Vim li cas thiaj xav tau kev hloov kho daim ntawv qhia hnub?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Feem ntau ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tau suav lub sijhawm rau plaub centuries siv daim ntawv qhia hnub hu ua Gregorian. Lub xyoo ntawm daim ntawv qhia hnub no muab faib ua 12 lub hlis thiab kav 365 hnub. Ib hnub ntxiv yog ntxiv txhua plaub xyoos. Xws li xyoo hu ua leap year. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov txav ntawm lub hnub thiab daim ntawv qhia hnub.

Lub tswv yim no tau qhia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th los ntawm Pope Gregory XIII raws li kev hloov kho ntawm Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub. Daim ntawv qhia hnub Gregorian feem ntau lees txais vim tias nws tsis tu ncua thiab yooj yim heev. Tiamsis yeej tsis yog li ntawd.

Vim li cas thiaj xav tau kev hloov kho daim ntawv qhia hnub?

Ua ntej kev saws me nyuam ntawm Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub, lwm qhov tau siv - Julian ib qho. Nws yog ze tshaj rau hnub solar calendar. Txij li thaum lub ntiaj teb xav tau me ntsis ntau tshaj li 365 hnub los ua ib lub kiv puag ncig ntawm lub hnub. Qhov sib txawv no tau offset los ntawm leap xyoo.

Nws yog ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo kawg thiab kev hloov pauv loj rau nws lub sijhawm, tab sis daim ntawv qhia hnub no tseem tsis tuaj yeem khav txog qhov tseeb. Lub hnub ua rau lub kiv puag ncig rau 11.5 feeb ntev dua. Tej zaum nws yuav zoo li ib qho me me, tab sis lub sij hawm tau maj mam sib sau ua ke. Xyoo dhau los, thiab los ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub yog ua ntej ntawm lub ntsiab luminary los ntawm yuav luag kaum ib hnub.

Caesar kho daim ntawv qhia hnub tsis meej pem

Lub Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub tau qhia los ntawm Roman Emperor Julius Caesar. Nws tshwm sim hauv 46 BC. Qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, tab sis kev sim kho qhov yuam kev ntawm lunisolar calendar, uas tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Roman tam sim no. Nws muaj 355 hnub, muab faib los ntawm 12 lub hlis, uas luv dua lub hnub ci xyoo los ntawm ntau npaum li 10 hnub. Txhawm rau kho qhov tsis sib xws, cov neeg Loos ntxiv 22 lossis 23 hnub rau txhua xyoo tom ntej. Ntawd yog, xyoo leap twb yog qhov tsim nyog. Yog li, lub xyoo hauv Rome tuaj yeem kav 355, 377 lossis 378 hnub.

Dab tsi yog qhov tsis yooj yim dua, hnub leap lossis hnub hu ua intercalary hnub tsis tau ntxiv raws li qee qhov system, tab sis tau txiav txim siab los ntawm tus pov thawj hlob ntawm College of Pontiffs. Ntawm no qhov tsis zoo tib neeg yam tuaj rau hauv kev ua si. Tus txiv plig, siv nws lub hwj chim dhau lub sijhawm, txuas ntxiv lossis luv lub xyoo hauv kev nrhiav cov hom phiaj ntawm tus kheej. Qhov kawg tshwm sim ntawm txhua qhov kev txaj muag no yog tias tus txiv neej Roman nyob hauv txoj kev tsis paub tias hnub twg nws yog.

Txhawm rau muab tag nrho daim ntawv qhia hnub chaos nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, Caesar tau hu rau cov kws tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov lej ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman. Nws twv lawv los tsim ib daim ntawv qhia hnub uas yuav synchronize nrog lub hnub nws tus kheej, tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam tib neeg. Raws li kev suav ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, lub xyoo kav 365 hnub thiab 6 teev. Caesar txoj haujlwm ua rau muaj 365-hnub daim ntawv qhia hnub nrog ib hnub ntxiv ntxiv txhua plaub xyoos. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau txhawm rau them nyiaj rau 6 teev poob txhua xyoo.

Kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub qhia meej tias nws yuav siv peb lub ntiaj teb 365 hnub, 5 teev, 48 feeb thiab 45 vib nas this mus ncig lub hnub ib zaug. Ntawd yog, daim ntawv qhia hnub ua tshiab kuj tsis raug. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov kev hloov pauv loj loj. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog piv rau daim ntawv qhia hnub uas twb muaj lawm, uas tsuas yog kev ntxhov siab xwb.

Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub

Julius Caesar xav tias xyoo tshiab raws li daim ntawv qhia hnub tshiab pib thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, thiab tsis yog lub Peb Hlis. Txog qhov kawg no, tus huab tais tau ntxiv tag nrho 67 hnub rau 46 BC. Vim li no, nws kav ntev li 445 hnub! Caesar tau tshaj tawm tias nws yog "xyoo kawg ntawm kev tsis meej pem", tab sis tib neeg tsuas yog hu nws tias "xyoo ntawm kev tsis meej pem" lossis kev tsis meej pem lub xyoo.

Raws li Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub, Xyoo Tshiab pib thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 45 BC. Tsuas yog ib xyoos tom qab, Julius Caesar raug tua nyob rau hauv kev koom tes. Nws tus phooj ywg-hauv-arms Mark Anthony, txhawm rau hwm lub cim xeeb ntawm tus thawj coj loj, hloov lub npe Roman lub hlis Quintilis rau Julius (Lub Xya Hli). Tom qab ntawd, hauv kev hwm ntawm lwm tus huab tais Roman, lub hlis ntawm sextilis tau hloov npe mus rau Lub Yim Hli.

Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub

Lub Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub yog yeej nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ib tug tiag tiag kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej. Nws qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tau pib tshwm sim dhau sijhawm. Raws li tau hais los saum no, los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, nws tau ua ntej ntawm lub hnub los ntawm yuav luag 11 hnub. Lub Koom Txoos Catholic tau txiav txim siab qhov no yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg uas yuav tsum tau kho. Qhov no tau ua tiav xyoo 1582. Tom qab ntawd Pope Gregory XIII tau tshaj tawm nws lub npe nrov bull Inter gravissimas - txog kev hloov mus rau ib daim ntawv qhia hnub tshiab. Nws hu ua Gregorian.

Raws li tsab cai no, xyoo 1582 cov neeg nyob hauv Rome tau mus pw thaum Lub Kaum Hli 4, thiab sawv ntxov hnub tom qab - Lub Kaum Hli 15. Kev suav cov hnub tau tsiv 10 hnub ua ntej, thiab hnub tom qab hnub Thursday, Lub Kaum Hli 4, tau raug txiav txim siab rau hnub Friday, tab sis tsis yog Lub Kaum Hli 5, tab sis Lub Kaum Hli 15. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm chronology tau tsim, uas lub equinox thiab tag nrho lub hli tau rov qab los thiab yav tom ntej yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov mus rau lub sijhawm.

Qhov teeb meem nyuaj tau daws tau ua tsaug rau qhov project ntawm Italian kws kho mob, astronomer thiab lej Luigi Lillio. Nws hais kom muab pov tseg 3 hnub txhua 400 xyoo. Yog li, tsis yog ib puas hnub leap rau txhua 400 xyoo nyob rau hauv Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub, muaj 97 ntawm lawv tshuav nyob rau hauv Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub. ntawm ntau pua tus uas tsis sib npaug los ntawm 4. Cov xyoo no, tshwj xeeb, yog 1700, 1800 thiab 1900.

Daim ntawv qhia hnub tshiab tau nthuav tawm maj mam hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Nws tau los ua feem ntau txais los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Yuav luag txhua tus siv nws. Nyob rau hauv Russia, nws tau qhia tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig los ntawm tsab cai ntawm Council of People's Commissars ntawm RSFSR ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 24, 1918. Daim ntawv qhia hnub Gregorian tau hu ua "tshiab style", thiab Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub - "qub style".