Achievements of Technocratic Civilization 2018

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Txij li thaum xyoo 2001, MIT Technology Review magazine tau sau cov npe ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus uas nws ntseeg tias yuav txhais tau peb lub neej rau xyoo tom ntej.

Tsis yog txhua tus paub dav dav, tab sis qee qhov ze rau kev nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam.

1. Hlau 3-D luam ntawv

• Kev paub txog technology. Tam sim no cov tshuab luam ntawv tuaj yeem ua cov khoom hlau sai thiab pheej yig.

• Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb rau kev vam meej technocratic? Lub peev xwm los tsim cov khoom siv hlau loj thiab nyuaj tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua qub.

• Cov players tseem ceeb. Markforged, Desktop Hlau, GE.

• Muaj. Muaj tam sim no.

Hlau luam ntawv yuav pheej yig thiab yooj yim txaus.

Hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsis tas yuav muaj cov khoom muag loj - lawv tuaj yeem luam tawm ib yam khoom, zoo li cov khoom seem rau lub tsheb laus, thaum ib tus neeg xav tau.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev, cov chaw tsim khoom loj uas tsim cov khoom siv tsawg tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm cov loj dua, hloov kho cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.

Cov thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom sib dua, muaj zog dua thiab cov duab tsis yooj yim uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tau nrog cov txheej txheem hlau tsim.

Cov tshuab luam ntawv 3D tau tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab 3D luam ntawv Markforged thiab GE. Cov phiaj xwm tom kawg yuav pib muag lub tshuab luam ntawv hauv 2018.

2. Artificial embryo

• Kev paub txog technology. Yog tsis siv cov qe lossis phev, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim cov qauv zoo li embryo los ntawm qia hlwb ib leeg, muab txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev tsim lub neej.

• Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb rau kev vam meej technocratic? Artificial embryos yuav ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov kws tshawb fawb los kawm txog qhov pib tsis meej ntawm tib neeg lub neej, tab sis lawv ua rau muaj kev sib cav txog bioethical tshiab.

• Cov players tseem ceeb. University of Cambridge, University of Michigan, Rockefeller University.

• Muaj. Muaj tam sim no.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua tib zoo muab lub hlwb tso rau hauv peb-dimensional scaffold thiab saib thaum lawv pib sib txuas lus thiab haum rau tus cwj pwm zoo ntawm tus nas embryo ob peb hnub tom qab.

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog los tsim cov embryo dag los ntawm tib neeg qia hlwb, uas tau ua haujlwm ntawm University of Michigan thiab Rockefeller University. Cov chaw kuaj mob yuav tuaj yeem "kho" cov noob kom lawv tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas thaum lawv loj hlob.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov embryos tsim cov lus nug txog kev ncaj ncees. Yuav ua li cas yog tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm embryos tiag? Lawv tuaj yeem loj hlob ntev npaum li cas hauv chav kuaj ua ntej lawv mob-rhiab heev? Biochemists hais tias cov teeb meem no yuav tsum tau daws ua ntej kev tshawb fawb mus ntxiv.

3. Lub nroog Sensitive

• Kev paub txog technology. Toronto yog thawj qhov chaw ua tiav kev sib koom ua ke txiav ntug hauv nroog tsim nrog cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub.

• Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb rau kev vam meej technocratic? Cov nroog ntse tuaj yeem ua rau thaj chaw hauv nroog nkag tau yooj yim dua, nyob tau zoo thiab ib puag ncig zoo.

• Cov players tseem ceeb. Sidewalk Labs thiab Waterfront Toronto.

• Muaj. Qhov project tau tshaj tawm thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2017; kev tsim kho tuaj yeem pib thaum ntxov 2019.

Ntau lub nroog ntse tau ntsib ntau yam teeb meem, suav nrog kev tsis muaj nyiaj txiag. Ib txoj haujlwm tshiab hauv Toronto, hu ua Quayside, vam tias yuav hloov tus qauv ntawd, rov xav txog lub nroog thaiv hauv av thiab rov tsim kho nrog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab.

Alphab's Sidewalk Labs, nyob hauv New York, koom tes nrog tsoomfwv Canadian ntawm txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm siab rau Toronto kev lag luam ntug dej. Nws yuav nruab nrog lub network uas nws kim heev ntawm cov sensors uas sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhua yam ntawm huab cua zoo mus rau suab nrov mus rau tib neeg kev ua ub no.

Sidewalk Labs hais tias nws yuav qhib kev nkag mus rau software thiab cov tshuab uas nws tsim, thiab lwm lub tuam txhab tuaj yeem tsim cov kev pabcuam rau saum lawv thaum lawv tsim cov apps rau xov tooj ntawm tes.

Lub tuam txhab npaj siab kom kaw qhov muag ntawm pej xeem infrastructure thiab qhov no ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev tswj cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev ceev ntiag tug. Tab sis Sidewalk Labs ntseeg tias nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog zej zog thiab tsoomfwv hauv nroog los daws cov teeb meem no.

4. Artificial txawj ntse rau sawv daws

• Kev paub txog technology. Cloud-based AI ua rau thev naus laus zis pheej yig dua thiab siv tau yooj yim dua.

• Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb rau kev vam meej technocratic? Raws li kev pabcuam huab, AI tuaj yeem muaj dav rau ntau, txawm tias cov tuam txhab me me, muab lub zog rau kev lag luam.

• Cov players tseem ceeb. Amazon, Google, Microsoft.

• Muaj. Muaj tam sim no.

Artificial txawj ntse tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom ua si ntawm cov tuam txhab thev naus laus zis xws li Amazon, Baidu, Google thiab Microsoft, nrog rau qee qhov pib. Rau ntau lwm lub tuam txhab thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam, AI systems yog kim heev thiab nyuaj heev los ua kom tiav.

Nws tsis paub meej tias leej twg ntawm cov tuam txhab no yuav ua tus thawj coj hauv kev muab cov kev pabcuam AI hauv huab. Tab sis qhov no yog lub sijhawm ua lag luam loj rau cov yeej.

Cov khoom lag luam no yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tias kev hloov pauv kev txawj ntse txawj ntse nthuav dav ntau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam.

Tam sim no, AI tau siv feem ntau hauv kev lag luam thev naus laus zis. Cov tshuaj, kev tsim khoom thiab lub zog kuj tuaj yeem hloov pauv yog tias lawv tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov thev naus laus zis ntau ntxiv nrog kev tsim khoom lag luam.

5. Kev sib tw Neural Networks

• Kev paub txog technology. Ob lub tshuab AI tuaj yeem sib tw ua ke los tsim cov duab zoo tshaj plaws lossis lub suab uas tshuab tsis tau ua.

• Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb rau kev vam meej technocratic? Qhov no muab cov tshuab ua ib yam dab tsi zoo li kev xav ntawm kev xav uas tuaj yeem pab lawv ua rau tib neeg tsis tshua nyob, tab sis kuj hloov lawv mus rau hauv cov cuab yeej muaj zog rau kev spoofing digital.

• Cov players tseem ceeb. Google mob, DeepMind, Nvidia

• Muaj. Muaj tam sim no.

Qhov kev daws teeb meem ua ntej los rau hauv siab rau Ian Goodfellow, PhD cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm University of Montreal, thaum muaj kev sib tham txog kev kawm hauv ib lub bar hauv 2014. Txoj hauv kev no, hu ua generative adversarial network, los yog GAN, siv ob lub network neural - cov qauv lej yooj yim ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb uas cuam tshuam rau kev kawm tshuab niaj hnub no - thiab ua rau lawv tawm tsam ib leeg hauv kev ua si miv-thiab-nas.

Ob lub network tau kawm ntawm tib dataset. Ib qho ntawm lawv - lub tshuab hluav taws xob - yog tsim los tsim cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov duab uas nws twb pom lawm. Qhov thib ob, tus neeg ntxub ntxaug, raug nug kom txiav txim siab seb qhov piv txwv nws pom zoo ib yam li cov duab uas nws tau kawm, lossis yog tias nws yog qhov cuav uas tsim los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.

Sij hawm dhau mus, lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua tau zoo ntawm kev tsim cov duab uas tus neeg saib xyuas tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom kev cuav. Cov thev naus laus zis tau dhau los ua ib qho kev vam meej tshaj plaws hauv AI hauv kaum xyoo dhau los, muaj peev xwm pab cov tshuab tsim cov txiaj ntsig uas dag ntxias tib neeg.

Cov txiaj ntsig tsis yog ib txwm zoo tag nrho. Tab sis vim hais tias cov duab thiab suab feem ntau pib tshwm sim tiag tiag, qee cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias muaj kev xav uas GANs pib nkag siab txog cov qauv hauv ntiaj teb uas lawv pom thiab hnov. Thiab qhov no txhais tau tias AI tuaj yeem tau txais, nrog rau kev nkag siab ntawm kev xav, muaj peev xwm ywj siab nkag siab txog qhov nws pom hauv ntiaj teb.

6. Lub mloog pob ntseg "Babylonian ntses"

• Kev paub txog technology. Nyob ze ntawm lub sijhawm txhais lus tam sim no ua haujlwm rau ntau hom lus thiab siv tau yooj yim.

• Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb rau kev vam meej technocratic? Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no globalized, hom lus tseem yog ib qho teeb meem rau kev sib txuas lus.

• Cov players tseem ceeb. Google thiab Baidu.

• Muaj. Twb Muaj.

Nyob rau hauv cult sci-fi tshiab The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, koj yuav tsum tau ntxig ib tus ntses Babylonian daj rau hauv koj pob ntseg kom tau txais kev txhais lus sai sai rau txhua hom lus. Google tau los nrog kev daws teeb meem nruab nrab - ib khub ntawm Pixel Buds rau $ 159. Lawv ua haujlwm nrog lawv cov Pixel smartphones thiab Google Translate app los txhais lus yuav luag online.

Ib tug neeg hnav lub mloog pob ntseg thiab lwm tus hnav xov tooj. Tus tswv ntawm lub mloog pob ntseg hais nws cov lus - Lus Askiv los ntawm lub neej ntawd - daim ntawv thov txhais cov lus sib tham thiab ua si nrov hauv xov tooj. Tus interlocutor teb xov tooj, thiab nws cov lus teb tau tshaj tawm thiab ua si los ntawm lub mloog pob ntseg.

Txog tam sim no, txoj kev loj hlob muaj ntau yam tsis zoo: cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam, tsis yooj yim ntawm kev hnav, nyuaj rau kev teeb tsa kev sib tham nrog xov tooj. Lawv cog lus tias txhua qhov no yuav raug tshem tawm thiab cov khoom siv yuav tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev sib txuas lus zoo heev.

7. Cov pa roj carbon monoxide tsawg

• Kev paub txog technology. Lub tshuab fais fab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thiab pheej yig ntes cov pa roj carbon emissions los ntawm kev hlawv cov pa roj carbon monoxide thaum tsis txhob muaj cov pa roj carbon emissions.

• Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb rau kev vam meej technocratic? Kwv yees li 22% ntawm lub ntiaj teb hluav taws xob yog tsim los ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, uas suav txog li 19% ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob cov pa roj carbon emissions.

• Cov players loj. 8 Rivers peev; Exelon tiam; CB & IB

• Muaj. Hauv 3-5 xyoos.

Lub ntiaj teb zoo li yuav vam khom cov pa roj carbon monoxide uas yog ib qho ntawm peb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb rau yav tom ntej. pheej yig thiab yooj yim muaj, nws tam sim no suav txog 22% ntawm lub ntiaj teb hluav taws xob. Txawm hais tias nws yog huv dua li cov thee, nws tseem yog qhov loj ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide emissions. Ib qho kev sim fais fab nroj tsuag ze Houston tab tom sim thev naus laus zis uas tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog huv los ntawm cov pa roj ntsha muaj tseeb.

Yog tias muaj, nws yuav txhais tau tias lub ntiaj teb muaj txoj hauv kev los tsim cov pa roj carbon tsis muaj zog los ntawm fossil fuels ntawm tus nqi tsim nyog.

Net Power yog kev sib koom tes ntawm kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis 8 Rivers Capital, Exelon Generation thiab lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob engineering CB&I. Lub tuam txhab yog nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm commissioning cov nroj tsuag thiab tau pib sim thawj zaug. Nws npaj siab yuav tshaj tawm cov kwv yees thaum ntxov hauv lub hlis tom ntej.

Cov nroj tsuag tso cov pa roj carbon dioxide tawm los ntawm kev kub hnyiab los ntawm kev kub hnyiab thiab cua sov, siv cov txiaj ntsig supercritical CO2 ua "ua dej ua haujlwm" uas ua rau lub hom phiaj tsim turbine. Feem ntau ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide tuaj yeem rov ua dua tsis tu ncua.

8. Zoo meej online ntiag tug

• Kev paub txog technology. Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv computer tau ua tiav cov cuab yeej cryptographic los ua pov thawj ib yam dab tsi yam tsis tau nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj.

• Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb rau kev vam meej technocratic? Yog tias koj xav tau tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug txhawm rau ua qee yam hauv online, nws yuav yooj yim dua ua li ntawd yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo rau koj tus kheej lossis nthuav tawm koj tus kheej rau tub sab nyiag.

• Cov players loj. Zcash; JPMorgan Chase; ING.

• Muaj. Muaj tam sim no.

Cov cuab yeej yog ib tug tshiab cryptographic raws tu qauv hu ua xoom-paub pov thawj. Txawm hais tias cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua haujlwm rau qhov no tau ntau xyoo lawm, qhov kev txaus siab tsuas yog nce siab hauv xyoo dhau los, ua tsaug rau ib feem ntawm kev xav txog kev loj hlob nrog cryptocurrency, feem ntau tsis yog tus kheej.

Cov neeg tsim khoom Zcash tau siv cov txheej txheem hu ua zk-SNARK (rau "xoom kev paub txog kev sib tham, tsis muaj kev sib tham txog kev paub") los muab cov neeg siv lub peev xwm los ua kev lag luam tsis qhia npe. Qhov no feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem ua tau hauv Bitcoin thiab feem ntau lwm cov pej xeem blockchains qhov twg kev lag luam pom rau txhua tus.

Rau cov tsev txhab nyiaj, qhov no tuaj yeem yog txoj hauv kev siv blockchains hauv kev them nyiaj yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev ceev ntiag tug ntawm lawv cov neeg siv khoom.

Txawm li cas los xij, rau tag nrho lawv cov lus cog tseg, zk-SNARKs tseem nyuaj heev thiab qeeb. Lawv kuj xav tau qhov hu ua "kev teeb tsa ruaj ntseg", uas tsim kom muaj tus yuam sij cryptographic uas tuaj yeem ua rau tag nrho cov kab ke yog tias nws poob rau hauv tes tsis raug. Tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom saib lwm txoj hauv kev uas ua kom zoo dua siv cov ntawv pov thawj xoom-paub thiab tsis xav tau tus yuam sij li no.

9. Kev kwv yees kwv yees

• Kev paub txog technology. Cov kws tshawb fawb tam sim no tuaj yeem siv koj lub genome los kwv yees koj txoj kev pheej hmoo kis mob plawv lossis mob qog noj ntshav mis, thiab txawm tias koj IQ.

• Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb rau kev vam meej technocratic? DNA-raws li kev kwv yees tej zaum yuav yog qhov kev noj qab haus huv loj tom ntej rau pej xeem, tab sis lawv yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ntxub ntxaug lwm yam.

• Cov players tseem ceeb. Helix; 23andMe; Myriad Genetics; UK Biobank; koom koom haum

• Muaj. Muaj tam sim no.

Nws hloov tawm tias feem ntau cov kab mob thiab ntau tus cwj pwm thiab kev coj cwj pwm, nrog rau kev txawj ntse, tsis yog los ntawm ib lossis ntau cov noob, tab sis muaj ntau yam ua haujlwm hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj. Siv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb txog caj ces loj, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim qhov hu ua "polygenic kev soj ntsuam kev pheej hmoo."

Thaum kuaj DNA tshiab muab kev ntseeg siab ntau dua li kev kuaj mob, lawv tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kho mob. Cov tuam txhab lag luam tseem tuaj yeem siv cov ntsiab lus hauv kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob xws li Alzheimer's lossis kab mob plawv. Los ntawm kev xaiv cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb uas muaj feem yuav mob ntau dua, lawv tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas cov tshuaj zoo npaum li cas.

Qhov teeb meem yog, kev kwv yees nyob deb ntawm qhov zoo meej. Leej twg xav paub seb lawv puas tuaj yeem tsim tus kab mob Alzheimer? Cov qhab nia Polygenic kuj tseem muaj teeb meem vim lawv tuaj yeem kwv yees txhua yam zoo, tsis yog kab mob xwb. Piv txwv li, tam sim no lawv tuaj yeem kwv yees kwv yees li 10 feem pua ntawm ib tus neeg qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev xeem IQ. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig tau txhim kho, nws zoo li qhov kev kwv yees DNA IQ yuav dhau los tas li. Tab sis cov niam txiv thiab cov kws qhia ntawv yuav siv cov ntaub ntawv no li cas?

10. Quantum Leap ntawm cov ntaub ntawv

• Kev paub txog technology. IBM tau ua qauv qauv hluav taws xob ntawm cov qauv me me uas siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob xya-cyclic quantum.

• Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb rau kev vam meej technocratic? Kev nkag siab txog cov molecules hauv kev nthuav dav yuav ua rau cov kws kho mob tsim cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev faib hluav taws xob.

• Cov players tseem ceeb. IBM; Google; Harvard's Alán Aspuru-Guzik

• Muaj. Hauv 5-10 xyoo

Ib lub sijhawm plausible thiab tempting: meej molecular tsim.

Chemists twb npau suav txog cov proteins tshiab rau cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab rau cov roj teeb zoo dua, cov khoom sib txuas uas tuaj yeem tig lub hnub ci ncaj qha rau hauv cov roj ua kua, thiab ntau lub hnub ci zoo dua.

Peb tsis muaj cov khoom no vim tias cov molecules tsis yooj yim rau kev ua qauv ntawm lub computer classical.

Tab sis qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem ntuj rau quantum computers, uas, tsis yog cov khoom siv digital uas sawv cev rau 1s thiab 0s, siv "qubits," uas yog lawv tus kheej quantum systems. Tsis ntev los no, IBM cov kws tshawb fawb tau siv xya-qubit quantum computer los simulate ib qho me me molecule ua los ntawm peb atoms.