tau nyob ib ncig ntawm 7100 BC. thiab muaj nyob rau ntau tshaj ib txhiab xyoo, tau dhau los ua ib yam ntawm archaeological snapshot nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej.

Nws yog nyob rau hauv nws hais tias cov evolution ntawm lub zej zog yog qhia meej, uas pib nws txoj kev loj hlob raws li nomadic neeg yos hav zoov-suav sau ua ke, maj mam tig mus rau hauv lub nroog. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntaub ntawv, xws li ib tug metamorphosis tau coj mus rau ib tug high pej xeem ceev thiab tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob thiab kev ua txhaum loj.

5. Kev sib haum xeeb thaum ub ntawm Choirokitia hauv Cyprus (6 txhiab xyoo BC)

Lub Neolithic kev thaj yeeb ntawm Khirokitia yog UNESCO World Heritage Site (Cyprus).

Khirokitia yog ib qho chaw Neolithic hauv Cyprus, nyob ze Larnaca, tau tsim muaj thaum ntxov li 5800 BC. e. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kev sib haum xeeb thaum ub yog tias nws cov neeg nyob hauv tau ua cov tsev nyob ib puag ncig ntawm adobe cib, uas lawv npog nrog lub ru tsev tiaj tus pob zeb, lawv kuj khawb cov pas dej hauv txhua lub tshav puam, thiab tib neeg tau faus rau hauv tsev - hauv qab hauv pem teb.

Nthuav qhov tseeb:Lub zos nws tus kheej, uas tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 600 tus neeg nyob, yog ib puag ncig los ntawm cov phab ntsa tiv thaiv, qhia tau hais tias lub koom haum thaum ntxov twb muaj nyob rau hauv nws.

6. Lub zos Durankulak hauv Bulgaria (5,5 txhiab xyoo BC)

Cov kev sib haum xeeb thaum ub ntawm Durankulak ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub pas dej ntawm tib lub npe belongs rau cov theem pib ntawm lig Neolithic kab lis kev cai (Bulgaria).

Lub zos me me ntawm Durankulak, nyob rau sab qaum teb Bulgaria, tuaj yeem khav tau tias thawj cov neeg tau tshwm sim ntawm nws thaj chaw 7, 5 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm archaeological pom tau hais tias nws yog nyob ntawm no tias thawj lub pob zeb nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe nyob.

7. Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Newgrange hauv Ireland (5, 2 txhiab xyoo BC)

Lub legendary Irish mound Newgrange tau suav nrog hauv UNESCO World Heritage List.

Newgrange (Newgrange) - ib lub tuam tsev qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb nyob ze rau Dublin (Ireland). Txog rau tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau poob rau hauv kev xav txog yuav ua li cas cov astronomers thaum ub tuaj yeem suav cov chav kawm ntawm luminary nrog qhov tseeb yog li ntawd nyob rau hnub ntawm lub caij ntuj no solstice nws illuminated qhov deb tshaj plaws underground chamber ntawm Newgrange lub qhov ntxa, hla lub qhov rais tsuas yog 19 cm. dav.

Tom qab ua tiav txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm qhov pom qhov tawg ntawm lub qhov ntxa ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev, uas tau ua qhov chaw pe hawm rau Hnub Ci, lub thaj neeb qub qub tau rov qab los. Tam sim no, lub tuam tsev complex muaj qhov siab ntawm 13.5 m, thiab nws txoj kab uas hla yog 85 m. Lub qhov hauv av ua rau lub ritual faus thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog pob zeb slabs nrog kos duab muaj qhov ntev ntawm 19 m.

8. Bugon necropolis nyob ze lub nroog La Mot-Saint-Ere (tsim nyob rau hauv 4, 7 - 3, 5 millennia BC)

Lub Bugon necropolis muaj 5 megalithic faus mounds, uas tau khaws cia zoo rau hnub no.

Cemetery Bougon (Tumulus of Bougon), nyob ze ntawm Fabkis lub nroog ntawm La Mot-Saint-Ere, muaj 5 qhov ntxa ntawm Neolithic era, tsim ntau pua xyoo.

Vim li no, txhua lub mound muaj nws tus kheej architectural nta thiab cim pom. Txog niaj hnub no, hauv chav faus neeg ntawm Bugon necropolis, ntau tshaj li ob puas leej tib neeg lub cev pob txha, cov cuab yeej pob zeb, cov khoom siv hauv tsev ua los ntawm pob zeb thiab ceramics, cov khoom ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tau pom, uas tau dhau los ua pov thawj tias cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub muaj nyob rau hauv prehistoric lub sij hawm.

9. Lub Tuam Tsev complex ntawm Ggantiya ntawm cov kob ntawm Gozo (3rd, 7th txhiab xyoo BC)

Ob lub tuam tsev qub tshaj plaws yog Ggantija Sanctuary (Gozo Island, Malta).

Lub tuam tsev Ggantija (Ggantija, tseem hu ua "Tower ntawm Giants") nyob rau ntawm 115 m siab toj ntawm cov kob ntawm Gozo, tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Malta.

Raws li archaeologists thiab cov kws tshawb fawb, lub megalithic cult site ntawm Ggantija, muaj ob lub tuam tsev, yog ib yam ntawm Vatican ntawm lub Neolithic era, uas tau los ua qhov chaw ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab secular lub neej ntawm Maltese rau ntau centuries, nrog rau ib tug icon. nyob rau hauv kev cai dab qhuas kev tsim kho. Raws li nws tau muab tawm, tag nrho cov kev cai dab qhuas tom ntej ntawm cov kob ntawm Malta rov qab tsim cov yam ntxwv ntawm "Tower of the Giants".