Kev kho hniav puas yuav txhim kho yav tom ntej thiab koj tuaj yeem xav li cas los ntawm nws?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Xav txog hnub uas tus hniav tshiab yuav loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib lub chaw kho hniav los hloov tus uas ploj lawm. Los yog thaum tus neeg hlau yuav muab cov hniav tso, thiab nws yuav muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tus menyuam los ntawm caries txawm tias ua ntej nws thawj cov hniav tawg. Lub sijhawm no tsis nyob deb li qhov nws yuav zoo li. Kev kho hniav yog nyob rau ntawm verge ntawm lub sijhawm tshiab amazing - peb yuav xav txog lawv hnub no.

Txhuam txhuam hniav ntse

Kev khaws cov hniav pib nrog kev tu kom zoo. Tsis ntev, peb lub tsev yuav muaj ntau yam khoom siv ntse. Thiab chav dej tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb: siv tus txhuam hniav ntse yuav tsis zoo li ib yam dab tsi tawm ntawm qhov dog dig.

Thawj cov khoom siv no twb tau tshwm sim hauv khw. Lawv txoj haujlwm yog pab koj ntxuav koj cov hniav kom zoo. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntse yuav ua rau nws yooj yim dua los tswj xyuas qhov ncauj kom zoo thiab tiv thaiv cov quav hniav kom zoo dua.

Cov txhuam hniav ntse Prophix los ntawm Onvi nrog kev ua yeeb yaj kiab / © smart-home.market

Ib qho ntawm cov tuam txhab hluav taws xob ua lag luam tau tshaj tawm cov txhuam hniav zoo sib xws. Siv Bluetooth, nws txuas rau koj lub xov tooj smartphone, uas tau rub tawm daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Nws muaj cov sensors uas taug qab li cas koj txhuam koj cov hniav hauv lub sijhawm. Nws tag nrho ua haujlwm yooj yim heev.

Thaum koj txhuam koj cov hniav, tus txhuam hniav ntse ua ib daim ntawv qhia 3D ntawm koj lub qhov ncauj, uas qhia koj yuav ua li cas thiab qhov twg cov hniav koj txhuam. Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub smartphone yuav tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv uas tau txais nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem thiab qhia rau koj cov hniav uas koj them me ntsis rau, thiab qhov twg, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, txhuam heev kom huv si. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev zov me nyuam yuav ceeb toom koj yog tias koj mob siab dhau thaum txhuam koj cov hniav.

Thomas Serval tau tsim ib lub cuab yeej uas muaj peev xwm tswj xyuas qhov xwm txheej thiab kev huv ntawm qhov ncauj / © startsmile.ru

Rau cov menyuam yaus, muaj hom kev ua si uas yuav qhia lawv kom tsis tu ncua thiab txhuam lawv cov hniav - zoo li tus kws kho hniav saib xyuas txhua hnub koj thiab koj tus menyuam saib xyuas koj cov hniav li cas.

Kev kho hniav digital thiab kev txawj ntse

Artificial txawj ntse twb dhau los ua qhov tseeb hauv ntau qhov chaw thiab xav tias yuav cuam tshuam rau kev kho hniav hauv xyoo tom ntej. Nrog rau kev tshwm sim ntawm kev kho hniav digital, cov kws kho mob cov chaw ua haujlwm yuav sau cov ntaub ntawv kho mob rau tus neeg mob, los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho mob hauv hluav taws xob mus rau 3D qauv ntawm lub qhov ncauj.

Lub khoos phis tawj nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo dua tuaj yeem kuaj pom cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob caries / © pro-spo.ru

Cov ntaub ntawv no yog xav tau hauv kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub ntawm tus kws kho hniav, tab sis nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua hauv virtual "tes" ntawm cov tshuab tsim los ntawm AI. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv loj heev thiab tom qab ntawd qhia cov kev kho mob thiab kwv yees cov teeb meem kho hniav ua ntej lawv tshwm sim.

Ua tsaug rau kev txawj ntse txawj ntse, kev kuaj pom hniav tuaj yeem ua tau ntau dua. Los ntawm kev ntsuas peb-dimensional dluab ntawm tus neeg mob lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, qhov kev pab cuam lub computer yuav ua tau zoo dua nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam cov tsos mob ntawm incipient caries.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuab ntse yuav xyuas kom meej tias cov tshuaj lossis cov txheej txheem tau muab tso ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj uas tus neeg mob tau txais thiab tsis ua rau muaj kev phiv.

Robotics

Surgical robots twb tau ua lawv qhov chaw hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Tsis ntev lawv yuav dhau los ua tus tswv ntawm kev phais hniav tag nrho. Xyoo 2017, hauv ib lub tsev kho mob hauv Suav nroog Xi'an, tus kws kho hniav neeg hlau tau ua tiav kev phais hniav ntawm tus neeg muaj sia nyob thawj zaug. Raws li kev saib xyuas, tab sis ntawm nws tus kheej thiab tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob, nws tau teeb tsa ob lub hniav cuav rau tus neeg mob. Ntxiv mus, ob qho tib si cog tau 3D luam tawm.

Cov neeg tsim khoom ntseeg tias kev siv cov neeg hlau yuav daws qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov tsis muaj kws kho hniav tsim nyog hauv lub tebchaws. Hauv Suav teb, kwv yees li ib lab kev cog qoob loo tau teeb tsa txhua xyoo, tab sis ntau tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob dua vim qhov kev phais tsis raug. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cov neeg hlau yuav ua rau cov txheej txheem kho hniav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab pab txo lub sijhawm kho.

3D luam ntawv

3D tshuab luam ntawv twb tau ua lawv txoj hauv kev kho hniav. Lawv muab kev pab tsis muaj nuj nqis hauv cov chaw kho hniav. Yav dhau los, kev tsim cov qauv hauv kev kho hniav prosthetics, tsim nyog los tsim ib tus neeg prosthesis, tau ua manually. Nws yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj thiab siv sijhawm. Niaj hnub no 3D luam ntawv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm yuav luag tag nrho automate nws.

Luam tawm los ntawm paraffin-muaj photopolymer rau tom ntej casting yam tsis muaj tshauv, siv tus qauv kub ntawm kev kub hnyiab / © belodent.org

Lawm, koj thawj zaug yuav tsum tau ua 3D scan ntawm lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xeev ntawm tag nrho lub puab tsaig system siv lub magnetic resonance imaging tshuab. Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais yog thauj mus rau hauv lub computer, qhov twg 3D qauv ntawm tus neeg mob cov hniav raug tsim.

Tam sim no lub tshuab luam ntawv tuaj yeem luam tawm tus qauv 3D ntawm lub puab tsaig, cov kev xav ntawm kev kho hniav, cov lus qhia kev phais uas xav tau rau kev txhim kho cov khoom cog, thiab ntau ntxiv. Xws li lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim cov braces.

Txawm li cas los xij, txog tam sim no cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv 3D luam ntawv tsis yog biocompatible txaus siv rau lub sijhawm ntev, thiab qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev tsim cov implants. Tab sis nws tsis siv ntau lub tswv yim los txiav txim siab: vim li ntawd, 3D luam ntawv yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim cov ntawv sau tag nrho, uas tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ua tiav thiab polishing ua ntej kev teeb tsa.

Virtual kev muaj tiag

Virtual reality technology muaj peev xwm los hloov pauv txoj kev kawm rau cov kws kho hniav, ob qho tib si hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab hauv cov chav kawm txuas ntxiv. Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Pennsylvania Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kho Hniav tau siv VR tsom iav los sim cov txheej txheem kho hniav rau ntau xyoo.

Ib yam li ntawd, tus kws kho mob xyaum, hauv kev npaj rau kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, tuaj yeem tso rau ntawm lub tsom iav virtual thiab ua tiav tag nrho cov haujlwm yav tom ntej ntawm kev kho hniav simulator txij thaum pib mus rau qhov kawg.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov neeg mob tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev nce qib hauv VR thev naus laus zis txhawm rau txhawm rau taug kev zoo siab virtual thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab tsis tsom mus rau qhov tsis txaus siab.

Hauv ib qho kev sim, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Netherlands thiab United Kingdom tau nrhiav ib pawg ntawm 80 tus neeg uas xav tau kev pab los ntawm kws kho hniav. Cov neeg koom tau muab faib ua peb pawg. Thawj ob yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub tsom iav virtual thaum lub sij hawm kho hniav. Ib pab neeg "mus ncig" raws ntug hiav txwv hiav txwv, lwm tus "taug kev" ncig lub nroog. Pab pawg thib peb tau txais kev tswj hwm: nws cov neeg koom tsuas yog ntsia ntawm lub qab nthab.

Kev muaj tiag hauv kev kho hniav / © stomatologclub.ru

Raws li nws tau muab tawm, cov neeg tau nkag mus rau hauv "ntev ntug dej hiav txwv" virtual kev muaj tiag tom qab cov txheej txheem qhia txog kev ntxhov siab thiab mob tsawg dua li cov neeg mob taug kev los ntawm lub nroog virtual, thiab ntau dua li cov neeg los ntawm pawg tswj hwm.

Tiv thaiv cov hniav lwj

Peb twb tau zoo heev nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cataloging lub genomes ntawm tib neeg, tsiaj txhu thiab microbes. Txog niaj hnub no, cov genomes ntawm ntau pua hom kab mob uas nyob hauv biofilms ntawm qhov chaw kho hniav, nyob rau hauv cov hniav kab mob plaques thiab ntawm qhov chaw cog qoob loo tau ua tiav. Peb cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj lawm ntawm tib neeg thiab microbial genome muab sijhawm tshiab rau kev kho tshuaj zoo.

Piv txwv li, Streptococcus mutans yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog cov hniav lwj. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov hniav lwj los ntawm kev hloov sucrose rau hauv lactic acid. Tam sim no peb paub tias nws tau dhau los ntawm niam txiv mus rau tus menyuam hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej.

Kho cov quav hniav nyob rau hauv lub tshuab tsom iav / © stomatologclub.ru

Cov noob caj noob ces tuaj yeem pab nrhiav txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv tus kabmob no. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem tsom mus rau kev kho noob caj noob ces txhawm rau txhawm rau cov txheej txheem hauv cov kab mob lawv tus kheej uas tswj cov kua qaub ntau lawm, cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov piam thaj metabolism uas ua rau cov hniav lwj. Peb tuaj yeem tsom qhov kev xaiv tshem tawm ntawm Streptococcus mutans hauv qhov ncauj biofilms.

Regeneration ntawm cov hniav

Kev loj hlob ntawm cov hniav twb dhau los ua lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb rau yav tom ntej. Regeneration yuav tsum hloov prosthetics thiab implantation. Stem cells yuav tuaj cawm tau ntawm no, vim hais tias, raws li koj paub, lawv muaj peev xwm tsim tau rau hauv txhua hom hlwb, thiab tseem tuaj yeem pab "kho" cov hniav.

Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias tam sim no, thaum dentin puas lawm, cov qia hlwb hauv cov tawv nqaij tuaj yeem txav mus rau hauv nws thiab koom nrog kev kho cov hniav. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsuas yog ib tug nyias txheej ntawm dentin yog tsim los tiv thaiv sab hauv ntawm cov hniav. Ob lub dentin thiab cov hniav enamel yog ib qho ntawm ob peb cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tib neeg lub cev uas tsis tuaj yeem rov tsim dua tshiab. Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab raug mob, lub ntim ntawm cov hniav yog rov qab los nrog kev pab los ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog.

Cov hlab ntsha zoo li cas hauv lub tshuab tsom iav / © stomatologclub.ru

Cov kws tshawb fawb muaj ntau lub tswv yim yuav ua li cas siv cov qia hlwb kom rov tsim cov hniav. Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm King's College London pom tias cov tshuaj

Tideglusib, Ameslikas tsim los kho Alzheimer's tus kab mob, nkoos qia hlwb nyob rau hauv lub pulp los tsim ntau dentin tshaj li niaj zaus.

Txawm li cas los xij, koj tseem tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis tau khawb cov hniav: thaj chaw puas los ntawm caries yuav tsum raug tshem tawm. Tom qab ntawd ib daim txhuam cev collagen soaked nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj yog muab tso rau hauv lub qhov, thiab lub qhov nws tus kheej yog kaw nrog kho hniav kua nplaum. Tom qab ob peb lub lis piam, daim txhuam cev dissolves thiab cov hniav rov qab.

Lwm txoj hauv kev los qhib cov qia hlwb yog irradiate lawv nrog lub zog qis laser. Bioengineers los ntawm Harvard's Wyss Institute tab tom ua haujlwm hauv cov lus qhia no.

Txog tam sim no, cov kev sim zoo sib xws tau ua tiav tsuas yog hauv cov nas kuaj. Tseem muaj ntau yam yuav tsum tau ua kom rov ua dua cov kev tshawb fawb no rau tib neeg thiab nkag siab txog qhov twg ntawm cov txheej txheem kho hniav yuav qhia lawv tus kheej thiab yuav raug pom zoo siv hauv cov chaw kho hniav.

Synthetic hniav enamel

Thaum qee cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov hniav, hauv Suav teb lawv tau tsim cov hniav cuav uas tuaj yeem siv rau thaj tsam ntawm cov hniav uas tsis muaj ntuj enamel.

Synthetic enamel, uas yog tsim los ntawm ib pawg kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Zhejiang University raws li kev coj ntawm Dr. Zhaoming Liu, yog zoo tib yam rau ntuj. Nws kiag li mimics nws lub ntuj complex qauv. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tuaj yeem tsim cov pawg ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm enamel - calcium phosphate.

Lawv hloov mus rau me me: tsuas yog ib thiab ib nrab nanometers hauv txoj kab uas hla. Xws li ib tug me me muab ib qho ntom ntom ntim ntawm pawg rau hauv cov qauv zoo ib yam li cov hniav enamel. Qhov no tsis tau ua tiav hauv kev sim yav dhau los. Triethylamine tuaj rau kev pab ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, los ntawm qhov uas nws muaj peev xwm ua kom qeeb cov adhesion ntawm pawg loj hlob.

Synthetic hniav enamel / © stomatologclub.ru

Cov kev sim hauv chav kuaj pom tau hais tias cov khoom siv dag zog tuaj yeem ua raws li cov muaju ntawm hydroxyapatite - cov pob zeb tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob txha thiab cov hniav - thiab tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab muaj zog rau lawv.

Tom qab ntawd, cov enamel tau sim ntawm tus neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb uas cov hniav poob nws vim yog kev sib cuag nrog hydrocyanic acid. Nws muab ob hnub tom qab cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj ntaub ntawv rau nws cov hniav: ces ib tug tuab crystalline zaj duab xis nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 2, 7 micrometers tsim rau lawv, uas nyob rau hauv lub dag lub zog thiab kuj mus puas yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev ua tsis tau zoo rau tib yam hniav enamel.