Vim li cas cov ntaub ntawv no tsis nyob hauv peb cov phau ntawv keeb kwm?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Ib tug zoo-paub Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, ib tug tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Ancient Rus, chronicle keeb kwm, keeb kwm ntawm kev xav, tus sau ntawm ntau phau ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm keeb kwm kev paub.

Hauv qab no yog cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm los ntawm cov chaw txawv teb chaws hais txog Russia thiab Rugs (hauv thawj xyoo txhiab) sau los ntawm tus xibfwb.

1. 1 xyoo pua. Tacitus (c. 55–120) hais txog cog lusnyob rau sab qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Baltic.

2. II-III centuries. Jordan (VI xyoo pua) qhia txog kev tawm tsam ntawm Goths hauv Baltic States nrog cog lus, leej twg muaj zog dua cov Germans "hauv lub cev thiab ntsuj plig" thiab txawm li cas los xij tau swb los ntawm Goths.

3. Ntawm 307-314. Hauv daim ntawv Verona cog lus muaj npe nyob rau hauv Roman federates.

4. Mus txog 337. Tus kws sau Byzantine ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th, Nicephorus Grigora, hais txog Russian tub huabtais, uas tuav lub tsev hais plaub nyob rau hauv Emperor Constantine.

5. Qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 4th. Jordan tau hais tias yog ib feem ntawm lub xeev Germanarich horn thiab ces tham txog pab pawg rosomonov (los yog rosomonov), tawm ntawm kev mloog lus.

6. Ntawm 379-395. Phau Ntawv Degrees (XVI caug xyoo) hais txog "kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog Russian vwm "Emperor Theodosius. Cov ntaub ntawv tau qiv, pom meej, los ntawm lub neej ntawm Egyptian Ivan lub Hermit, hais ntawm no. Kev tawm tsam kuj tau hais txog ntawm no. rusov mus rau "Selunsky grad". Cov xov xwm rov qab mus rau Lub Neej ntawm Dmitry Solunsky.

7. 434-435 xyoo. Rouge tshwm sim ntawm tus dej Sava ze lub nroog Novieduna (tam sim no-hnub Yugoslavia), qhov chaw uas lawv tuaj rau hauv kev sib cav nrog Goths.

8. 454 xya. Ib feem cog lus koom nrog cov Huns thiab ua ke nrog lawv tau swb los ntawm Gepids thiab cov pab pawg ntawm lawv sab, suav nrog feem ntau ntawm Rugs. Cov swb rov qab los ntawm Danube mus rau Dnieper thiab Hiav Txwv Dub, thiab ib nrab rov qab mus rau Adriatic ntug dej hiav txwv. Ib txhia cog lus, raws li Jordan, tau txais cov chaw rau kev nyob hauv cov nroog uas nyob ib sab ntawm Constantinople.

9. 469 xya. Rouge tau swb los ntawm Goths hauv kev sib ntaus rau Pannonia.

10. 476 xya. Odoacer (raws li Jordan - cog lus, raws li lwm qhov chaw - skirr) ntawm lub taub hau ntawm ib pab tub rog muaj xws li cog lus, Skirr, Turkilings, overthrew lub xeem huab tais ntawm Western Roman faj tim teb chaws. Hauv kev lig kev cai tom qab, nws yog hu ua Russian tub huabtais, Herul los ntawm cov kob ntawm Rügen, ib tug Slavic tub huabtais. Nws cov xeeb ntxwv yuav kav nyob rau hauv Styria, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th kuj nyob rau hauv lub Duchy ntawm Austria. Ib xeem thiab qee lub npe Bohemian keeb kwm los ntawm Odoacer.

11. xyoo 487. Odoacer ntes tau huab tais cog lus Feleteya thiab nws niam Gizu thiab tua lawv nyob rau hauv Ravenna rau sim mus txeeb Ltalis ntawm instigation ntawm Byzantine huab tais Zeno.

12. Xyoo 488. Odoacer tau kov yeej Feletey tus tub xeeb ntxwv Frederic thiab rhuav tshem nws cov khoom hauv Danube. Frederick tau khiav mus rau tus Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Goths Theodoric.

13. xyoo 489. Theodoric tawm tsam Odoacer. Rouge yog nyob rau hauv uas thiab nyob rau hauv lwm pab tub rog.

14. 493 xya. Theodoric treacherously tua Odoacer. Rouge Frederica tau koom nrog hauv kev tshaj tawm ntawm Theodoric huab tais ntawm Ltalis.

15. Nruab nrab-6 xyoo pua. Rugi (zeeg) rau qee lub sijhawm lawv txeeb tau lub hwj chim hauv tebchaws Ltalis, tsa lawv tus thawj coj Erarich mus rau lub rooj muaj koob muaj npe.

16. 568 xya. Cov Avars nyob Pannonia, thiab Lombards hla dhau Rugiland mus rau Northern Italy.

17. VI xyoo pua. Syrian sau Pseudo-saccharius hais txog cov neeg loj hlob nyob rau thaj tsam Dub hiav txwv.

18. VI xyoo pua. Cov keeb kwm ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th, as-Sa'alibi, hauv nws zaj dab neeg hais txog kev tsim kho ntawm phab ntsa Derbent los ntawm Khosrov I (531-579), nrog rau cov Turks thiab Khazars. rusov.

19. VI xyoo pua. Tus sau Caspian ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th Zahir ad-din Mar'ashi hais txog rusov nyob rau hauv North Caucasus cheeb tsam.

20. 626 xya. Byzantine kws sau paj lug Constantine Manassi (XII caug xyoo) hu Cov neeg Lavxias ntawm cov neeg uas nyob ze Constantinople ua ke nrog cov Avars.

21. 643 xya. Tus sau Arabic ntawm-Tabari (838-923) ob zaug hu rusov raws li cov yeeb ncuab ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov Arabs.

22. 765 (los yog 773) xyoo. Tus Byzantine chronicler Theophano (d. 817) hais txog Lavxias teb sab helandia (nkoj). Cov Normanists nyeem Greek "ta rousia" ua "liab."

23. 773-774 xyoo. Fabkis paj huam txog Ogier lub Dane (XII-XIII centuries) hais txog Suav suav Erno, uas coj cov Lavxias teb sab detachment uas tiv thaiv Pavia - lub peev ntawm lub Lombards - los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Charlemagne. Nyob rau sab qaum teb Ltalis, Rus nyob hauv thaj av Garda ze Verona (cov Scandinavians hu ua Eastern Russia "Gards").

24. OK. 778 xya. "Lub Nkauj ntawm Roland" (cov ntaub ntawv ntawm XII-XIV centuries) hu rusov ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Frankish. Hais tau thiab "Lavxias teb sab raincoats".

25. Thaum kawg ntawm VIII - pib ntawm IX caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv zaj paj huam los ntawm Renaud de Monteban (lig XII - thaum ntxov XIII caug xyoo), cov entourage ntawm Charlemagne yog lub npe hu ua. Suav suav.

26. Nyob rau hauv zaj paj huam "Sesn" (lig xyoo pua 12th) Lavxias loj heev Fierabras nyob rau sab ntawm Gyteklen-Vidukind ntawm Saxony tawm tsam Charlemagne. "Fierabras los ntawm Russia "- ib tug loj heev" nrog ib tug zoo nkauj mane ntawm lub teeb xim av thiab curly plaub hau, ib tug reddish hwj txwv thiab lub ntsej muag caws pliav."

27. Nyob rau hauv zaj paj huam "Fierabras" (thib ob ib nrab ntawm XII - thaum ntxov XIII caug xyoo) - tus hero Fierabras, tus tub ntawm Emir Balan, - tus huab tais ntawm Alexandria thiab Babylon, raws li zoo raws li tus kav ntawm Cologne thiab Rus … Thaum raug ntes, nws dhau los ua ib tug tub qhe ncaj ncees ntawm Charlemagne.

28. Nyob rau hauv zaj paj huam "Flooan" 12 cov phooj ywg ntawm Charlemagne, nyob rau hauv captivity, yeej cov thawj coj Saracen thiab Lavxias teb sab huab tais.

29. Nyob rau hauv zaj paj huam "Cov neeg ntawm Candia" (XII caug xyoo) Ganita tus Zoo nkauj tau txais nws ntau Rus thiab "amoravians". Thaum tsis muaj nws txiv, nws muab lub nroog rau Franks thiab ua kev cai raus dej.

30. Thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 8th. Nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Stefan Surozhsky tau hais Russian tub huabtais Bravlin. Lub npe ntawm tus huab tais, tej zaum, los ntawm Bravalla, thaum lub sij hawm uas nyob rau hauv 786 muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua loj ntawm Danes thiab cov Frisians. Cov Frisians tau swb lawm, thiab ntau tus ntawm lawv tau tawm hauv lawv lub tebchaws, tsiv mus rau sab hnub tuaj.

31. Thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 8th. Bavarian geography hu rusov ib sab ntawm Khazars, nrog rau qee qhov dej lwg (Rotses) qhov chaw hauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Elbe thiab Sala: Attoros, Viliros, Hoziros, Zabros.

32. VIII-IX centuries. Popes Leo III (795-816), Benedict III (855-858) thiab lwm tus tuav lub rooj xa xov tshwj xeeb " mus rau cov clerics ntawm horns ". Pom tau tias, cov zej zog Rugi (lawv yog Arians) txuas ntxiv ua kom lawv tus kheej sib nrug ntawm cov ntseeg.

33. 839 xya. Lub Bertine annals qhia txog kev tuaj txog ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Byzantine huab tais Theophilos rau Louis Kuv Pious neeg loj hlob, nws tus kav ris lub npe ntawm kagan.

34. mus 842. Lub neej ntawm Georgy Amastridsky qhia txog kev tawm tsam dej lwg mus rau Amastrida (Asia Minor).

35. 836-847 xyoo Al-Khwarizmi nyob rau hauv ib thaj chaw muaj pes tsawg leeg hais txog Lavxias teb sab roob, los ntawm tus dej Dr. mustache (Dnieper?). Tseem muaj xov xwm nyob rau hauv ib tug treatise los ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th (Khudud al-Alam), qhov twg nws tau teev tias lub roob nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub "Inner Bulgarians".

36. 844 xya. Al-Yakubi tshaj tawm qhov kev tawm tsam rusov mus rau Seville hauv Spain.

37. 844 xya. Ibn Khordadbeh hu rusov hom lossis genus ntawm Slavs (ob tsab ntawv ntawm nws txoj haujlwm paub).

38.18 Nws 860 xya. Tawm tsam dej lwg rau Constantinople.

39. 861 xya. Constantine-Cyril Tus kws tshawb fawb, tus tsim yav tom ntej ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Slavic, nrhiav pom hauv Crimea Txoj Moo Zoo thiab Psalter, sau nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntawv, thiab, tau ntsib nrog ib tug neeg uas hais lus no, nws txawj hais lus thiab deciphered tus sau.

40. IX xyoo pua. Raws li Persian historian Fakhr ad-din Mubarakshah (XIII caug xyoo), Khazars muaj ib tsab ntawv los ntawm Lavxias teb sab. Cov Khazars qiv nws los ntawm cov neeg nyob ze "txoj haujlwm ntawm Rumians" (Byzantines), uas lawv hu ua cov neeg Lavxias … Muaj 21 tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj ntawv, uas yog sau los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis, tsis muaj tsab ntawv Aleph, raws li nyob rau hauv lub Aramaic los yog Syriac-Nestorian tsab ntawv. Cov Yudais Khazar muaj tsab ntawv no. Alans ntseeg tias hu ua Russ hauv qhov no.

41. 863 xya. Cov ntaub ntawv lees paub qhov khoom plig yav dhau los hais txog Rusaramarch (Rusarov hom) nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm niaj hnub Austria.

42. OK. 867 xya. Patriarch Photius tshaj tawm ua kev cai raus dej hauv nws cheeb tsam tsab ntawv dej lwg (qhov chaw nyob tsis paub).

43. OK. 867 xya. Lub Byzantine huab tais Basil, nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv mus rau Louis II, uas tau txais lub title ntawm huab tais, siv lub npe ntawm kagan, sib npaug rau tus huab tais, nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau plaub haiv neeg: Avars, Khazars, Bulgarians thiab Normans. Cov xov xwm feem ntau yog txuam nrog kev hais txog cov kagan ntawm cov neeg Lavxias hauv xyoo 839 (saib cov lus qhia 33), nrog rau ntau qhov chaw sab hnub tuaj thiab cov neeg Lavxias.

44. OK. 874 xya. Rome tus protege, Patriarch Ignatius ntawm Constantinople, xa ib tug npis sov rau Rus.

45. 879 xya. Thawj tus hais Lavxias teb sab diocese Patriarchate ntawm Constantinople, thaj nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj Crimea. Lub diocese no muaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th.

46. 879 xya. Kev cai raus dej dej lwg Emperor Basil (lus ntawm John Skilitsa).

47. mus 885. Lub Chronicle ntawm Dalimila txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th npe hu ua Archbishop ntawm Moravia Methodius Rusyn.

48. mus 894. Czech chronicle ntawm Pulkava thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th suav nrog Polonia thiab Russia.

49. Tus kws sau keeb kwm ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, tom qab ntawd Pope Pius II, Aeneas Sylvius hais txog cov subordination ntawm Svyatopolk Polonius mus rau Rome, Hungaria (tom qab Hungary, yav tas los cheeb tsam ntawm Huns) thiab russ - rusov.

50. Nyob rau hauv lub "Chronicle ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no" los ntawm Martin Velsky (16th caug xyoo) thiab lub chronograph ntawm Western Lavxias teb sab tsab (16th caug xyoo), nws yog hais tias Svyatopolk " khaws cia. Lavxias teb sab av ". Svyatopolk Russian boyar "Kev cai raus dej Czech tub huabtais Borzhivoi.

51. Tus Czech chronicler Hagetius (d. 1552) nco qab tias Russia yav tas los ib feem ntawm Moravian Kingdom.

52. Ntau tus kws sau ntawv oriental rov qab hais txog zaj dab neeg Rus nyob hauv cov kob "nyob rau hauv peb hnub taug kev" (kwv yees li 100 km), uas nws tus kav hu ua Khakan.

53. Xaus ntawm IX - pib ntawm X caug xyoo … Al-Balkhi (c. 850-930) hais txog peb pawg rus: Cuyabe, Slavia, Arsania. Qhov ze tshaj plaws rau Bulgar ntawm Volga yog Kuyaba, qhov deb tshaj plaws yog Slavia.

54. OK. ua 904y. Lub Raffelstetten kev lag luam charter (Austria) hais txog cov Slavs tuaj "los ntawm Rougii ". Cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau xaiv ntawm Rugiland ntawm Danube, Rugia hauv Baltic thiab Kievan Rus.

55. 912-913 xyoo. Taug kev rusov mus rau Hiav Txwv Caspian los ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub, sau tseg los ntawm Arab kws tshawb fawb Masudi (mid-10th caug xyoo) thiab lwm cov kws sau ntawv sab hnub tuaj.

56. 921-922 xyoo … Ibn Fadlan piav rusov uas nws pom hauv Bulgar.

57. OK. 935 xya … Lub charter ntawm kev sib tw hauv Magdeburg npe Velemir ntawm cov neeg koom, Tub huabtais (princeps) Russian, nrog rau kev ua yeeb yam hauv qab chij ntawm Duke of Thuringia Otto Redebotto, Duke ntawm Russia thiab Wenceslas, Tub huabtais Rugia … Cov ntaub ntawv tau luam tawm ntawm lwm yam Magdeburg ua los ntawm Melchior Goldast (17th caug xyoo).

58. 941 xya. Tawm tsam dej lwg los yog rusov rau Byzantium. Cov kws sau ntawv Greek Theophanes, Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm George Amartolus thiab Simeon the Magister (tag nrho nruab nrab-10 xyoo pua) piav qhia tib lub sijhawm tias cov lwg yog "dromites" (uas yog, cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw, neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw, fidgets) originating "los ntawm Franks xeem. " Nyob rau hauv Slavic txhais lus ntawm Chronicle ntawm George Amartol, kab lus kawg yog txhais li "los ntawm Varangian xeem." Lombard Liudprand (c. 958) tau sau ib zaj dab neeg uas nws hu ua Rus "cov neeg sab qaum teb", uas cov Greeks "zoo li yog hu ua Rus" (uas yog, "liab"), thiab cov neeg nyob hauv Northern Ltalis "los ntawm lawv qhov chaw Normans." Nyob rau sab qaum teb Ltalis, cov neeg nyob sab qaum teb ntawm Danube tau hu ua "Normans"; nyob rau sab qab teb Ltalis, Lombards lawv tus kheej tau txheeb xyuas nrog rau sab qaum teb Veneti.

59. mus 944. Lub xyoo pua 10th Jewish-Khazar sau hais txog " Tsar ntawm Rus Khlgu ", uas thawj zaug tawm tsam Khazars, thiab tom qab ntawd, ntawm lawv qhov kev tawm tsam, nyob rau hauv Roman Lakapin (920-944) tau mus rau Greeks, qhov chaw uas nws raug tua los ntawm Greek hluav taws. txaj muag rov qab mus rau nws lub teb chaws, Halegwa mus rau Persia (nyob rau hauv lwm version - Thrace), qhov chaw uas nws tuag nrog cov tub rog.

60. 943-944 xyoo. Ntau qhov chaw sab hnub tuaj ze rau cov xwm txheej hais txog kev sib tw rusov mus rau Berdaa (Azerbaijan).

61. 946 xya. Xyoo no yog hnub tim ib daim ntawv uas lub hiav txwv Baltic hu ua " los ntawm hiav txwv ntaub pua plag ". Ib lub npe zoo sib xws yog rov ua dua hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 1150.

62. Ntawm 948-952. Constantine Porphyrogenitus hais txog Rus "Nyob ze" thiab "nyob deb", thiab kuj muab ib tug sib npaug zos lub npe ntawm lub Dnieper sai sai nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab thiab Slavic.

63. 954-960 xyoo. Rugged qhov txhab ua nyob rau hauv kev koom tes nrog Otto kuv, pab nws nyob rau hauv lub conquest ntawm lub rebellious Slavic pab pawg neeg. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov pab pawg neeg uas nyob ntawm ntug hiav txwv tau kov yeej.” tawm tsam Russia ". Ib yam li ntawd, Adas ntawm Bremen thiab Helmold nrhiav Rugov Islands tuaj raws li kev dag "tawm tsam thaj av ntawm Wilts."

64. 959 xya. Embassy rau Otto kuv poj huab tais ntawm rugs helena » (Olga), tsis ntev ua ntej ua kev cai raus dej los ntawm Byzantine huab tais Roman, nrog rau kev thov kom xa ib tug npis sov thiab cov pov thawj. Libucius, ib tug hauj sam ntawm Mainz monastery, tau raug tsa ua npis sov nyob rau hauv Russia. Tab sis Libucius tuag nyob rau hauv 961. Hloov chaw, Adalbert tau raug xaiv, uas tau mus ncig cog lus … Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua lag luam tau xaus rau hauv kev ua tsis tiav: cov tub txib raug ntiab tawm los ntawm cov thawj coj. Cov lus hais txog cov xwm txheej no tau piav qhia los ntawm lub npe hu ua Continuer of Reginon, tom qab uas cov kws tshawb fawb pom Adalbert nws tus kheej. Hauv lwm phau ntawv keeb kwm es tsis txhob Rugia, Russia hu ua.

65. Mid-10th caug xyoo. Masoudi hais Lavxias teb sab dej thiab Russia hiav txwv … Nyob rau hauv qhov kev pom ntawm Masudi, Lavxias teb sab Hiav txwv - Pontus yog txuas nrog lub hiav txwv Bay (Baltic Hiav txwv), thiab lub Rus yog hu ua Islanders, uas tig ntau heev ntawm cov nkoj.

66. Qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th. Cov neeg Yudais sau los ntawm Josippon (Joseph ben Gorion), muab tso ua ke nyob rau sab qab teb Ltalis, qhov chaw rusov txoj cai nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Caspian Hiav Txwv, thiab nyob rau hauv lub "Great Hiav txwv" - "Hiav txwv" nyob ib sab ntawm lub Angles thiab Saxons. Qhov tsis meej pem, pom meej, tau yooj yim los ntawm kev hais hauv thaj tsam Caspian, ntxiv rau Rus, kuj yog cov neeg Saksin hauv ntau qhov chaw.

67. 965 xya. Ibn Yakub tau mus xyuas German (Holy Roman) faj tim teb chaws ntawm kev tshaj tawm txoj moo zoo thiab ntsib nrog Otto I. rusov, uas ciam teb rau sab hnub tuaj nrog cov khoom ntawm Polish tub huabtais Meshko, nrog rau sab hnub poob, lawv tawm tsam Prussians ntawm nkoj.

68. 967 xya. Pope John XIII nrog ib tug nyuj tshwj xeeb, uas tau tso cai tsim ib tug npis sov Prague, txwv tsis pub nrhiav neeg pov thawj los ntawm Lavxias thiab cov neeg Bulgarian thiab pe hawm nyob rau hauv lus Slavic. Cov ntaub ntawv yog rov tsim dua nyob rau hauv Chronicle of Kozma of Prague (c. 1125), thiab los ntawm Annalist Saxon (c. 1140).

69. 968 xya. Adalbert tau pom zoo los ntawm Magdeburg Archbishop. Tsab ntawv nco qab tias yav dhau los nws tau mus ncig cog lus.

70. 969 xya … Lub Magdeburg annals npe cov neeg nyob hauv cov kob ntawm Rügen Cov neeg Lavxias.

71. 968-969 xyoo. Ibn Hawqal thiab lwm tus kws sau ntawv oriental tham txog qhov swb cov neeg Lavxias Volga Bulgaria thiab Khazaria, tom qab uas cov tub rog rusov mus rau Byzantium thiab Andalusia (Spain). Nyob rau hauv annals, cov xwm txheej no yog hnub tim 6472-6473, uas, raws li Constantinople era, yuav tsum yog 964-965. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th, lwm qhov chaw yog feem ntau siv, plaub lub xyoos txawv ntawm lub Constantinople era, thiab yog li ntawd lub chronicle qhia tib lub hnub raws li lub sab hnub tuaj qhov chaw. Raws li rau cov phiaj xwm hauv Spain, peb tuaj yeem tham txog lwm tus neeg Lavxias.

72. 973 xya. Lambert ntawm Hersfeld (XI caug xyoo) hais txog kev tuaj txog ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Otto II hauv Quedlinburg, ntawm lwm tus thiab cov thawj coj. rusov.

73. OK. 990-992 xyoo … Cov ntaub ntawv "Dagome yudeks" hais txog qhov chaw Rousse nyob ib sab ntawm Prussia, thiab nws kuj tau qhia tias ciam teb Rus txuas mus rau Krakow. Nws tuaj yeem yog txog Rusyns, uas nws cov chaw nyob hauv Carpathians txuas ncaj qha mus rau Krakow.

74. 992 xya. Annals ntawm Hildesheim (XI caug xyoo) hais txog kev ua tsov ua rog ntawm Polish tub huabtais Boleslav nrog Cov neeg Lavxias.

75. Mus txog 995. Nyob rau hauv dab neeg txog Olav Tryggvason (cov npe ntawm XIII-XIV centuries), nws yog hais txog kev nyob ntawm Olav rau. Rus ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Vladimir. Hais txog yog nws niam (lossis tus poj niam) tus pom Allogy, pom tseeb tias keeb kwm Olga. Qhov kev sau ntawm lub npe ntawm tus ntxhais huabtais tso cai rau cov neeg tawm tsam Normanists ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem tsis lees paub Scandinavian etymology ntawm lub npe (los ntawm Helga). Raws li cov dab neeg, Olav tau hais rau Vladimir lub tswv yim ntawm kev txais yuav cov ntseeg Vajtswv, uas yog qhov kev sib cav ntawm Catholic historians sim ua rau Rome qhov zoo ntawm kev ntseeg ntawm Rus.

76. 997 xya. Hauv qee cov npe ntawm Lub Neej ntawm Adalbert, uas tuag hauv Prussia, cov neeg tua neeg raug hu ua ruthenes, thiab tsis yog Prussia, Russia hu ua.

77. OK. 1002 xyoo … Tus commentator ntawm Adas ntawm Bremen (c. 1075) hais txog kev xa ntawm Boleslav lub siab tawv nyob rau hauv alliance nrog Otto III (d. 1002) ntawm tag nrho cov Slavonia, Russia thiab Prussia. Slavonia - Western Pomerania lossis tag nrho cov av ntawm Baltic Slavs.

78. 1008-1009 xyoo. Bruno ntawm Querfurt tau mus xyuas Kiev thiab muab cov lus piav qhia txog kev mus ncig hauv ib tsab ntawv rau Henry II. Tom qab taug kev mus rau Pechenegs, nws mus rau Prussians thiab raug tua nyob rau ciam teb ntawm Prussia thiab Rus … Nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Romuald, sau nyob rau hauv 1040 los ntawm Peter Damiani, Bruno tau hais tias yog ib tug tub txib uas ua kev cai raus dej. Rus.