Lavxias teb sab handicrafts raws li kos duab nyob rau hauv lub exposition ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntseeg tias thawj qhov kev xav tau zoo tshaj 32,000 xyoo dhau los tau ntsib los ntawm ib tug txiv neej, tej zaum yog ib tug txiv neej, uas tau pleev xim rau kev yos hav zoov ntawm lub vaults ntawm Chave Qhov tsua.

Tab sis koj thiab kuv paub tias tus kws ua yeeb yam tau tshoov siab tau hnav khaub ncaws plaub, uas tau ntxim hlub sewn los ntawm poj niam txhais tes los ntawm cov tawv nqaij tsiaj. Tej zaum yog pob txha koob. Thiab, tej zaum, lub sij hawm shovchik tau ua tsis yog zoo li hla ntawm ntug, tab sis nrog cov hlab ntsha ci ntsa iab, kos duab stitching … Tshis, piv txwv li.

Thiab tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi kos duab thuam hais txog qhov xwm txheej thib ob ntawm pej xeem kos duab, nws tau sawv thiab coj qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg lub neej ua ntej tshaj li kev tshoov siab cov neeg ua yeeb yam pib tsim.

28,000 txhiab xyoo dhau los, ib tug shaman nrog ob tug me nyuam raug faus rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm Russia txias. Cov robes ntawm cov venerable tuag tau adorned nrog ntau txhiab tus kaus ntxhw hlaws. Rau qhov chaw tsim khoom ntawm qhov kev siv zog ntawm ntau lub kaum os cov neeg xav tau. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo nkauj, embroidered thiab beaded khaub ncaws yog tsim nyog tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub neej no, tab sis kuj rau lub sij hawm ntev mus rau lub ntiaj teb no …

Cov xov stretches, lub pob rolls …

Thaum tib neeg kawm knit, tsis muaj leej twg hais tau tseeb. Cov khoom qub tshaj plaws knitted yos rov qab rau xyoo pua 3rd. AD, pom nyob rau hauv Peru - ib tug zoo nkauj knitted siv nrog ib tug hummingbird motif. Coptic tombs hauv tebchaws Iziv tau khaws cov khoom txuas nrog hauv 4th-5th centuries. AD Zoo li ib tug me nyuam cov xim ntaub plaub knitted thom khwm. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov ntxa Germanic ntawm tib lub sij hawm, inconsolable cov txheeb ze muab ib txheej ntawm knitting koob.

Tab sis tsis yog lub tsho thom khwm knitted ua ntej lub sijhawm tshiab? Ntawm chav kawm, lawv knitted, tsuas yog ntau ancient, primordial, rotted ntev dhau los.

Tsuas yog cov duab kos xwb. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntxa ntawm Amenemkht nyob rau hauv Beni Hasan (19th caug xyoo BC), ib tug phab ntsa painting ntawm plaub Semitic cov poj niam hnav khaub ncaws knitted tsho. Nyob rau hauv lub ruins ntawm lub palace ntawm Senacherib nyob rau hauv Nineveh, ib tug bas-relief ntawm ib tug tub rog nyob rau hauv thom khwm, heev zoo li niaj hnub sawv daws yuav.

Thiab muaj ib lub tswv yim hais tias knitting twb paub txawm nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm creation ntawm Homer lub "Odyssey". Tsuas yog vim qhov tsis raug ntawm cov neeg txhais lus thiab cov kws sau ntawv, cov lus "knitting" tau hloov los ntawm "weaving". Nco ntsoov, Penelope tau cog lus rau cov nraug vauv siab ntev tias nws yuav tau sib yuav sai li sai tau thaum lub tshoob tiab npaj txhij, tab sis hmo ntuj nws yuav yaj yam nws tau woven nyob rau hauv ib hnub … tsuas yog knitted ntaub. Thiab nyob rau hauv ancient Greek vases ntawm Trojan Tsov rog, muaj cov duab ntawm cov nom tswv nyob rau hauv nruj, nruj trousers, reminiscent ntawm knitted tights los ntawm wardrobe ntawm Venetian dev uas nyob 2500 xyoo tom qab.

Paj ntaub thiab paj ntaub tau nto moo nyob rau hauv Egypt thaum ub, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm kev pom ntawm cov paj ntaub zoo nkauj thiab dai kom zoo nkauj hauv lub qhov ntxa ntawm vaj ntxwv. Tab sis knitting yog yooj yim dua - tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb xav tau. Thaum xub thawj, lawv feem ntau knitted ntawm cov ntiv tes, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd lawv pib siv cov koob knitting lossis thav duab (hom knitting no qee zaum hu ua Egyptian).

Vim li cas knitwear los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tsis tau pom? Vim tias tes knitting yog luv luv thiab khaws cia tsis zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom knitted yuav tsum tau hnav los ntawm cov neeg ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees, thiab rau lawv nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov khaub ncaws qub tuaj yeem xoob thiab lwm yam knitted. Hauv qhov no, lub zog ntawm cov xov paj yog ib txwm txo qis.

Rau kev khib ntawm kab laug sab

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, txhua tus poj niam ua liaj ua teb pab tsis tau tab sis ua cov koob. Yuav kom hnav ib tsev neeg, ib tug yuav tsum weave, embroider, weave. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg txawj ntse tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm tus tswv hnav khaub ncaws.

Thawj thawj zaug, Lavxias teb sab lace yog hais nyob rau hauv Ipatiev Chronicle, qhov twg lawv hu ua kub. Vim hais tias lub lace yog ces woven los ntawm kub thiab nyiaj xov. Ntau yam khoom siv lace ntawm xyoo pua 16th tau nqis los rau peb - ua ke nrog cov paj ntaub kub, brocade, thiab pob zeb zoo nkauj. Tom qab ntawd lawv txaus siab tsis ntau npaum li kev txawj ua haujlwm zoo li cov khoom siv nws tus kheej. Thiab lawv txawm muag lace los ntawm qhov hnyav.

Lub Kremlin Armory muaj hnav ris tsho rau kev tawm ntawm huab tais Empress Catherine II, ua los ntawm cov nyiaj zoo tshaj plaws lace. Tus Empress muab tso rau ib zaug xwb vim nws qhov hnyav hnyav - ntau tshaj li ib phaus.

Nyob rau hauv 17th-18th centuries nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, kim kub-nyiaj lace tau hloov los ntawm kev ywj pheej xov lace. Lawv sai sai ua fashionable, ilv lace nthwv dej poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog txhua leej txhua tus: vajntxwv thiab innkeepers, tub ceev xwm thiab cov hauj sam, ntxhais huabtais thiab neeg pluag poj niam. Txawm pirates. Ntau hom lace tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lawv cov creation: "volanciennes", "Brussels" thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws, muaj nuj nqis - "Brabant". Nco ntsoov, ntawm Gumilyov: "Los yog nrhiav kev tawm tsam ntawm lub nkoj, rub rab yaj phom los ntawm nws txoj siv, kom kub poob los ntawm lace, los ntawm cov paj yeeb Brabant cuffs …"

Brabant cuffs tau woven los ntawm flax, uas loj hlob tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm Brabant (Belgium) thiab muab ib tug xov ntawm ib tug mos liab hue. Tsuas yog cov ntxhais uas muaj cov ntiv tes me me tau ntseeg kom tig flax. Nyob rau hauv ntub dej hauv qab, yog li ntawd tus cab yog ntub, thiab cov xov yog elastic thiab nyias.

Emperor Peter kuv tau hais kom niam txiv-craftswomen los ntawm Brabant nyob rau hauv 1725 los qhia cov me nyuam ntsuag weaving lace ntawm Novodevichy Convent. Thiab cov ntxhais serf nrov nrog bobbins txij thaum sawv ntxov txog rau hmo ntuj, kho kom zoo nkauj lub neej ntawm lawv cov tswv nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb.

Qhov muaj ntawm cov khoom siv thiab ntau yam ntawm daim ntawv thov tau ua bobbin lace tiag tiag. Lub lace "German" los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe yog xim nrog xws li ib tug nplua nuj invention, xws li ntau yam ornaments, thiaj li merged nrog lub Slavic pej xeem kev lig kev cai uas nws mus rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv lub npe "Lavxias teb sab lace".

Lub chaw tseem ceeb ntawm lace-ua yog Vologda, Ryazan, Yelets, Vyatka, Belev, Kirishi. Tam sim no yuav luag tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab lace hu ua Vologda lace. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, ntau qhov chaw ntawm lace-making tau khaws lawv cov originality.

Hom rau Vologda lace yog ib tug qauv nyob rau hauv uas kub, nyiaj, xim threads tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv lattices. Lub suab ntawm daim duab yog nyob ntsiag to, cov kab yog mos, sib npaug. Elets lace yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb thiab rhiab; lub ornament yog ua nrog nquag siv mesh ntawm pob tshab, pob tshab keeb kwm yav dhau. Kirish lace, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj cov pob tshab lattice ntawm qhov hnyav tom qab. Ryazan lace yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev tsim cov xim ci ci.

Niaj hnub no needlewomen revived lub nto moo nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los Balakhna lace, kub paj ntaub, "Nizhny Novgorod guipure". Linen, paj rwb, woolen, txhob lo lo ntxhuav, nylon threads tau dav siv, lawv muab cov xov sib txawv ntawm kev ntxhib los mos hauv ib yam khoom, uas tso cai rau koj los tsim cov khoom qub, niaj hnub.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv Siberia weaving ntawm bobbins tsis tau nthuav dav. Ntau tus neeg crochet, tab sis tsuas yog cov neeg nyiam tsis tshua muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem xaws Vologda lace. Txoj hauj lwm no yuav tsum tau ua siab ntev thiab ua siab ntev.

Precious canvases

Kev kos duab ntawm kev ua tapestries kuj muaj keeb kwm ntev. Tsis muaj hnub tim thiab qhov chaw uas thawj tapestry tau tsim, tab sis lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm weaving tau paub rau cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub. Fragments ntawm rooj tog upholstery thiab wallpaper los ntawm faus ntawm lub xyoo pua 3rd tau los rau peb.

Qhov ntxov tshaj plaws nyob sab Europe tapestries yog German. Weaved lawv nyob rau hauv monasteries los yog nyob rau hauv tsev. Nyob rau tib lub tsev fuabtais. Nyob rau hauv lub txias pob zeb vaj tse, panels tsis tau tsuas yog decorate lub tsev, tab sis kuj pab kom insulate lawv tsawg kawg yog ib tug me ntsis.

Cov tapestries depicted fairy taleas cim, ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm lub neej ntawm nobles. Pastorals with shepherdses… Weaved and biblical subjects. Ntawm chav kawm, thiaj li yuav tau txais ib tug tiag tiag ua hauj lwm ntawm kos duab, craftswoman yuav tsum muaj ib tug txawv tshaj plaw txuj ci raws li ib tug artist. Thiab qhov ntawd tsis yog ib txwm tshwm sim. Thaum xub thawj, tapestries tau woven los ntawm lub tsev fuabtais hermits - cov poj niam thiab cov ntxhais ntawm appanage princes. Noble poj niam los ntawm qeb tsis yog yuav tsum ua cov haujlwm hauv tsev dub, tab sis qee qhov nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nyob deb ntawm hnub ntev thiab ntau hli los ntawm kev sib tw mus rau kev sib tw. Tab sis thaum woven patterned canvases dhau los ua fashionable, thaum txhua tsev neeg noble xav kho lub siab, txias halls nrog precious tapestries, tiag tiag ntxias tau attracted rau lub lag luam. Thiab artisans. Cov tes tsis muaj zog ntawm cov ntxhais huabtais thiab lawv cov hangers-on tuaj yeem tsim ib qho tapestry nkaus xwb hauv lawv lub neej luv. Thiab muaj oh-oh-oh muaj pes tsawg phab ntsa uas yuav tsum tau insulated thiab decorated.

Thiab kev tsim cov tapestries tsis yog cov khoom siv tes ua, tsiv mus rau kev cob qhia nrog cov tshuab tsim rau cov tapestries loj. Tam sim no tus kws kos duab tshwj xeeb tau tsim ib daim duab kos duab, ib qho qauv tsim los ntawm nws lub hauv paus, thiab lawv tau woven dua nws.

Los ntawm txoj kev, lo lus tapestry heev, uas yog lub ntsiab lus rau tapestries, los ntawm lub npe ntawm tsev neeg Gobelin, uas nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th. nyob rau hauv lub suburbs ntawm Paris Saint-Marseille thiab tau los ua tus naas ej "Royal Tapestry Manufactory".

Peter kuv tsis poob txawm nyob ntawm no - nws caw Fabkis masters mus rau St. Petersburg, thiab lawv nrhiav tau thawj tapestry studio nyob rau hauv Russia.

Cardboards rau tapestries tau tsim los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam xws li Francois Boucher, Fernand Leger, Salvador Dali, Wassily Kandinsky, Matisse, Picasso, Braque, Chagall.

Tam sim no lub hi-tech style tau nkag mus rau hauv daim duab ntawm tapestry. Cov kws ua yeeb yam niaj hnub tsim cov duab nruab nrab uas tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog txhua qhov décor. Tus nqi kos duab ntawm niaj hnub tapestries tsis yog piv rau cov qub, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo uas nyob rau hauv niaj hnub minimalist chav tsev muaj ib qho chaw rau ib tug kaj textile chaw.

Cov keeb kwm ntawm tapestry tsis dhau … Ntxiv mus, nws rov poob rau hauv tes ntawm needlewomen. Txhawm rau tsim koj tus kheej tes-ua phab ntsa vaj huam sib luag, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum muaj cov ncej muaj zog thiab cov xov paj ntawm cov xim sib txawv los ntawm ib qho, sib txawv fibers. Yog, ua siab ntev ntau. Ntawm ib lub thav duab zoo tib yam, siv rab rawg, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv luam ntawm cov qub tapestries nthuav tawm hauv cov tsev khaws puav pheej nto moo thoob ntiaj teb - los kho cov chav nyob. Los yog ntaub pua rooj thiab ntaub ntaub. Los yog cov ntaub pua chaw pw thiab hauv ncoo rau chav pw, cov khoom ua si mos thiab cov yeeb yuj hauv ncoo rau cov chaw zov me nyuam - nrog elves, bears, ducklings.

Cov hlaws tsis raug pov tseg, tab sis qis dua

Pob zeb Age pob txha hlaws tsis tau hlaws. Lawv tsis sparkle mysteriously, tsis txhob shimmer nrog ib tug multicolored zaj sawv. Cov iav hlaws tau tshwm sim ntau tom qab.

Tam sim no predecessors ntawm hlaws dai - iav hlaws - adorned cov khaub ncaws ntawm ancient Egyptian pharaohs. Nomads Sarmatians thiab Scythians, ib yam nkaus, ntev ua ntej Tswv Yexus yug los, hnav khaub ncaws thiab khau khiab nrog cov iav me me. Cov npoo ntawm lub tes tsho, lub mis ntawm lub tsho, txawm tias cov ris tsho glittered thiab tinkled. Tsis hais cov siv thiab cov kaus mom.

Thawj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov hlaws dai hauv cov khaub ncaws ntawm Russians hnub rov qab mus rau 9th-12th centuries. Tab sis nws yog imported. Lawv tsis tsim lawv tus kheej hauv Russia thaum lub sijhawm ntawd.

Cov hlaws zoo tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe tau tsim nyob rau ntawm Venetian kob ntawm Murano. Thiab tseem - ntau yam ntawm cov hlab ntsha, iav, hlaws dai, nyees khawm. Kev lag luam nyob rau hauv cov khoom no coj colossal profits rau lub koom pheej. Venetian iav tau yuav nrog kev txaus siab los ntawm cov teb chaws ntawm East Africa, European lub teb chaws, thiab tom qab ntawd America.

Los ntawm txoj kev, tus naas ej navigator Marco Polo yog tus tub ntawm ib tug hlaws dai, nto moo rau lub sij hawm ntawd. Thiab ntawm nws txoj kev mus ntev, nws tsis hnov qab txog kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb rau txawv teb chaws iav hniav nyiaj hniav kub - txhawm rau siv cov ntaub ntawv no tom qab los nthuav kuv txiv ntau lawm.

Venetian masters nruj me ntsis tiv thaiv lawv cov secrets. Nws yog tam sim no paub tias lawv yuav tsum tau ntxiv dej qab zib rau cov xuab zeb los ntawm cov iav loj tau siav. Thiab tom qab ntawd … Kev rau txim siab phem tos cov tswv uas muag qhov zais cia txawv teb chaws - lawv tau tshaj tawm tias kev ntxeev siab, raug tua.

Tab sis tsis tsuas yog nrog ib tug zaub ntug hauv paus, tsoom fwv ntawm Venetian koom pheej kuj tuav rov qab glassmakers. Lawv tau muab txoj cai tshwj xeeb - cov ntxhais ntawm cov craftsmen tuaj yeem sib yuav patricians. Cov tub ceev xwm tig qhov muag tsis pom kev rau tub sab uas muaj yeej hauv Murano. Tab sis glassmakers tsis disdain tub sab thiab. Hauv nws "Memoirs" D. Casanova nco qab tias cov neeg tuaj saib uas siv hmo ntuj hauv lub tsev so Murano tuaj yeem them rau qhov kev tsis saib xyuas tsis yog nrog lawv lub hnab nyiaj xwb, tab sis kuj nrog lawv lub neej.

Venice tau tswj kom muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev tsim cov hlaws mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Thiab tom qab ntawd cov craftsmen ntawm Bohemia pib tsim lawv tus kheej "ntoo iav" (lawv tuaj nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev ntxiv potash rau cov xuab zeb), thiab Bohemian hlaws tau hloov cov Venetian sawv daws yuav.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, lawv nyiam paj ntaub nrog hlaws dai. Thiab lawv tau import nws los ntawm txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv ntau txhiab poods. Lawv kuj sim tsim lawv tus kheej - nyob rau hauv 1670 muaj ib tug rhiav rau ua hlaws dai nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Izmailovo. Tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj kev tsim khoom loj. Tiam M. V. Lomonosov txiav txim siab muab cov hlaws dai rau Russia. Thiab nws tau tsim lub Hoobkas Ust-Ruditsk xyoo 1754. Tab sis tom qab kev tuag ntawm Mikhail Vasilich, kev tsim khoom raug txwv. Beads txuas ntxiv mus yuav txawv teb chaws.

Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th iav factories pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Russia. Cov hlaws zoo tshaj plaws tau tsim hauv Odessa, ntawm Roniger Hoobkas.

Cov hlaws dai thiab bugles (elongated hlaws) - cov khoom siv rau cov poj niam cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab cov xaws xaws. Tab sis muaj ib lub sij hawm thaum glittering iav nplej kuj tau siv rau sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib co chav ntawm Moscow Kremlin, cov phab ntsa tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog nws. Nyob rau hauv chav ntsuab ntawm Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna, bugles tau dav dav nchuav rau ntawm phab ntsa uas npog nrog paj rwb ntsuab. Cov iav thooj voos kheej kheej, muab tso rau hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv, ci ntsa iab hauv lub teeb tswm ciab nrog nplua nuj, ci tints.

Cov chav dai kom zoo nkauj yuav tsum tau siv zog ntau dua, thaum bugles tsis tau nplaum, tab sis sewn rau ntaub. Ib daim duab yog siv nrog hluav taws kub, iav-pob zeb threads (qis) tau nteg tawm ntawm nws, ntaus rau ntawm ib tug muaj zog xov thiab sewn rau hauv paus siv interception stitches. Hom paj ntaub no hu ua pin-on sewing.

Cov ntsiab lus sau ua hauv cov txheej txheem no tau hu ua "Fabkis wallpaper". Qhov no yog li cas txoj kev kawm "iav hlaws" ntawm lub palace hauv Oranienbaum tau dai kom zoo nkauj.

Incidentally, Catherine II nws tus kheej tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov phab ntsa panels. Tus poj huab tais tsis yog neeg txawv teb chaws rau nws txoj kev mob siab rau kev siv rab koob.

Decorated nrog pearls

Tab sis ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob xav hais tias ua ntej cov tsos ntawm cov hlaws dai, cov neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws mus txog nyob rau hauv ib tug shabby noj mov. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lawv siv los kho lawv cov khaub ncaws ntau dua stylishly - nrog pearls. Tshwj xeeb yog kaus mom. Kokoshniks ntawm cov poj niam ntawm sab qaum teb xeev tau nplua nuj embroidered nrog me me hlaws dej, paj ntaub kub, thiab xim iav. Pearls tau hlub tshwj xeeb vim lawv pheej yig heev. Dej qab zib pearl mussels tau pom muaj ntau nyob rau sab qaum teb tus dej thiab hauv Lake Ilmen.

Pearl xaws tau paub nyob rau hauv Russia txij li thaum xyoo pua 10th. Thiab thaum hlaws tau pib siv rau hauv pej xeem cov khaub ncaws, cov craftswomen siv tib txoj kev ua hauj lwm nrog lawv xws li hlaws xaws. Pearls tau muab tso rau ntawm ib lub paj rwb qaum (xaws rau ntawm ib txoj hlua), los yog hla ib qho dawb hemp los yog paj rwb xov (xaws rau ntawm linen), thiab vim li no cov duab tau ua convex.

Tam sim no xws li crowns-kokoshniks, tsim nyog tsuas yog Swan ntxhais huab tais, alas, tsis hnav. Tab sis ib qho yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias tam sim no tsis tas yuav txo qis hlaws thiab hlaws. Saib ntawm koj tus ntxhais hauv pheej yig Turkish-Suav baubles thiab qhia nws: "Cia li ua ua ke, zoo nkauj dua."

Tus kws kos duab tau piav qhia rau peb …

Kev xaws nrog hlaws thiab hlaws tsis tau pib los ntawm kos. Ua ntej, ib tug poj niam kawm xaws thiab embroider nrog ib tug yooj yim xov. Thiab peb tseem tsis tau hnov qab txog kev tshawb fawb txog tam sim no.

Antique matrons thiab getters tau koom nrog kev kos duab paj ntaub, cov poj niam zoo nkauj ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog tau nyiam nws. Nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov ntseeg thiab hloov kho kom zoo nkauj rau Vajtswv lub tuam tsev. Tau ntau xyoo, cov neeg hauv nroog uas hlub Khetos thiab cov poj niam nyob deb nroog tau paj ntaub ntaub rau cov tuam tsev nrog cov ntaub lo lo ntxhuav. Txoj hauj lwm no tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho khoom siv tes ua zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis kuj yog ib qho pov thawj ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm parishioner.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, paj ntaub tau siv los kho ob qho tib si hauv tsev - phuam da dej, ntaub pua rooj, khaub ncaws - thiab lub tsev teev ntuj shrouds, shroud, vestments ntawm txiv plig. Thaum Peter qhib lub qhov rais rau cov teb chaws Europe, Lavxias teb sab needlewomen enriched cov ntsiab lus ntawm lawv cov paj ntaub nrog cov ntsiab lus los ntawm European paintings thiab tapestries. Paj compositions, toj roob hauv pes, pastorals, ib hom ntawv nyeem scenes nrov nyob rau hauv Fabkis, lub teb chaws Yelemees, Belgium thiab Holland tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab interiors thiab.

Thiab tsuas yog lub xyoo pua XX uas muaj kev kub ntxhov nrog nws cov kev ua tiav, kev ua tsov ua rog thiab kev sib cav sib ceg ua rau peb tsis muaj zog rau kev paj ntaub.

Tab sis nws tsis tua kiag li. Cov niam txiv tseem tab tom sim kho lawv lub neej, lawv lub tsev, txawm tias txom nyem npaum li cas, nrog paj ntaub. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov xyoo thaum cov xov zoo nkauj tsis muaj, cov craftswomen tau qhov tsim nyog txhais tau tias tsim kev nplij siab hauv tsev los ntawm cov qub tights, ntau xim.

Thiab tam sim no! Chav twg rau kev xav. Txias luv luv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub thawv ntawv ntawm cov khoom qhuav. Kuv tsuas yog xav tam sim ntawd yuav ib daim ntaub ntawm txhua qhov ntau thiab tsawg, hoops, koob thiab tag nrho zaj sawv ntawm cov xim silky thav ntawv. Thiab nrog lawv cov kev pab los piav txog ib zaj dab neeg los ntawm lub neej ntawm fairy-taleas creatures, los yog ib tug kov toj roob hauv pes, los yog ib tug kaj ornaments ntawm lub rooj ntaub nrog napkins …

Los yog ua raws li tus hneev taw ntawm tus kws ua yeeb yam zoo thiab hloov mus rau cov ntaub tsis muaj Madonna ntawm Raphael lossis kev npau taws ntawm Van Gogh …

Shred rau shred

Flap sewing tej zaum yog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws. tshwm nrog daim ntaub. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd nws tsis tau pom tias yog ib qho khoom siv tes ua cais. Nws tsuas yog hais tias txhua daim ntawm linen los yog ntaub plaub weaved yog priceless, thiab txhua daim mus rau hauv kev lag luam. Txawm hais tias nws yog xim txawv me ntsis, nws tau siv thaum xaws khaub ncaws los yog ua cov ntaub pua rooj, hauv ncoo. Cov xim dawb kuj tseem haum rau cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj. Pom cov ntawv thov ua 3000 xyoo dhau los.

Thiab raws li ib qho kev ywj pheej ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj thiab siv kos duab, patchwork mosaic originated nyob rau hauv Askiv nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Tom qab ntawd lawv pib coj Indian calicoes ntawm cov xim zoo nkauj thiab cov qauv rau lub tebchaws. Muaj ib daim pam Indian hauv tsev tau suav tias yog lub cim ntawm kev muaj nyiaj. Tab sis tsoomfwv ntawm Askiv, saib xyuas nws tus kheej cov ntaub plaub thiab cov ntaub lo lo ntxhuav, txwv tsis pub xa cov ntaub Indian. Ntawm chav kawm, qhov no tsis txwv cov smugglers, tab sis chintz ua tsis tshua muaj thiab kim. Cov poj niam uas muaj nyiaj nplua nuj, tau txiav cov khaub ncaws tawm ntawm nws, tsis muab cov khoom pov tseg. Linen los yog woolen khoom tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ci appliqués. Ntau daim me me tau siv los tsim cov paj ntaub zoo nkauj.

Ua ke nrog cov neeg nyob hauv, hom khoom siv tes ua no tuaj rau Asmeskas, thiab dhau los ua daim duab kos duab hauv tebchaws. Lub quilt yog ib qho yuav tsum muaj rau ib txwm nyob hauv Asmeskas.

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev xaiv geometric ntawm ntau cov xim ntawm cov ntaub yog los ntawm cov paj ntaub. Ornaments, piv txwv li. Los yog los ntawm tsis muaj tsawg ancient kos duab ntawm mosaic compositions. Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas xaws los ntawm ib thaj yog hu ua "patchwork mosaic".

Tam sim no, cov khoom siv tes ua no tsis raug suav tias yog ib txoj hauv kev tawm ntawm lub neej nyuaj. Nws tau dhau los ua daim duab kos duab. Lub expositions ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws xws li lub teb chaws USA, lub teb chaws Yelemees, Sweden, Switzerland, Australia muaj tag nrho cov collections ntawm cov khoom ua nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm patchwork txheej txheem - patchwork. Muaj xws li ib tug sau nyob rau hauv lub All-Lavxias Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Decorative, Applied thiab Folk Art.

Yog vim li cas rau cov tsos ntawm patchwork nyob rau hauv Russia yog, ntawm chav kawm, kev txom nyem. Los ntawm cov seem ntawm cov khaub ncaws qub, cov poj niam sim ua cov tshiab. Los yog ua lwm yam, xav tau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Cov khoom tau sewn, hloov kho, refurbished. Cov khoom seem tau txheeb xyuas: txhua yam uas tsim nyog rau kev xaws mus rau patchwork quilts, curtains; txoj hauv kev tau woven los ntawm cov uas hnav heev, terry ntaub pua plag tau sewn. "Me me" cov tub thiab cov ntxhais txog li yim xyoo tsis tas yuav tsum hnav khaub ncaws tshiab; lawv yuav tsum hloov cov khoom ntawm cov neeg laus hauv tsev neeg.

Txog rau thaum xyoo pua 18th, cov khaub ncaws hauv tebchaws Russia feem ntau yog ua los ntawm linen woven ntawm lub tsev weaving zeb. Kev ua haujlwm ntev thiab ua haujlwm hnyav, los ntawm kev loj hlob flax mus rau kev ua ntaub, ua rau ib qho khoom noj khoom haus. Yog li ntawd, ob qho tib si kev txiav ntawm pej xeem cov khaub ncaws thiab cov tswv yim ntawm nws sewing xav tias tsis siv cov khoom siv khib nyiab.

Zoo, thaum calico tshwm sim, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm patchwork tau pib. Pheej yig, tswv yim, muaj yeeb yuj fabrics tau eagerly siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv peasants, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub nroog cov tsev: lawv sewed khaub ncaws los ntawm lawv, thiab patchwork quilts los ntawm ntau yam xim. Sij hawm dhau mus, cov kab lig kev cai ntawm patchwork muab txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim khoom ntawm khaub ncaws thiab khoom siv hauv tsev. Thiab tsuas yog tsis tshua muaj neeg nyiam txuas ntxiv xaws patchwork quilts thiab weave cov ntaub pua plag muaj yeeb yuj.

Tam sim no patchwork yog rov qab rau hauv vogue. Yog tias koj ua qhov kev xaws no tiag, koj tuaj yeem ua cov khoom zoo, los ntawm cov ntaub pua plag thiab pam vov mus rau blouses, vests thiab tsho.

Patchwork cov khoom nyiam cov xim nrog lawv ntau yam thiab ntau xim. Lawv tsim nyog rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj hauv chav ua noj (npaj pam, qhov cub mitts, tablecloths), chav pw (pom hauv ncoo, pam vov, pov) los yog chav nyob (kho kom zoo nkauj vaj huam sib luag), thiab raws li cov khoom siv (lub hnab zoo nkauj, hnab nyiaj), los yog khaub ncaws (elegant lub caij ntuj sov suit los yog quilted tsho khuam.).

Ua tib zoo saib cov khoom qub, ntawm qhov seem ntawm lub tsho ntev ntev los yog tus menyuam hnav khaub ncaws. Los ntawm ci shreds, txiav willfully thiab boldly, koj muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug amazing abstract canvas, uas yuav phim qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev. Nws yuav dhau los ua cov ntsiab lus ntawm koj txoj kev khav theeb ncaj ncees. Thiab dawb khib ntawm koj lub peev xwm ntawm cov neeg uas tsis tau pom siv rau lawv cov stocks ntawm tsis tsim nyog rags.

Thiab yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam ntxiv nthuav, absorbing tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Yeem tab sis addicting heev. Batik, macrame, applique, birch bark weaving …

Hauv kuv lub tswv yim, qhov no yog txhua yam zoo dua li cov passites tshiab, sedatives, tshuaj thiab tranquilizers. Qhov no yog ib tug maj mam so thiab cozy silence … Qhov no yog roj rau agitated qab haus huv thiab ib txoj kev tawm ntawm lub feem ntau desperate xwm. Thiab tseem - qhov no yog kev xav ntawm kev tshoov siab, kev zoo siab. Nrhiav. Muaj tswv yim. Nws yog lub peev xwm ua kom muaj tswv yim uas txawv peb, tib neeg, los ntawm lwm yam tsiaj hauv ntiaj teb no.

Tsim thiab nrhiav …