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Circular viking fortresses
Circular viking fortresses

Video: Circular viking fortresses

Video: Circular viking fortresses
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Danish archaeologists tau tshawb pom lub thib tsib lub nplhaib zoo li lub fortress ntawm Vikings thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm tus naas ej Harald kuv Blue-tooth. Cov kws tshawb fawb tham txog vim li cas cov kev tshawb pom no tau muab tag nrho lub tswv yim ntawm Vikings upside down.

Thaum xyoo 1930s archaeologists nrhiav tau plaub lub nplhaib zoo li lub fortresses nyob rau hauv Denmark, qhov no nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev tau tig lub tswv yim ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txog Vikings thiab lawv lub neej. Medieval warriors tau hloov tsis tau tsuas yog marauder-raiders, tab sis ib tug complex, technologically advanced haiv neeg rau lawv lub sij hawm, txwv tsis pub xws fortifications tsuas yog tsim tsis tau. Tsis ntev los no, Danish archaeologists tau pom lwm, tsib lub fortress, uas thawj zaug nyob rau hauv 60 xyoo tau muab rau cov neeg sau keeb kwm nrog lub sijhawm zoo los kawm yav dhau los zoo dua.

Lub fortress tshiab, Borgring, tau pom siv cov txheej txheem LIDAR laser scanning, uas ua rau muaj kev daws teeb meem siab 3D daim duab qhia chaw ntawm thaj chaw. Lub fortress nyob rau ntawm cov kob ntawm Zealand, sab qab teb ntawm Copenhagen. Lub tsev nws tus kheej yog lub voj voog zoo meej nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 144 meters. Lub fortress muaj 4 lub ntsiab nkag, thiab sab nrauv rampart yog paved nrog ntoo thiab npog nrog lub ntiaj teb. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov qauv ntoo qhia tias Borging tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm 970-980.

Qhov tseeb, archaeologists pom lub fortress rov qab rau hauv 2014, tab sis tsuas yog tam sim no lawv tau luam tawm lawv thawj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws qhia txog kev kawm ntawm cov qauv qub. Kev tshawb fawb xam phaj txoj kev tshawb fawb tus thawj coj, Søren Michael Sindberk, kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm University of Aarhus hauv Denmark:

Pom lub fortress li cas?

Yuav luag ib zaj dab neeg detective txuas nrog qhov no. Kawm txog lub nplhaib fortresses, nyob rau hauv ib co taw tes kuv tuaj mus rau lub xaus hais tias lawv qhov chaw tsis muaj kev nkag siab: qhov twg, raws li lub logic, lub fortress tom ntej yuav tsum tau nyob, muaj ib tug gaping void - qhov no tsis tshwm sim! Yog li ntawd, kuv tau tawm mus rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov toj roob hauv pes uas yuav qhia qhov twg los nrhiav lub fortress.

Muaj ob peb qhov chaw sab laug hauv Denmark qhov twg cov qauv no tuaj yeem pom - kev nkag mus rau dej yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no, nrog rau qhov chaw yooj yim ntawm txoj kev hauv av. Ntxiv mus, nrog kev pab los ntawm LIDAR, Denmark ib zaug tau ua ib daim ntawv qhia zoo volumetric tsis yog ntawm ib cheeb tsam ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis ntawm tag nrho lub xeev tag nrho - qhov no zoo heev simplified kev tshawb fawb.

Ntev npaum li cas lub fortress tau muab zais hauv av?

Kev ua liaj ua teb nyob ib puag ncig nws tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Tau ntau pua xyoo, medieval peasants plowed thiab leveled lub teb chaws, yog li ntawd los ntawm peb tuaj txog ib nrab-meter mounds tseem nyob ntawm lub ramparts, NW nyuam qhuav pom nyob rau hauv cov toj roob hauv pes. Nws yuav yog ib qho nyuaj rau convince ib tug neeg paub qab hau uas thaum ub fortifications muab zais nyob rau hauv nws ob txhais taw - ces LIDAR dotted lub i's.

Vim li cas Vikings tsim lub nplhaib zoo li lub fortresses?

Lub nplhaib yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau lub fortress. Nws npog thaj tsam loj tshaj plaws thiab tsis muaj cov ces kaum, cov ntsiab lus yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub fortification. Tsis muaj kev nkag siab zoo hauv kev muab cov phab ntsa fortress zoo li lub voj voog zoo tagnrho, tab sis, pom tau tias, Harald I Gormsson, lub npe menyuam yaus "Bluetooth" (tus tom qab uas lub tshuab Bluetooth hu ua) muaj nws tus kheej nyiam architectural: feem ntau ntawm cov fortresses, ua thaum lub sij hawm nws reign, muaj ib tug zoo kawg nkaus puag ncig.

Tus tswv tau hais meej meej txog kev tsim kho, uas tsis yog tsuas yog lub koob meej tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab lub peev xwm ntawm fortresses kom sib txuas lus sai sai thaum muaj kev hem thawj los ntawm sab nraud.

Puas yog Vikings tsim lub nplhaib fortresses?

Feem ntau yuav - tsis yog, lawv tau kawm txog qhov kev tsim kho tshiab zoo li no thaum tawm tsam ntawm Askiv. Raws li kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam Vikings tsis muaj npe, lub network ntawm kev tiv thaiv tau tsim muaj 100 xyoo ua ntej kev tsim kho ntawm lub fortress peb pom. Nws ua si nws lub luag hauj lwm zoo heev uas cov invaders tsis tuaj yeem tau txais ib qho foothold hauv av thiab rov qab mus rau lawv lub tebchaws - rau cov vaj ntxwv Anglo-Saxon nws yog ib qho kev yeej zoo. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias qee lub sijhawm Vikings tau txiav txim siab luam tawm cov tswv yim zoo li no.

Lub neej hauv lub fortress zoo li cas?

Feem ntau, oddly txaus, nws zoo nkauj kaj siab lug. Yog lawm, lub fortress tau tsim los ua ib qho kev tiv thaiv, tab sis nws yog kev tiv thaiv ntau dua, yog li ntawd cov yeeb ncuab tsis txawm xav txog kev tawm tsam ntawm Viking thaj chaw. Los ntawm excavations yav dhau los, peb to taub meej tias tsis yog cov tub rog nyob hauv lub fortress. Sab nraum nws, peb pom faus cov poj niam thiab cov me nyuam: xav tias, huab tais nrog nws tsev neeg thiab nws retinue, kuj nrog lawv tsev neeg, tuaj yeem nyob hauv lub fortress.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tshiab twg tau kawm txog lub fortress no?

Qhov loj tshaj plaws surprise rau peb yog hais tias, tsis zoo li lwm yam fortresses, uas tau tso tseg twb tau txog ob xyoo lawm tom qab kev tsim kho, ob peb tiam neeg nyob rau hauv no ib tug. Peb pom ib lub nplhaib nyiaj uas zoo sib xws nrog lwm cov nyiaj hniav nyiaj hniav kub - nplhaib, pendants thiab necklaces - pom nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub fortresses twb excavated. Thaj, "peb" fortress tau tawm tsam yav dhau los: cov kab hluav taws kub pom ntawm lub rooj vag. Peb kuj pom ib lub rooj cob qhia kws ntoo, tso tseg thaum muaj hluav taws: nws muaj cov ntsia hlau, chisels, tus ntiv tes thiab cov khoom tawg ntawm lwm cov cuab yeej.

Leej twg tawm tsam lub fortress thiab yog vim li cas?

Hmoov tsis tsis muaj. Nws yog qhov xav tau los xav tias cov no yog cov yeeb ncuab ntawm Harald Bluetooth! Txij li thaum lub fortress nyob qhov twg lub Danish av yog ntxuav los ntawm lub hiav txwv Baltic, feem ntau cov yeeb ncuab yuav yog tag nrho cov tib Vikings - txawm Swedish. Tseeb tiag, cov pov thawj keeb kwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua loj ntawm Danes thiab Swedes hauv thaj tsam no tau nqis los rau peb.

Vim li cas cov tsev no tseem ceeb heev?

Lub nplhaib fortresses yog qhov paub tsis meej loj tshaj plaws rau Viking archaeologists txij li xyoo 1930. Tib neeg tsuas tsis tuaj yeem ntseeg tias Vikings tuaj yeem tsim ib yam dab tsi zoo li no hauv lawv lub tebchaws! Tom qab tag nrho, lawv tau raug suav hais tias yog pirates, cov neeg tua tsiaj qus, yog li thaum xub thawj txhua tus xav tias cov fortresses tau tsim los ntawm txawv teb chaws conquerors.

Tab sis dhau sij hawm, cov ntaub ntawv tau dhau los ua ntau dua, thiab peb pom tau tias kev tsim kho tau pib los ntawm tus huab tais Danish nws tus kheej - thiab qhov no ua rau muaj kev ntsuam xyuas tseem ceeb ntawm txhua yam peb paub txog Vikings. Tau kawg, lawv yog cov tub rog tawv tawv - tab sis cov tub rog los ntawm ib lub koom haum zoo heev thiab muaj kev coj noj coj ua.

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