Cov txheej txheem:

Lub neej ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Stalin tau txhim kho li cas?
Lub neej ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Stalin tau txhim kho li cas?

Video: Lub neej ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Stalin tau txhim kho li cas?

Video: Lub neej ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Stalin tau txhim kho li cas?
Video: Russia On The Verge Of Collapse! The US Is Ready to Operate Weapons of Destruction To Defeat Russia 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Tus kav muaj ob tug poj niam, peb tug me nyuam thiab ib tug saws. Tus cwj pwm ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv rau "tus thawj coj" yog qhov txawv: qee tus zoo siab rau lawv cov txheeb ze, lwm tus tau nkaum.

Yauxej Dzhugashvili (Stalin lub npe tiag tiag, nyeem zaj dab neeg ntawm lub npe ntawm no) muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog nws niam: nws nyob ib puag ncig nws nrog kev hlub, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav tau nyiaj los muab rau nws tus tub, thiab xav kom nws los ua pov thawj. Leej txiv haus cawv ntau, ntaus nws tus tub thiab tus poj niam. Cov kws sau keeb kwm koom nrog cov kev sib tw no nrog rau yav tom ntej kev lim hiam tsis txaus ntseeg uas Stalin tau qhia ob qho tib si rau cov neeg hlub thiab nws cov neeg.

Tsis hlub tus tub hlob thiab tus tub xeeb ntxwv Stalinist

Stalin thawj tus poj niam, Ekaterina Svanidze
Stalin thawj tus poj niam, Ekaterina Svanidze

Thawj tus poj niam ntawm Yauxej yog tus poj niam ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab hnav khaub ncaws Ekaterina Svanidze. Lub neej yav tom ntej "tus thawj coj ntawm haiv neeg" hlub nws heev, tab sis thaum muaj hnub nyoog 22 xyoos nws tuag los ntawm typhus. Cov kws sau keeb kwm ntseeg tias nws txoj kev tawm mus tiag tiag ua rau Stalin. Cov txheeb ze ntawm Catherine tau hais tias thaum lub ntees tuag nws "tsis nco qab thiab nws dhia mus rau hauv lub ntxa tom qab lub hleb ntawm nws tus hlub Kato."

Tom qab nws tuag, Stalin tau mob siab rau nws tus kheej rau kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus tub muaj yim hli. Yakova Dzhugashvilicoj Catherine tus phauj. Thawj thawj zaug ntawm lub hnub nyoog tsis nco qab, Yakov pom nws txiv tsuas yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14 xyoos, thaum nws tuaj rau nws los ntawm Georgia mus rau Moscow. Tab sis lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo tsis ua haujlwm. Stalin twb muaj lwm tsev neeg - nws yuav Nadezhda Alliluyeva. Cov keeb kwm ntseeg tias Yakov nco txog Stalin ntawm nws tus hlub Kato, thiab qhov no ua rau nws ntxhov siab. Raws li qhov tseeb hais tias Yakov tsis tuaj yeem hais lus Lavxias, nws txaj muag thiab taciturn.

Yakov thaum ntxov sib yuav tus ntxhais ntawm ib tug pov thawj - Stalin tawm tsam no union. Tom qab Yakhauj qhov kev sim tua tus kheej ua tsis tiav, nws txiv pib saib tsis taus nws thiab tsis xav muaj dab tsi ntxiv. Stalin hais tias Yakov mus tua thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, thiab twb nyob rau lub Yim Hli 1941 nws tus tub raug kaw los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab siv ob xyoos nyob rau hauv cov chaw pw hav zoov.

Stalin tus tub, Yakov Dzhugashvili, nyob rau hauv German captivity, 1942
Stalin tus tub, Yakov Dzhugashvili, nyob rau hauv German captivity, 1942

Raws li ib qho ntawm cov lus dab neeg, German kev coj noj coj ua tau muab rau Stalin tso Yakov hauv kev pauv rau Field Marshal Paulus, thiab tom qab ntawd Stalin tau hais cov lus dab neeg hais tias: "Kuv tsis hloov tub rog rau tub rog tub rog." Yakov tuag nyob rau hauv lub camp nyob rau hauv tsis meej xwm.

Yakhauj tshuav peb tug menyuam los ntawm cov pojniam sib txawv. Tus ntxhais ntawm nws thawj tus poj niam tuag thaum yau, ob tug ciaj sia mus rau neeg laus. Nyob rau hauv 1936, ib tug tub yug los ntawm ib tug pej xeem sib yuav nrog Olga Golysheva (ib tug phooj ywg ntawm Stalin tus poj niam Alliluyeva). Evgeny Dzhugashvili … Nws tau los ua tub rog keeb kwm, koom nrog ntau cov ntawv sau txog Stalin, yog ib tus neeg mob siab rau Stalinist. Nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab tuag nyob rau hauv 2013.

Yakov tus tub, Evgeny Dzhugashvili, 1999
Yakov tus tub, Evgeny Dzhugashvili, 1999

Nws muaj ob tug me nyuam - Vissarion (yug xyoo 1965) thiab Yakhauj (yug xyoo 1972). Me ntsis paub txog lawv. Lawv muaj txoj sia nyob, Vissarion ua haujlwm ua tus thawj coj thiab raws li qee qhov chaw nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas, qhov chaw nws thov kom muaj kev ywj pheej ywj pheej tom qab nws raug ntaus hauv Georgia.

Evgeny Dzhugashvili nrog nws tus tub Vissarion thiab tus tub xeeb ntxwv Yauxej hauv Tbilisi, 1995
Evgeny Dzhugashvili nrog nws tus tub Vissarion thiab tus tub xeeb ntxwv Yauxej hauv Tbilisi, 1995

Yakhauj yog ib tug kws kos duab, nyob hauv Georgia. Nyob rau hauv 2006, Yakov hais kom Vladimir Putin los soj ntsuam cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tuag ntawm nws yawm txiv yawg Joseph Stalin, nws ntseeg hais tias cov nom tswv tawm tsam tau tua nws.

Tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Yauxej Stalin, tus kws kos duab Yakov Dzhugashvili thaum qhib nws tus kheej exhibition hauv Tbilisi, 2005
Tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Yauxej Stalin, tus kws kos duab Yakov Dzhugashvili thaum qhib nws tus kheej exhibition hauv Tbilisi, 2005

Xyoo 1938, los ntawm ib tug poj niam tshiab, ballerina Judith Meltzer, Yakhauj muaj ib tug ntxhais. Galina Dzhugashvili … Nws yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb, kawm ntawv nyeem hauv Algeria, sib yuav ib tug Algerian thiab UN tus neeg ua haujlwm Hussein bin Saad.

Stalin tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv Galina Dzhugashvili hauv xyoo 2003
Stalin tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv Galina Dzhugashvili hauv xyoo 2003

Galina tau sau ib phau ntawv memoirs txog nws tsev neeg "Tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus Thawj Coj", thiab tuag hauv 2007. Xyoo 1971, nws tus tub Selim Bensaad yug. Nws tseem nyob hauv Moscow hauv chav tsev ntawm nws yawg Yakov.

Stalin tus tub xeeb ntxwv, Selim Bensaad
Stalin tus tub xeeb ntxwv, Selim Bensaad

Vasily thiab nws cov xeeb ntxwv

Nyob rau hauv 1918, 40-xyoo-laus Stalin sib yuav tus ntxhais ntawm nws revolutionary comrade-in-arms, 17-xyoo-laus Nadezhda Alliluyeva. Lawv muaj ib tug tub nyob rau hauv 1921 Vasily Stalin … Nws tau los ua tus kws tsav dav hlau thiab dav hlau dav hlau, tus txiv neej muaj zog.

Stalin tus poj niam thib ob Nadezhda Alliluyeva nrog lawv tus tub Vasily, 1922
Stalin tus poj niam thib ob Nadezhda Alliluyeva nrog lawv tus tub Vasily, 1922

Tsis zoo li Yakov thiab nws cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv, Vasily tau sau npe rau Stalin. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab nws txiv tuag, nws qhov xwm txheej hnyav zuj zus - nws raug rho tawm ntawm cov tub rog, raug kaw, thiab tom qab ntawd raug ntiab tawm mus rau Kazan thiab txwv tsis pub nyob hauv Moscow. Nws txawm raug yuam kom hloov nws lub npe mus rau Dzhugashvili. Vasily tsim txom cawv thiab, raws li official version, tuag los ntawm cawv lom (nws tus poj niam kawg tsis ntseeg qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ua rau tuag).

Stalin tus tub, Vasily (txoj cai)
Stalin tus tub, Vasily (txoj cai)

Vasily muaj plaub tug me nyuam ntawm nws tus kheej, yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yug lub xeem Stalin. Me ntsis paub txog lawv - nws tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv Anastasia los ntawm nws tus ntxhais Nadezhda tseem muaj sia nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd, Vasily tau txais ib tug ntxhais ntawm peb tus poj niam thiab ob tug ntxhais ntawm tus poj niam thib plaub - lawv tag nrho yug lub npe Dzhugashvili.

Duab
Duab

Tus nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Vasily cov me nyuam yog nws tus tub Alexander Burdonsky (1941-2017), thawj coj thiab ua yeeb yam. Nws yog tib tug uas hloov nws lub xeem lub npe nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj mus nrhiav kev kos duab thiab tau ntau xyoo ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Moscow theaters thiab qhia. Raws li qee qhov chaw, thaum nws tseem hluas, nws muaj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau nws yawg, tab sis tom qab ntawd "pom qhov ntsuas ntawm nws tus cwj pwm."

Tus thawj coj theem ntawm Central Academic Theatre ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog thiab Stalin tus tub xeeb ntxwv, Alexander Burdonsky, 2013
Tus thawj coj theem ntawm Central Academic Theatre ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog thiab Stalin tus tub xeeb ntxwv, Alexander Burdonsky, 2013

Txawm li cas los xij, nws thuam tus cwj pwm "fanatical" rau yawg ntawm nws tus npawg Evgeny Dzhugashvili (Yakov tus tub), uas tsis lees paub qhov kev ua txhaum cai uas nws tau ua. Nws tsis muaj menyuam.

Tus ntxhais uas hlub Svetlana, uas tau khiav mus rau sab hnub poob

Svetlana Alliluyeva, 1970
Svetlana Alliluyeva, 1970

Tus menyuam thib ob los ntawm Nadezhda Alliluyeva yog Svetlanaleej twg coj niam lub xeem. Nws yug los hauv 1926 thiab tsuas yog 6 xyoo thaum nws niam tua tus kheej (nyeem ntxiv ntawm no). Xyoo 1967, Svetlana tau khiav tawm ntawm USSR thiab nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Twb tau nyob rau hauv kev tsiv teb tsaws, nws tau sau ib phau ntawv hais txog nws tsev neeg "Neeg Num Tsab Ntawv rau Ib Tug Phooj Ywg", uas nws tau mob siab rau nws niam, sim rov tsim nws tus cwj pwm thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog nws tus txiv los ntawm kev nco qab ntawm cov phooj ywg. Phau ntawv no tau dhau los ua ib tus neeg muag khoom zoo tshaj plaws thiab coj nws mus rau nyiaj txiag ntau, uas nws muaj peev xwm nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas mus txog rau thaum kawg ntawm nws hnub.

Svetlana muaj ob peb tus txiv. Los ntawm nws thawj zaug sib yuav, nws muaj ib tug tub, Joseph Alliluyev (1945-2008), uas tau los ua ib tug kws phais plawv. Nws tus tub Ilya Voznesensky (b. 1970) yog ib tug kws kes duab vajtse.

Los ntawm kev sib yuav nrog Yuri Zhdanov, nws muaj ib tug ntxhais, Ekaterina (b. 1950). Thaum nws niam tsiv teb tsaws chaw, nws tau tso tseg kev sib raug zoo ntawm tsev neeg thiab tsis sib txuas lus nrog nws. Tam sim no nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug volcanologist, nyob rau hauv ib lub zos nyob rau hauv Kamchatka, tsis kam sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg sau xov xwm thiab tsis kam lees nws kev koom tes nyob rau hauv Alliluyeva.

Stalin cov xeeb ntxwv los ntawm Svetlana: Ekaterina Zhdanova thiab Joseph Alliluyev
Stalin cov xeeb ntxwv los ntawm Svetlana: Ekaterina Zhdanova thiab Joseph Alliluyev

Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Alliluyeva tau sib yuav William Peters thiab yug tau ib tug ntxhais, Olga Peters (b. 1971), uas tom qab ntawd hloov nws lub npe rau Chris Evans.

Pom zoo: