Lub swastika hauv Red Army: vim li cas nws thiaj li raug tso tseg txawm ua ntej Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Lub cim swastika tau paub los ntawm ntau haiv neeg thoob ntiaj teb txij li thaum ub. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias nws tau ua tsaug rau Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb sab hnub poob, uas swastika tau pib pom feem ntau yog lub cim ntawm Nazis. Niaj hnub no, ob peb tug neeg paub hais tias ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm no ornaments kuj tau siv nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union.

Los ntawm qhov tob ntawm centuries

Raws li twb tau hais lawm, noob neej paub yuav luag txhua lub cim ntawm swastika. Lo lus "swastika" nws tus kheej muaj keeb kwm Indian. Hauv Sanskrit, lub cim zoo rau peb hu ua "suasti" los ntawm "su" - zoo lossis "asti" - ua. Hauv Indian kev lig kev cai, qhov no txhais tau tias "kev noj qab haus huv." Cov Greeks thaum ub hu ua lub cim zoo sib xws "gammadion", raws li nws zoo li ua ke ntawm plaub tsab ntawv "gamma". Tib lo lus "swastika" tau tshwm sim (feem ntau yuav, tab sis nws tsis paub meej) nyob rau hauv 1852 ua tsaug rau Fabkis orientalist Eugene Burnouf, uas tau ua ib tug loj pab rau lub deciphering ntawm cuneiform thiab kev kawm ntawm Buddhism nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th.

Thiab txawm hais tias swastika feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog Is Nrias teb thiab Buddhism (tau kawg, tom qab Nazis), nws tsis tau tshwm sim thawj zaug. Ib lub cim zoo sib xws tau pom nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw txij li lub sijhawm Neolithic (kwv yees li 9-8 txhiab xyoo BC). Cov kws tshawb fawb pom cov duab ntawm swastika nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj Europe, Central Asia, Western Siberia thiab Caucasus rov qab mus rau 2-1 txhiab xyoo BC. Nws yog tsis tshua muaj heev txawm nyob rau hauv kos duab ntawm Ancient Egypt. Muaj pov thawj tias swastika tuaj nyob rau hauv cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Native Americans.

Lwm yam "Kolovrat"

Slavic pendant-amulet nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug swastika, XII-XIII centuries.

Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm niaj hnub Russia, swastika kuj tau paub ntev. Archaeologists tau pom ornaments nrog nws nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Transcaucasus yos rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 16th BC. Nov tsuas yog "qee yam" teeb meem nrog swastika ntawm Slavs hauv keeb kwm. Lavxias teb sab (thiab tsis tsuas yog) neo-Nazis, nrog rau cov neeg uas nyiam cov "neeg-keeb kwm" qauv nyob rau hauv lub qub USSR, zoo li hais tias cov Slavs siv ib tug multi-rayed cim npe hu ua "Kolovrat" (lub hauv paus ntawm lub "Kolovrat"). lo lus txhais tau tias "hnub"). Ntawm no tsuas yog tsis muaj kev lees paub ntawm txhua qhov no.

Lavxias teb sab rings ntawm 13-15 centuries nrog cov duab ntawm swastika.

Tab sis muaj archaeological pov thawj ntawm kev siv ntawm ib txwm plaub-taw tes swastika, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub rings ntawm lub 13-15 centuries.

Tib lub kaum yim-taw swastika hauv keeb kwm uas tuaj yeem pom ntawm Slavs, tus kws tshawb fawb tau tsim los ntawm Polish artist. Stanislav Yakubovskynyob rau hauv 1923 ntawm ib qho ntawm cov pagan prints. Nrog rau qib siab ntawm qhov tshwm sim, Yakubovsky "lub hnub" yog ib qho kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj.

Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv Russia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, lub swastika yog thiab tau dav siv. Feem ntau vim yog kev zam rau Aryan kab lis kev cai, uas tau pib hauv Tebchaws Europe hauv xyoo pua 19th. Peb muaj ntau yam piv txwv. Yog li ntawd, lub swastika nyob rau hauv lub logo tau siv los ntawm Lavxias teb sab Electric Joint Stock Community ASEA. Koj tuaj yeem pom swastika ntawm lub tsheb ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe, ntxiv rau, nws yog lub cim nyiam ntawm Empress Alexandra Feodorovna (tus poj niam ntawm Nicholas II, tus huab tais Lavxias kawg), uas ntseeg tias lub cim no coj kev zoo siab.

Cov tub rog liab yog cov muaj zog tshaj

Nws puas yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias, muaj qee kis hauv Tebchaws Europe hauv 19th thiab 20th centuries thaum ntxov, swastika tau yooj yim tsiv mus rau tom qab kev tawm tsam Russia. Nws yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev sim siab, kev hloov pauv loj thiab kev tshawb nrhiav rau tag kis zoo dua. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1917, lub swastika tau muab tso rau hauv lub banknotes ntawm ib ntus tsoom fwv (lawv ncig mus txog rau 1922). Lub swastika nyiam qhov muaj koob meej ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm lub sijhawm, uas tuaj txog hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov cim ntawm lub sijhawm tshiab.

Kuj tseem muaj swastika hauv Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm 'thiab Peasants' Red Army. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1919, tus lej xaj xaj 213 tau muab los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm South-Eastern Front ntawm Red Army, V. I. Shorin, uas tau pom zoo kos npe tshiab - "Lungta". Los yog zoo-paub swastika rau peb txhua tus. Kalmyk units ntawm Red Army tuaj yeem hnav nws. Rau cov tub ceev xwm, lub swastika yuav tsum tau embroidered nyob rau hauv kub, thiab rau cov tub rog nws yog stenciled rau lub uniform nyob rau hauv dub. Lub cim no yog Buddhist, txij li feem ntau ntawm cov Kalmyks (dab tsi surprise!) Yog cov ntseeg. Cov cim no tau siv rau hauv cov khaub ncaws ntawm Tub Rog Liab mus txog rau xyoo 1920.

Tom qab ntawd, lub cim tso cai rau Red Army kiag li. Ua ke nws (zoo li lwm yam cim) tau pib siv lub hnub qub uas zoo tshaj plaws uas pom tau tias tsib lub hnub qub liab.

Txhua yam yog messed los ntawm Nazis

Cov cwj pwm ntawm swastika tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Soviet Union, tab sis thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no pib hloov ntev ua ntej Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, nyob rau hauv tsis zoo straits tom qab lub yeej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog thawj zaug, NSDAP tog tau txais kev muaj koob meej sai. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1920, Adolf Hitler tau pom zoo lub swastika ua lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm National Socialist German Workers' Party. Los ntawm txoj kev, tsis zoo li kev ntseeg nrov, lub tswv yim ntawm kev coj tus swastika tsis yog Hitler tus kheej. Ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov, los ntawm 1933 thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe, swastika tau pom feem ntau tsis zoo.

Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, ideologues sawv ntxov ntxov. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1922, cov ntawv xov xwm Izvestia tau luam tawm ib tsab xov xwm "Ceeb toom" los ntawm Cov Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Kev Kawm. Anatoly Vasilievich Lunacharsky, quote:

"Vim kev nkag siab yuam kev, ib qho khoom plig hu ua swastika tau siv tas li ntawm ntau cov khoom dai thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Txij li thaum lub swastika yog ib tug cockade ntawm lub sib sib zog nqus counter-revolutionary German koom haum Orgesh, thiab tsis ntev los no tau txais lub cim ntawm lub cim cim ntawm tag nrho cov fascist kev tawm tsam, kuv ceeb toom rau koj tias cov neeg ua yeeb yam yuav tsum tsis muaj teeb meem siv cov khoom zoo li no, uas tsim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog. rau cov neeg txawv teb chaws, qhov kev xav tsis zoo heev. ".

Rov qab rau xyoo 1926, ib phau ntawv mob siab rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj tau luam tawm hauv USSR, uas, ntawm lwm yam, muaj cov duab ntawm swastika. Los ntawm 1933, vim li cas ideological, tag nrho cov phau ntawv raug txeeb los ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv rau kev puas tsuaj. Ib feem ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm raug xa mus rau Qhov Chaw Tshwj Xeeb.

Tau kawg, kev siv lungta hauv kev tsim cov Tub Rog Liab tom qab xyoo 1922 tau tawm ntawm cov lus nug vim li cas ideological.

Editorial sau tseg: Cov khoom siv yog keeb kwm thiab kev lom zem nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, thiab cov duab kos duab los yog keeb kwm, qhia txog qhov tseeb thiab tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub sijhawm. Lub Kramol tsab tsis qhia lossis txhawb cov tswv yim ntawm fascism thiab Nazism.