Kev xam phaj nrog ib tug Soviet tankman uas tawm tsam ntawm cov koom haum tso tsheb hlau luam

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog xyoo, Dmitry Fedorovich Loza yog ib tug tanker, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau sib ntaus sib tua tsis nyob rau hauv domestic tsheb, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm cov phooj ywg, uas nws paub kiag li txhua yam.

- Dmitry Fedorovich, ntawm dab tsi American tso tsheb hlau luam koj tua?

- Ntawm Shermans, peb hu lawv Emchi - los ntawm M4. Thaum xub thawj muaj ib rab phom luv luv rau ntawm lawv, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv pib tuaj nrog lub thoob ntev thiab nres nres. Ntawm daim ntawv pem hauv ntej lawv muaj kev txhawb nqa los kho lub thoob thaum lub Peb Hlis. Feem ntau, lub tsheb yog zoo, tab sis, nrog nws pluses thiab minuses. Thaum lawv hais li ntawd, lawv hais tias, lub tank tsis zoo - Kuv teb, zam txim rau kuv! Phem piv rau dab tsi?

- Dmitry Fedorovich, koj puas tsuas muaj tsheb Asmeskas hauv koj lub tsev?

- Lub Sixth Panzer Army tau tawm tsam hauv Ukraine, Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia thiab Austria, thiab ua tiav hauv Czechoslovakia. Thiab tom qab ntawd peb tau hloov mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab peb tau tawm tsam Nyij Pooj. Cia kuv nco ntsoov koj tias cov tub rog muaj ob lub tub rog: 5th Guards Tank Stalingrad Corps, nws tau tawm tsam ntawm peb T-34s, thiab 5th Mechanized Corps, qhov uas kuv tau ua haujlwm. Txog xyoo 1943, cov tub rog British ntawm Matilda thiab Valentine tau nyob hauv lub koom haum no. Cov Askiv tau muab rau peb nrog Matilda, Valentines thiab Churchillies.

- Koj puas tau xa Churchill tom qab?

- Yog lawm, tom qab, thiab tom qab xyoo 1943, peb tau tso tseg cov tso tsheb hlau luam tag nrho vim tias muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg loj heev tuaj txog. Tshwj xeeb, lub tank no muaj txog 12-14 hp ib tuj ntawm qhov hnyav, thiab twb tau txiav txim siab rau lub tank ib txwm muaj 18-20 hp. Ntawm peb hom tso tsheb hlau luam, qhov zoo tshaj plaws, Canadian-ua, Valentine. Cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nws tau nruab nrog 57-mm ntev-barreled cannon. Los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 1943 peb hloov mus rau American Sherman. Tom qab kev ua haujlwm Kishinev, peb cov tub rog tau dhau los ua 9 Tus Saib Xyuas. Kuv yuav ntxiv txog cov qauv - txhua lub corps muaj plaub brigades. Peb lub koom haum kho tshuab muaj peb lub tshuab tub rog thiab ib lub tank tub rog uas kuv tau tawm tsam, thaum lub tank corps muaj peb lub tank brigades thiab ib rab phom loj loj. Yog li, txij li thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1943, Shermans tau raug teeb tsa hauv peb pab tub rog.

- Tab sis cov tub rog Askiv tsis tau thim rov qab, lawv tau tawm tsam kom txog thaum kawg, uas yog, muaj lub sijhawm uas koj cov tub rog muaj cov khoom sib xyaw - ob leeg Askiv thiab Asmeskas. Puas muaj teeb meem ntxiv txog kev muaj xws li ntau lub tsheb los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws? Piv txwv li, nrog cov khoom siv, kho?

Muaj ib txwm muaj teeb meem kev xa khoom, tab sis qhov tseeb, Matilda yog lub tank shitty, zoo kawg nkaus! Kuv xav hais txog ib qho shortcoming. Qee lub taub hau tsis zoo nyob rau hauv Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm General tau npaj ua haujlwm hauv txoj hauv kev uas peb cov tub rog raug pov rau hauv Yelnya, Smolensk thiab Roslavl. Qhov chaw muaj ntoo thiab swampy, uas yog, qias neeg. Thiab Matilda, lub tank nrog bulwarks, tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm hauv suab puam. Nws yog qhov zoo nyob rau hauv cov suab puam - cov xuab zeb tau nchuav tawm, thiab hauv peb lub tebchaws cov av nkos tau ntim rau hauv lub chassis ntawm kab ntsig thiab cov bulwark. Matilda muaj lub gearbox (gearbox) nrog lub servo mechanism rau kev yooj yim ntawm cov iav hloov. Hauv peb cov xwm txheej, nws tau dhau los ua tsis muaj zog thiab tsis tu ncua overheating thiab tawm ntawm kev txiav txim. Twb tau, xyoo 1943, cov neeg Askiv tau kho tag nrho, uas yog, qhov chaw kuaj xyuas tau tawg - koj tau tshem plaub lub bolts, nqis nrog lub thawv, muab ib qho tshiab thiab tsav tsheb tawm. Thiab peb yeej tsis ua haujlwm li ntawd. Nyob rau hauv kuv battalion yog Sergeant Major Nesterov, yav tas los collective ua liaj ua teb-tsheb laij teb tsav tsheb, nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm ib tug battalion mechanics. Feem ntau, txhua lub tuam txhab muaj ib tug kws kho tsheb, thiab qhov no yog rau tag nrho cov battalion. Peb kuj muaj ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tuam txhab lus Askiv nyob rau hauv peb corps uas tsim cov tso tsheb hlau luam, tab sis kuv tsis nco qab kuv lub xeem. Kuv tau sau nws cia, tab sis tom qab kuv raug tshem tawm, txhua yam hauv kuv lub tank tau hlawv, nrog rau cov duab, cov ntaub ntawv, thiab phau ntawv sau. Nyob rau pem hauv ntej, nws yog txwv tsis pub khaws cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuv khaws cia rau ntawm sly. Yog li, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tuam txhab tsis tu ncua cuam tshuam nrog peb los kho tus kheej ntawm lub tank. Nws hais tias, "Qhov no yog lub Hoobkas foob, koj tuaj yeem xaiv tsis tau!" Ntawd yog, pov tseg lub tsev thiab muab tso rau ib qho tshiab. Peb yuav ua li cas? Peb yuav tsum kho lub tank. Nesterov muaj tag nrho cov gearboxes kho tau yooj yim. Ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tuam txhab ib zaug mus cuag Nesterov, "Lub tsev kawm ntawv twg koj kawm nyob rau hauv?"

Lub Sherman tau zoo dua nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ruaj ntseg. Koj puas paub tias ib tug ntawm Sherman tus tsim qauv yog Lavxias teb sab engineer Timoshenko? Nov yog qee yam ntawm cov txheeb ze nyob deb ntawm Marshal S. K. Timoshenko.

Lub siab nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus yog ib tug loj drawback rau Sherman. Lub tank feem ntau tipped ntawm nws sab, zoo li tus menyuam roj hmab zes. Nws yog ua tsaug rau qhov tsis zoo no uas kuv yuav muaj sia nyob. Peb tau tawm tsam hauv Hungary thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1944. Kuv tab tom ua lub battalion, thiab, thaum tig, kuv tus neeg tsav tsheb tsoo lub tsheb ntawm txoj kev taug kev. Yog li ntawd lub tank overturned. Yog lawm, peb tau ua txhaum, tab sis peb muaj sia nyob. Thiab lwm plaub ntawm kuv lub tank mus ua ntej thiab hlawv lawv nyob ntawd.

- Dmitry Fedorovich, Sherman muaj roj hmab-hlau khiav. Qee cov kws sau ntawv niaj hnub taw qhia qhov no yog qhov tsis zoo, txij li thaum sib ntaus sib tua cov roj hmab tuaj yeem hlawv tawm, tom qab ntawd tus kab ntsig poob sib nrug thiab lub tank nres. Koj tuaj yeem hais li cas txog qhov no?

- Ntawm ib sab, xws li kab ntsig yog qhov loj ntxiv. Ua ntej, qhov kev taug qab no muaj ob zaug lub neej ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide. Kuv ntshai ua yuam kev, tab sis, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm T-34 lem yog 2,500 kilometers. Kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm Sherman txoj kev sib txuas yog tshaj 5,000 mais. Qhov thib ob, Sherman taug kev raws txoj kev loj xws li lub tsheb, thiab peb T-34 rumbles nrov nrov uas lub ntuj raug txim paub ntau npaum li cas kilometers koj hnov. Thiab dab tsi yog qhov tsis zoo? Muaj ib tsab ntawv hauv kuv phau ntawv Commanding the Red Army's Sherman Tanks hu ua Barefoot. Nyob ntawd kuv tau piav txog qhov xwm txheej uas tshwm sim rau peb thaum Lub Yim Hli 1944 hauv Romania, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm Iasso-Kishinev. Thaum tshav kub kub yog txaus ntshai, qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm + 30 degrees. Tom qab ntawd peb taug kev mus txog 100 km raws txoj kev loj ib hnub. Cov log tsheb roj hmab ntawm cov chais tau kub heev uas cov roj hmab tau yaj thiab ya mus rau hauv 'meter' ntev daim. Thiab tsis deb ntawm Bucharest, peb lub nkoj tau sawv: cov roj hmab ya mus ncig, cov menyuam yaus pib kaw, muaj lub suab sib tsoo txaus ntshai, thiab thaum kawg peb nres. Qhov no tau ceeb toom sai rau Moscow: puas yog qhov tso dag? Qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, tag nrho lub cev sawv! Tab sis cov tshiab rollers tau coj tuaj rau peb sai heev thiab peb hloov lawv rau peb hnub. Kuv tsis paub qhov twg lawv tuaj yeem pom ntau qhov dej khov hauv lub sijhawm luv luv?

Lwm qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov roj hmab khiav: txawm tias muaj qhov dej khov me ntsis, lub tank ua zoo li nyuj ntawm dej khov. Tom qab ntawd peb yuav tsum tau khi cov lem nrog hlau, chains, rauj bolts nyob rau hauv muaj, yog li ntawd peb yuav tau caij caij. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog tshwm sim nrog thawj pawg ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Pom qhov no, tus neeg sawv cev Asmeskas tau tshaj tawm qhov no rau lub tuam txhab, thiab cov kab txuas ntxiv ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tuaj txog nrog cov txheej txheem ntxiv nrog cov grousers thiab spikes. Muaj, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, xya lugs ib txoj kev, uas yog, tsuas yog 14 ib lub tank. Lawv nyob hauv lub thawv khoom seem. Feem ntau, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg Amelikas tau txhais tau zoo, txhua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tau raug tshem tawm sai heev.

Lwm qhov tsis zoo ntawm Sherman yog qhov tsim ntawm tus tsav tsheb hatch. Rau cov Shermans ntawm thawj batch, no hatch, nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev ntawm lub hull, yooj yim folded mus rau sab. Tus neeg tsav tsheb tau qhib nws nquag, ua rau nws lub taub hau tawm kom nws pom zoo dua. Yog li peb muaj rooj plaub thaum, thaum tig tus pej thuam, rab phom tau kov lub hatch thiab, ntog, nws twisted tus neeg tsav tsheb lub caj dab. Peb tau muaj ib lossis ob qhov xwm txheej zoo li no. Tom qab ntawd nws tau raug tshem tawm thiab lub hatch raug tshem tawm thiab tsuas yog txav mus rau sab, zoo li ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam niaj hnub.

Sherman muaj ib lub log tsav nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, uas yog, lub kiv cua ncej mus los ntawm tag nrho cov tank, los ntawm lub cav mus rau lub checkpoint. Ntawm peb caug plaub, txhua tus sawv ntawm ib sab. Lwm qhov loj ntxiv rau Sherman yog qhov rov ua dua ntawm cov roj teeb. Ntawm peb caug plaub, kom them lub roj teeb, peb yuav tsum tau tsav lub cav kom muaj zog, tag nrho 500 tus nees. Sherman tau them roj av taug kev-qab tsheb laij teb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, me me li maus taus. Kuv pib nws - thiab nws them koj lub roj teeb. Nws yog ib qho zoo rau peb!

Tom qab tsov rog, kuv tab tom nrhiav lo lus teb rau ib lo lus nug tau ntev. Yog tias T-34 ntes tau hluav taws, ces peb sim khiav tawm ntawm nws, txawm tias qhov no tau txwv. Cov mos txwv tawg. Rau qee lub sijhawm, txij li ib hlis thiab ib nrab, kuv tau tawm tsam hauv T-34, ze Smolensk. Lawv tsoo tus thawj coj ntawm ib lub tuam txhab ntawm peb lub battalion. Cov neeg coob tau dhia tawm ntawm lub tank thiab cov Germans jammed lawv nrog rab phom tua hluav taws. Lawv pw nyob rau hauv lub buckwheat, thiab lub sij hawm ntawd lub tank tawg. Thaum tsaus ntuj, thaum kev sib ntaus sib tua tuag lawm, peb los ze lawv. Kuv ntsia, tus thawj coj tau dag, thiab ib daim armor tsoo nws lub taub hau. Tab sis thaum Sherman hlawv, lub plhaub tsis tawg. Yog vim li cas?

Ib zaug hauv Ukraine muaj qhov xwm txheej zoo li no. Kuv tau raug tsa ib ntus los ua tus thawj coj ntawm battalion cov khoom siv phom loj. Kov peb lub tank. Peb dhia tawm ntawm nws, thiab cov Germans tuav peb nrog hnyav mortar hluav taws. Peb nce hauv qab lub tank, thiab nws tau txais hluav taws. Ntawm no peb dag thiab tsis muaj qhov twg mus. Thiab qhov twg? Hauv teb? Nyob ntawd, cov neeg German ntawm qhov siab siab tua txhua yam ntawm rab phom tshuab thiab mortars. Peb pw tsaug zog. Twb nyob tom qab lub tshav kub ci. Lub tank yog hluav taws kub. Peb xav tias, txhua yam, tam sim no nws yuav dhau mus thiab yuav muaj qhov ntxa loj. Hnov, nyob rau hauv lub pej thuam boom boom boom! Yog, qhov no yog armor-piercing knocks tawm ntawm lub casings: lawv yog unitary. Tam sim no qhov hluav taws yuav ncav cuag qhov tawg thiab yuav ua li cas nws gasp! Tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim. Yog vim li cas? Vim li cas peb cov cuab yeej fragmentation tawg, tab sis cov neeg Asmeskas tsis ua? Nyob rau hauv luv luv, nws muab tawm hais tias cov neeg Amelikas muaj ib tug huv explosives, thiab peb muaj ib co yam khoom uas ua rau kom lub zog ntawm qhov tawg los ntawm ib tug thiab ib nrab lub sij hawm, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm ib tug mos txwv explosions.

Nws suav hais tias yog qhov zoo dua uas Sherman tau pleev xim zoo heev los ntawm sab hauv. Puas yog li ntawd?

- Zoo - uas tsis yog lo lus zoo! Zoo kawg! Nws yog ib yam dab tsi rau peb thaum ntawd. Raws li lawv hais tam sim no - kho dua tshiab! Nws yog qee yam ntawm cov tsev apartment euro! Ua ntej, nws tau pleev xim zoo nkauj. Qhov thib ob, cov rooj zaum xis nyob, lawv tau them nrog qee qhov tshwj xeeb zoo nkauj leatherette. Yog tias koj lub tank puas lawm, ces nws tsim nyog tawm hauv lub tank tsis muaj neeg saib xyuas rau ob peb feeb, vim tias cov tub rog tau txiav tawm tag nrho cov tawv tawv. Thiab tag nrho vim tias khau looj plab hlaub tau sewn los ntawm nws! Tsuas yog qhov pom kev zoo nkauj!

- Dmitry Fedorovich, koj xav li cas txog cov Germans? Yuav ua li cas yog fascists thiab invaders los yog tsis?

- Thaum nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj, nrog riam phom nyob rau hauv tes, yog ib tug German thiab cov lus nug yog leej twg yuav yeej, ces tsuas muaj ib tug cwj pwm - tus yeeb ncuab. Thaum nws pov nws riam phom los yog coj nws mus kaw, tus cwj pwm txawv kiag li. Kuv tsis tau mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, tab sis nyob rau hauv Hungary muaj xws li ib rooj plaub. Peb muaj lub rooj sib tham German trophy. Peb tsoo hauv ib kem mus rau tom qab ntawm Germans thaum hmo ntuj. Peb tab tom tsav tsheb raws txoj kev loj, thiab peb lub rooj sib tham tau poob qab. Thiab ntawm no peb tau koom nrog tib lub rooj sib tham nrog cov Germans. Pawg nres tom qab qee qhov laj thawj. Kuv mus, xyuas cov kab hauv ib txwm ua: "Puas yog txhua yam zoo?" - txhua yam zoo. Kuv mus rau lub tsheb kawg, nug "Sasha, puas yog txhua yam zoo?", thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd "Yog?" Muaj dab tsi tshwm sim? Cov neeg German! Kuv tam sim ntawd dhia mus rau sab thiab qw "Germans!" Peb ncig lawv. Muaj ib tug neeg tsav tsheb thiab ob tug lwm tus. Lawv disarmed lawv, thiab ntawm no peb lub rooj sib tham rolls. Kuv hais tias, "Sasha, koj nyob qhov twg?"

Yog li tsuav yog ib tug German muaj riam phom - nws yog kuv tus yeeb ncuab, thiab tsis muaj riam phom, nws yog tib neeg.

- Qhov ntawd yog, tsis muaj kev ntxub ntxaug li ntawd?

- Tau kawg tsis. Peb nkag siab tias lawv yog tib neeg, thiab ntau tus yog tib cov tub qhe.

- Koj txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov pej xeem pej xeem zoo li cas?

- Thaum lub Peb Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1944, 2nd Ukrainian Front mus txog ciam teb nrog Romania, peb nres, thiab txij lub Peb Hlis mus txog Lub Yim Hli, pem hauv ntej tau ruaj khov. Raws li txoj cai ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, tag nrho cov pej xeem pej xeem yuav tsum raug ntiab tawm ntawm 100-kilometer pem hauv ntej kab. Thiab tib neeg twb tau cog zaub ua teb lawm. Thiab tom qab ntawd hauv xov tooj cua lawv tshaj tawm qhov kev tshem tawm, tag kis lawv coj mus los. Moldovans clutches lawv lub taub hau nrog kua muag - yuav ua li cas ua tau? Pov kev lag luam! Thiab thaum lawv rov qab los, dab tsi yuav nyob ntawm no? Tab sis lawv tau khiav tawm. Yog li ntawd tsis muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov neeg hauv zos. Thiab tom qab ntawd kuv tseem yog tus thawj coj ntawm battalion cov khoom siv phom loj. Tus thawj tub rog hu kuv thiab hais tias "Loza, koj puas yog neeg ua liaj ua teb?" kuv hais yog lawm os.“Yog le ntawd, kuv tsaa koj ua ib tug thawjcoj, kuas txhua lub tebchaws kws muaj nroj tsuag, txhua yaam huvsw, hab lwm yaam huvsw, hab Vaajtswv txwv tsi xob moog khaws ib tug dib! Yog le ntawd, tsi xob kov le, yog koj xaav tau. cog rau koj tus kheej." Cov tub rog tau teeb tsa, hauv kuv cov tub rog muaj 25 tus neeg. Tag nrho lub caij ntuj sov peb saib tom qab lub vaj zaub, thiab thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, thaum cov tub rog tawm mus, lawv hais kom peb caw tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm pawg ua liaj ua teb, cov neeg sawv cev, thiab peb tau muab tag nrho cov teb thiab cov zaub vaj zaub rau lawv raws li txoj cai. Thaum tus poj niam ntawm lub tsev uas kuv nyob tau rov qab los, nws tam sim ntawd khiav mus rau lub vaj thiab … tau dumbfounded. Thiab muaj - thiab cov taub loj loj, thiab txiv lws suav thiab cov txiv lws suav … Nws tau khiav rov qab, poob ntawm kuv txhais taw thiab pib hnia kuv khau "Me tub! Yog li ntawd peb xav tias txhua yam yog khoob, tawg. Tab sis nws tig tawm tias peb muaj txhua yam, nws tsuas yog nyob rau sau! " Nov yog ib qho piv txwv uas peb tau kho peb cov pej xeem.

Thaum tsov rog, cov tshuaj ua haujlwm zoo, tab sis muaj ib rooj plaub uas cov kws kho mob yuav tsum tau muab dai! Cov txiv neej, Romania tsuas yog venereal cesspool thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe! Muaj ib lo lus hais tias "Yog koj muaj 100 leej, ces muaj tsawg kawg yog vaj!" Thaum peb raug ntes los ntawm cov neeg German, lawv txhua tus muaj ob peb lub hnab looj hauv lawv lub hnab, tsib mus rau kaum ntawm lawv. Peb cov neeg ua haujlwm nom tswv ntxhov siab "Koj pom! Lawv muaj nws los rape peb cov poj niam!" Thiab cov neeg German tau ntse dua peb thiab nkag siab tias tus kab mob venereal yog dab tsi. Thiab peb cov kws kho mob tsawg kawg tau ceeb toom txog cov kab mob no! Peb dhau los ntawm Romania sai sai, tab sis peb muaj qhov tshwm sim txaus ntshai ntawm cov kab mob venereal. Feem ntau, muaj ob lub tsev kho mob hauv tub rog: phais thiab DLR (rau qhov mob me me). Yog li ntawd, cov kws kho mob raug yuam kom qhib lub chaw saib xyuas venereal, txawm hais tias qhov no tsis tau muab los ntawm lub xeev.

Peb ua li cas kho cov neeg Hungarian? Thaum peb nkag mus hauv Hungary thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1944, peb pom cov kev sib haum xeeb khoob. Qee lub sij hawm koj mus rau hauv ib lub tsev, qhov cub hluav taws, ib yam dab tsi ua rau nws, tab sis tsis muaj ib tus neeg nyob hauv tsev. Kuv nco qab hauv qee lub nroog, ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev muaj ib daim ntawv loj loj nrog daim duab ntawm ib tug tub rog Lavxias teb sab rau tus menyuam yaus. Qhov ntawd yog, lawv ntshai heev uas lawv khiav tau deb, lawv khiav tawm! Lawv tso tag nrho lawv tsev neeg. Thiab tom qab ntawd, dhau sij hawm, lawv pib nkag siab tias tag nrho cov no tsis muaj tseeb thiab kev tshaj tawm, lawv pib rov qab los.

Kuv nco qab tias peb tau sawv nyob rau sab qaum teb Hungary, ntawm ciam teb nrog Czechoslovakia. Tom qab ntawd kuv twb yog tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog. Thaum sawv ntxov lawv qhia rau kuv tias: ntawm no ib tug poj niam Magyark mus rau tom tsev noj mov thaum hmo ntuj. Thiab peb muaj cov tub ceev xwm tawm tsam hauv peb cov tub rog. Smershevtsy. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv lub tank rog, muaj ib tug smershevets nyob rau hauv txhua txhua tank battalion, thiab nyob rau hauv lub infantry tsuas yog los ntawm cov tub rog thiab saum toj no. Kuv hais rau kuv tus khub, tuaj, cia peb mus! Lawv tso dag nyob rau hauv lub barn. Pom ib tug hluas nkauj 18-19 xyoo. Lawv rub nws tawm ntawm qhov ntawd, thiab nws twb npog hauv pob khaus, nws mob khaub thuas. Tus poj niam Magyark no los kua muag, nws xav tias, tam sim no peb yuav rape tus ntxhais no. "Zoo, tsis muaj leej twg yuav kov nws nrog tus ntiv tes! Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, peb yuav kho nws." Lawv coj tus ntxhais mus rau lub battalion first-aid post. Kho tau. Yog li ntawd nws thiaj li mus tas li rau peb, siv sijhawm nrog peb ntau dua nyob hauv tsev. Thaum kuv pom kuv tus kheej hauv Hungary nees nkaum xyoo tom qab tsov rog, kuv tau ntsib nws. Tus poj niam zoo nkauj kawg li! Nws twb sib yuav lawm, cov me nyuam ploj mus.

- Nws hloov tawm tias koj tsis tau muaj ntau dhau nrog cov neeg hauv zos?

- Tsis yog, nws tsis yog. Tam sim no, ib zaug kuv yuav tsum tau tsav tsheb qhov chaw hauv Hungary. Lawv coj ib tug Magyar ua ib qho kev qhia, kom tsis txhob poob - lub teb chaws yog txawv teb chaws. Nws ua nws txoj hauj lwm, peb muab nyiaj rau nws, muab cov kaus poom rau nws thiab tso nws.

- Hauv koj phau ntawv "Commanding Red Army Sherman Tanks" nws tau sau tseg tias txij thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1944 hauv 233rd tank brigade M4A2 Shermans tau armed tsis nrog luv 75-mm, tab sis nrog ntev-barreled 76-mm cannons. Nws yog ntxov dhau rau Lub Ib Hlis 1944, cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau tshwm sim tom qab. Piav ib zaug ntxiv seb hom phom twg cov Sherman tau ua tub rog nrog hauv 233rd Tank Brigade?

- Kuv tsis paub, peb muaj ob peb Sherman nrog rab phom luv. tsawg heev. Feem ntau nrog cov phom ntev ntev. Tsis yog peb cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Sherman, tej zaum lawv nyob hauv lwm pab tub rog? Qhov chaw hauv lub nkoj kuv pom cov tso tsheb hlau luam zoo li no, tab sis peb muaj lub tank nrog rab phom ntev.

- Dmitry Fedorovich, nyob rau hauv txhua txhua Sherman uas tuaj rau lub USSR muaj ib tug tus kheej riam phom rau cov neeg coob: Thompson submachine phom. Kuv nyeem tias cov riam phom no tau plundered los ntawm rear units thiab xyaum tsis tau mus txog lub tankers. Koj muaj riam phom dab tsi: Asmeskas lossis Soviet?

“Txhua tus Sherman tau muab ob rab phom Thompson submachine. Calibre 11, 43 mm - zoo li daim cartridge! Tab sis rab phom tshuab tau shoddy. Peb muaj ob peb kis. Cov txiv neej, ntawm ib tug twv, hnav ib khub quilted tsho, thim rov qab, lawv raug tua. Thiab cov mos txwv no tau daig hauv cov tsho quilted! Qhov ntawd yog rab phom tshuab shitty. Ntawm no yog German tshuab rab phom nrog lub folding Tshuag (lub ntsiab lus ntawm Erma MP-40 submachine phom - V_P), peb hlub rau nws compactness. Thiab Thompson noj qab nyob zoo - koj tsis tuaj yeem tig nrog nws hauv lub tank.

Cov Sherman tau muaj riam phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Puas yog lawv feem ntau siv?

Kuv tsis paub yog vim li cas, tab sis ib pawg ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tuaj nrog rab phom tshuab, thiab lwm yam tsis muaj. Peb siv rab phom tshuab no tawm tsam ob lub dav hlau thiab hauv av lub hom phiaj. Lawv tsis tshua siv los tawm tsam cov dav hlau vim tias cov neeg German tsis yog neeg ruam: lawv tau foob pob los ntawm qhov siab lossis los ntawm qhov tob tob. Lub tshuab rab phom tau zoo ntawm 400-600 meters. Thiab cov Germans tau foob pob, tej zaum, los ntawm 800 meters thiab siab dua. Nws pov ib lub foob pob thiab tawm mus sai sai. Sim nws, dev, tua nws! Yog li nws tau siv, tab sis tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Peb txawm siv rab phom tiv thaiv cov dav hlau: koj muab lub tank tso rau ntawm txoj kab nqes ntawm lub roob thiab tua. Tab sis qhov kev xav dav dav yog tias rab phom tshuab zoo. Cov phom tshuab no tau pab peb ntau heev hauv kev ua tsov rog nrog Nyiv - tawm tsam cov neeg tua neeg tua neeg. Lawv tua ntau heev kom rab phom tshuab tau kub thiab pib nto qaub ncaug. Kuv tseem muaj ib tug splinter los ntawm ib tug anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom nyob rau hauv kuv lub taub hau.

- Hauv koj phau ntawv, koj sau txog kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Tynovka ntawm chav tsev ntawm 5 lub koom haum mechanized. Koj sau tias kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Ib Hlis 26, 1944. Ntawm no cov phooj ywg khawb tawm German maps, txiav txim los ntawm uas, nyob rau lub ib hlis ntuj 26, 1944, Tynovka nyob rau hauv Soviet tes. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tus phooj ywg unearthed ib tug German soj ntsuam daim ntawv qhia raws li interrogation ntawm ib tug Soviet lieutenant los ntawm lub 359th SD tiv thaiv tank battalion, uas qhia tau hais tias Soviet T-34s thiab American nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam, raws li zoo raws li ob peb KVs camouflaged nrog straw, tau tso tseg. hauv Tynovka. Ib tug phooj ywg nug seb puas tuaj yeem ua yuam kev nrog hnub tim, nws hais tias ib lub lim tiam ua ntej Tynovka yeej nyob hauv German txhais tes?

- Nws yuav zoo heev. Cov txiv neej, muaj xws li mess! Qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv los ntawm leaps thiab ciam teb. Peb ncig lub koom haum Korsun-Shevchenko ntawm Germans. Lawv pib tawg, thiab cov Germans kuj ntaus peb ntawm lub nplhaib sab nrauv los pab lawv tus kheej tawg tawm ntawm lub nplhaib. Kev sib ntaus sib tua nyuaj heev uas nyob rau hauv ib hnub Tynovka hloov tes ob peb zaug.

- Koj sau tias thaum Lub Ib Hlis 29, 5 lub koom haum mechanized tau tsiv mus rau sab hnub poob los txhawb cov chav nyob ntawm 1st Ukrainian Front, uas tau tuav rov qab rau German counteroffensive. Ob peb hnub tom qab ntawd, cov tub ua lag luam tau nyob hauv thaj chaw Vinograd. Yog li ntawd, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1, nws pom nws tus kheej hauv txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb ntawm German 16th thiab 17th Panzer Divisions ntawm 3rd Panzer Corps. Lub tshuab no tau xa tawm los ntawm cheeb tsam Rusakovka - Novaya Greblya mus rau sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj. Ob peb hnub, cov Germans ntes Vinograd, Tynovka, hla Gniloy Tikich River thiab mus txog Antonovka. Koj puas tuaj yeem piav qhia txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov kws kho tsheb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua?

- Peb ncig cov Germans, kaw lub cauldron thiab tam sim ntawd muab peb mus rau sab pem hauv ntej ntawm lub encirclement. Cov huab cua phem heev, impassable av nkos thaum nruab hnub: Kuv dhia tawm ntawm lub tank mus rau hauv cov av nkos, yog li nws yooj yim rau koj tawm ntawm koj cov khau dua li koj cov khau tawm ntawm cov av nkos. Thiab thaum hmo ntuj Frost tsoo thiab av nkos froze. Nws yog los ntawm cov av nkos uas lawv tau muab peb mus rau sab nraud. Peb muaj ob peb lub tank sab laug. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj lub zog zoo, thaum hmo ntuj peb teeb lub taub hau ntawm lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab tsheb thiab txav mus rau pem hauv ntej thiab sawv hauv kev tiv thaiv nrog tag nrho cov tub rog. Cov neeg German tau txiav txim siab tias ntau pab tub rog tau faus rau hauv kev tiv thaiv, tab sis qhov tseeb, cov tub rog tau nruab nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam txog li peb caug feem pua thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Kev sib ntaus sib tua nyuaj heev uas cov riam phom tau sov, thiab, qee zaum, cov mos txwv yaj. Koj tua, thiab lawv plam mus rau hauv av, ib puas meters ntawm koj. Cov Germans raug torn zoo li npau taws, txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis muaj dab tsi poob. Hauv cov pab pawg me, lawv tseem muaj peev xwm ua txhaum.

- Koj puas tau xauv lub kaus mom thaum sib ntaus sib tua hauv nroog?

- Peb ib txwm kaw lub hatches. Kuv yeej tsis tau hnov txog qhov kev txiav txim li ntawd. Thaum kuv tawg mus rau hauv Vienna, kuv lub tank raug pov nrog grenades los ntawm cov tsev sab saud. Kuv hais kom tsav txhua lub tank rau hauv lub arches ntawm tsev thiab choj. Thiab qee lub sij hawm nws yuav tsum tau thim nws lub tank mus rau qhov chaw qhib kom kis tau tus nplawm kav hlau txais xov thiab sib txuas lus nrog cov lus txib los ntawm xov tooj cua. Tus neeg tsav tsheb hauv xov tooj cua thiab tus neeg tsav tsheb-neeg kho tshuab fiddled nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tank, thiab lub hatch twb qhib. Thiab los ntawm saum toj no, ib tug neeg pov ib tug grenade rau hauv lub dab. Nws tawg rau sab nraum qab ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj cua thiab ob leeg tuag. Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub nroog peb ib txwm kaw lub hatches.

- Lub ntsiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov mos txwv, uas suav nrog cov faust cartridges, yog lub siab siab hauv lub tank, uas cuam tshuam rau cov neeg coob coob. Yog hais tias cov kaus mom tau khaws cia jaar, ces muaj caij nyoog kom ciaj sia.

“Qhov ntawd muaj tseeb, tab sis peb khaws cov kaus mom kaw lawm. Tej zaum nyob rau lwm qhov nws txawv. Tseem, Faustists ntaus lub cav ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov. Lub tank ntes hluav taws, zoo li nws los yog tsis, koj dhia tawm ntawm lub tank. Thiab tom qab ntawd lawv twb tau tua cov neeg coob nrog rab phom tshuab.

- Yuav ua li cas thiaj muaj sia nyob yog tias lub tank raug tsoo?

- Lub Plaub Hlis 19, 1945 hauv Austria kuv raug ntaus. Tus tsov pierced peb mus txog thiab dhau, lub projectile mus los ntawm tag nrho cov sib ntaus sib tua compartment thiab los ntawm lub cav. Muaj peb tug tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv lub tank: Kuv, raws li ib tug battalion commander, lub tuam txhab commander Sasha Ionov, nws tank twb twb khob lawm, thiab tank commander. Peb tus tub ceev xwm thiab tus tsav tsheb thiab tus xov tooj cua. Thaum Tsov stitched peb, tus tsav tsheb tuag, tag nrho kuv sab laug ceg tawg, Sasha Ionov sab xis ceg raug torn, nws sab ceg raug torn, lub tank commander raug mob, rab phom commander Lesha Romashkin zaum hauv qab kuv txhais taw, ob leeg. ntawm nws ob txhais ceg raug torn. Los ntawm txoj kev, ua ntej qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua, peb zaum, noj hmo, thiab Lesha hais rau kuv, "Yog kuv ob txhais ceg tawg, kuv yuav tua kuv tus kheej, leej twg yuav xav tau kuv?" Nws nyob hauv ib lub tsev me nyuam ntsuag, tsis muaj neeg txheeb ze. Thiab tam sim no, qhov tseeb, txoj hmoo tau txiav txim siab. Lawv rub Sasha tawm, rub nws tawm, thiab pib pab lwm tus tawm. Thiab lub sijhawm ntawd Lesha tua nws tus kheej.

Feem ntau, ib tug los yog ob tug neeg paub tseeb tias yuav raug mob los yog tua. Nws nyob ntawm qhov twg qhov projectile hits.

- Cov tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm puas tau txais nyiaj dab tsi? Nyiaj hli, cov txiaj ntsig nyiaj ntsuab?

- Muab piv rau cov tsis tu ncua, cov neeg saib xyuas tsis tu ncua, cov chav nyob hauv cov tub ceev xwm, cov tub ceev xwm ntiag tug thiab cov tub ceev xwm mus txog thiab suav nrog cov thawj coj tau txais nyiaj hli ob npaug, thiab cov tub ceev xwm - ib nrab thiab ib nrab. Piv txwv li, kuv tus thawj coj ntawm lub tuam txhab tau txais 800 rubles. Thaum kuv los ua ib tug thawj tub rog, kuv tau txais 1200 rubles los yog 1500 rubles. kuv tsis nco qab kiag li. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tsis tau txais tag nrho cov nyiaj hauv peb txhais tes. Tag nrho peb cov nyiaj tau khaws cia rau hauv lub txhab nyiaj khaws cia, hauv koj tus kheej tus account. Cov nyiaj tuaj yeem xa mus rau tsev neeg. Qhov ntawd yog, peb tsis nqa nyiaj hauv peb lub hnab ris, lub xeev no tau ua kom zoo. Vim li cas koj thiaj xav tau nyiaj hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua?

- Koj tuaj yeem yuav dab tsi nrog cov nyiaj no?

- Piv txwv li, thaum peb tau tsim nyob rau hauv Gorky, peb mus rau lub khw nrog kuv tus phooj ywg Kolya Averkiev. Tus txiv neej zoo, tab sis nws tau tuag hauv thawj qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua! Peb los, peb saib, ib tug huckster muag khob cij. Nws tuav ib lub ncuav ntawm nws txhais tes, thiab ob peb lub ncuav nyob rau hauv lub hnab ntawv. Kolya nug "Ntau npaum li cas rau ib lub loaf?", nws teb "Peb oblique". Kolya tsis paub tias "oblique" txhais li cas, coj tawm peb rubles thiab tuav nws tawm. Nws hais tias, "Koj puas vwm?" Kolya xav tsis thoob, "Ua li cas? Koj nug peb obliques, thiab kuv muab peb rubles rau koj!" Tus huckster hais tias "Peb oblique - uas yog peb puas rubles!" Kolya rau nws "Auj, koj kis tau tus mob! Koj speculate ntawm no, thiab peb los ntshav rau koj nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej!" Thiab peb, uas yog tub ceev xwm, muaj riam phom ntawm tus kheej. Kolya tshem nws rab yaj phom. Tus huckster rub peb rubles thiab tam sim ntawd thim rov qab.

Ntxiv rau cov nyiaj, cov tub ceev xwm tau muab cov khoom noj ntxiv ib hlis ib zaug. Nws suav nrog 200 grams butter, ib pob ntawm biscuits, ib pob ntawm ncuav qab zib, thiab, kuv xav, cheese. Los ntawm txoj kev, ob peb hnub tom qab qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua lag luam, peb tau muab cov khoom noj ntxiv. Peb txiav ib lub khob cij lengthwise, kis nws nrog butter thiab muab cheese on to top. Auj, nws zoo npaum li cas!

- Dab tsi tau nqi zog vim yog lub tank puas, phom, thiab lwm yam? Leej twg txiav txim siab qhov no, lossis puas muaj cov cai nruj ntawm kev txhawb nqa thiab khoom plig? Thaum cov yeeb ncuab tank raug rhuav tshem, puas yog tag nrho cov neeg coob tau txais txiaj ntsig lossis tsuas yog qee tus ntawm nws cov tswv cuab?

- Cov nyiaj tau muab rau cov neeg coob thiab tau muab faib sib npaug ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Nyob rau hauv Hungary, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo 1944, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov rallies, peb txiav txim siab hais tias peb yuav sau tag nrho cov nyiaj uas yog vim peb rau cov khoom puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub thiab ces xa mus rau cov tsev neeg ntawm peb comrades uas tuag. Thiab tam sim no tom qab tsov rog, thaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub archive, kuv tuaj hla ib nqe lus uas kuv tau kos npe rau ntawm kev hloov nyiaj mus rau cov tsev neeg ntawm peb cov phooj ywg: peb txhiab, tsib txhiab, thiab hais txog.

Nyob rau hauv lub Balaton cheeb tsam peb tsoo mus rau tom qab ntawm cov Germans, thiab nws thiaj li tshwm sim hais tias peb tua ib tug German tank kem, khob tawm 19 tanks, uas 11 yog hnyav. Muaj ntau lub tsheb. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, peb tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog cov khoom siv ua tub rog puas tsuaj. Peb tau txais 1,000 rubles rau txhua lub tank puas.

Muaj ntau lub tsheb thauj mus los Muscovite nyob rau hauv peb cov tub rog, txij li thaum peb cov tub rog tau tsim nyob rau hauv Naro-Fominsk, thiab kev ntxiv tuaj rau peb los ntawm Moscow cov tub rog sau npe thiab chaw ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, thaum tom qab tsov rog kuv mus kawm nyob rau hauv tub rog academy, kuv sim, ntau li ntau tau, mus ntsib nrog cov tsev neeg ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom. Tau kawg, kev sib tham tau tu siab, tab sis lawv xav tau ntau heev, vim kuv yog tus neeg paub tias lawv tus tub, leej txiv lossis kwv tij tuag li cas. Thiab kuv feem ntau qhia lawv qhov no thiab qhov ntawd, kuv npe hnub. Thiab lawv nco ntsoov, tiam sis hnub ntawd peb tsis xis nyob. Yog li ntawd peb tau txais nyiaj. Thiab qee zaum peb tau tswj tsis tau xa nyiaj, tab sis pob khoom nrog cov khoom plig.