Lukomorye - nws nyob qhov twg?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Lukomorye yog ib lub npe thawj zaug uas peb paub hauv lub neej. Nws tsis pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia niaj hnub, tab sis nws yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Lukomorye kuj tau hais nyob rau hauv "Txoj Haujlwm ntawm Igor Txoj Kev Sib Tw" thiab hauv Lavxias lus dab neeg.

Lo lus "Lukomorye" txhais li cas?

Lo lus "lukomorye" suab txawv txawv thiab txawm tias zoo heev rau peb, tab sis nws cov lus piav qhia yog qhov zoo heev. Nws los ntawm Qub Slavonic "luk" thiab "sea". Lo lus "huv" txhais tau tias khoov. Lo lus nrog tib lub hauv paus nrog nws - "hneev", "khoov", "hneev" (ntawm lub eeb). Ntawd yog, "nqaj ntug hiav txwv" txhais tau tias yog ntug hiav txwv nkhaus ntawm hiav txwv, ib lub bay.

Lukomorye ze Pushkin

Peb kawm txog Lukomorye los ntawm prologue mus rau thawj ua hauj lwm zoo ntawm Alexander Pushkin, paj huam "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila". Pushkin piav txog Lukomorye yog ib qho chaw zoo heev "qhov twg Russia tsw", qhov twg muaj tsob ntoo ntoo qhib, nco txog txhua tus, nrog rau cov saw kub thiab cov miv kawm taug kev ntawm nws.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub prologue twb tau sau rau lub thib ob tsab ntawm paj huam, uas tau luam tawm 8 xyoo tom qab thawj tsab - nyob rau hauv 1828. Qhov no tuaj yeem qhia ntau yam txog keeb kwm ntawm Pushkin Lukomorye.

Los ntawm lub sij hawm no, Pushkin twb tau mus xyuas yav qab teb exile, qhov twg, ua ke nrog lub Raevskys, nws tau mus xyuas ob lub hiav txwv Azov thiab lub Crimea. General Raevsky los ntawm Gorochevodsk tau sau ntawv zoo siab rau nws tus ntxhais Elena: "Ntawm no lub Dnieper twb nyuam qhuav hla nws nrawm, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm nws muaj pob zeb Islands tuaj nrog ib tug hav zoov, siab heev, cov ntug dej hiav txwv kuj yog hav zoov nyob rau hauv cov chaw; nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, cov views yog txawv txawv picturesque, kuv tau pom me ntsis ntawm kuv txoj kev mus, uas kuv yuav piv nrog lawv."

Cov toj roob hauv pes no ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob rau tus txiv neej tub rog. Lawv tsuas pab tsis tau tab sis cuam tshuam rau tus kws sau paj huam Pushkin.

Saib ntxiv: Dab tsi yog "Lukomorye"

Thiab ua li cas txog Lukomorye?

Txawm li cas los xij, cov toj roob hauv pes yog cov toj roob hauv pes, tab sis li cas txog Lukomorye? Pushkin tau txais daim duab no nyob qhov twg, uas yuav tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub subconsciousness ntawm txhua tus neeg Lavxias teb sab?

Qhov chaw ib: Arina Rodionovna

Raws li koj paub, ntau lub tswv yim ntawm Pushkin's fairy tales tau tshwm sim los ntawm tus kws sau paj huam los ntawm nws tus nais maum. Cov neeg sau keeb kwm Pavel Annenkov, tus kws tshawb fawb Pushkin, tau sau tias ntau ntu ntawm Arina Rodionovna cov dab neeg tau piav qhia los ntawm Pushkin hauv nws txoj kev thiab hloov mus ua haujlwm. Ntawm no yog ib qho excerpt los ntawm "The Tale of Tsar Saltan", raws li hais los ntawm Annenkov: "Yog li ntawd, nws muaj ib tug miv:" Muaj ib tug ntoo qhib ze ntawm ntug hiav txwv dej, thiab nyob rau ntawm ntoo qhib muaj golden chains, thiab ib tug miv taug kev raws cov. chains: nws nce mus thiab qhia tales, nws mus down - nws hu nkauj."

Raws li peb tau pom, tus miv taug kev nce thiab nqis nrog Pushkin tus nais maum, uas yog, peb tab tom soj ntsuam nrog cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntoo zoo li Finno-Ugric kev lig kev cai. Tus miv ntawm no yog tib lub sijhawm tus saib xyuas ntawm ciam teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab tus neeg nruab nrab ntawm lawv.

Qhov chaw thib ob: "Lo lus hais txog Igor's Regiment."

Rov qab rau xyoo lyceum ntawm Pushkin, A. I. Musin-Pushkin tau luam tawm Tus Txheej Txheem ntawm Igor's Regiment. Tus Lay hais txog Lukomorye:

“Thiab cov qias neeg Kobyak los ntawm dos ntawm hiav txwv

los ntawm ironic zoo pl'kov Polovtsy

zoo li vortex, vytorzh:

thiab Kobyak poob rau hauv lub nroog Kiev, nyob rau hauv Gridnitsa Svyatoslavli.

Nyob rau hauv annals nws tau tshaj tawm tias cov Russians niaj hnub ntsib nomads nyob rau yav qab teb steppe: "nws yog qhov zoo dua los nyob nrog lawv hauv Luzѣmor kom sai li sai tau."

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, cov neeg nyob hauv Lukomorye yog Polovtsians, uas cov thawj coj ntawm Kiev tau nyob tsis tu ncua. Lukomorye yog lub npe ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Northern Azov cheeb tsam.

Qhov kev xav no, raws li S. A. Pletneva, tau lees paub los ntawm qhov tseeb tias "nws muaj peev xwm taug qab Lukomorian Polovtsi los ntawm cov pob zeb mlom (idols) pom hauv thaj tsam ntawm Dnieper qis. Lawv nyob rau lub sij hawm tsim ntawm Polovtsian sculpture, mus rau lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 12th-thaum ntxov 13th centuries."

Yog li, peb tuaj yeem hais tias Lukomorye (uas Pushkin glorified) yog qhov khoov ntawm sab qis ntawm Dnieper thiab Hiav Txwv Azov. Txawm tias niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv lub toponymy ntawm lub cheeb tsam Azov, ib tug yuav nrhiav tau echoes ntawm no keeb kwm nco: ob steppe dej Bolshoy thiab Maly Utlyuk. "Utluk" - "Otluk" - "Luka" yog txhais los ntawm Turkic li "pasture, meadow".

Hom ntoo qhib twg?

Nws kuj tseem nthuav kom nkag siab tias hom ntoo qhib Pushkin tau piav qhia li cas:

“Thiab kuv nyob ntawd, thiab kuv haus zib ntab;

Kuv pom ib tsob ntoo ntsuab ntawm ntug hiav txwv.”

Taug kev raws Dnieper-Azov steppe thaum nws raug ntiab tawm yav qab teb, Pushkin tuaj yeem hnov los ntawm cov neeg laus cov lus dab neeg txog Zaporozhye ntoo qhib uas loj hlob ntawm cov kob ntawm Khortitsa.

Tus huab tais Byzantine Constantine Porphyrogenitus tau sau txog nws: "Tom qab dhau qhov chaw no, cov neeg Lavxias mus txog cov kob ntawm St. Gregory (cov kob ntawm Khortitsa) thiab ntawm cov kob no lawv ua kev txi, txij li tsob ntoo ntoo loj hlob tuaj rau ntawd. Lawv muab cov qaib uas muaj sia nyob, muab cov xib xub nyob ib ncig, lwm tus nqa cov mov ci, nqaij thiab txhua tus muaj raws li lawv txoj kev cai."

Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub 70s ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo, tus Zaporozhye lub zos historian Ya. P. Novitsky kuj hais txog cov ntoo qhib no: "Tsib xyoos dhau los, lub dawb huv ntoo qhib withered nyob rau hauv cov kob ntawm Khortytsya. Nws twb branched thiab colossal thickness, sawv ib puas thiab tsib caug fathoms los ntawm Ostrov-Khortitskaya colonies ".

Nyeem kuj: Kev paub Vedic hauv kab ntawm Pushkin, ntu 1

Qhov twg ntxiv mus nrhiav Lukomorye?

Lukomorye pom tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm, "Lub Lay ntawm Igor lub phiaj los nqis tes" thiab Pushkin paj huam, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg. Afanasyev nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm "Lub tsob ntoo ntawm lub neej" sau tseg hais tias qhov no yog yuav ua li cas East Slavic mythology hu ua lub reserved qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ciam teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, qhov twg lub ntiaj teb no tsob ntoo hlob, so tawm tsam lub underworld thiab ncav lub ntuj. Karamzin kuj tau sau tias lo lus Lukomorye tau siv los ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub nceeg vaj sab qaum teb, qhov chaw uas tib neeg hibernate rau rau lub hlis, thiab nyob twj ywm rau rau lub hlis.

Ib txoj hauv kev los yog lwm qhov, hauv kev xav txog kev xav, Lukomorye yog ib hom av nyob rau ntawm ciam teb ntawm oecumene, feem ntau nyob rau sab qaum teb.

Lukomorye ntawm maps

Lukomorye tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab ib nrab zoo kawg nkaus anachronism, yog tias tsis yog rau Western European maps ntawm 16th-17th centuries, uas qhov chaw ntawm Lukomorye yog qhov tseeb.

Ob qho tib si ntawm daim duab qhia chaw ntawm Mercator (1546), thiab ntawm daim duab qhia chaw ntawm Gondius (1606), nrog rau ntawm daim duab qhia chaw ntawm Massa, Cantelli thiab Witsen, thaj chaw ntawm sab xis (sab hnub tuaj) ntug dej ntawm Ob Bay hu ua Lukomorye.

European cartographers lawv tus kheej tsis tau mus rau qhov chaw no. Feem ntau, thaum kos cov duab qhia chaw, lawv tso siab rau cov lus piav qhia ntawm thaj chaw no los ntawm cov neeg taug kev, tshwj xeeb yog Sigismund Herberstein. Nws muab nws nyob rau hauv "Notes on Muscovy": "nyob rau hauv lub roob nyob rau sab laug ntawm lub Ob", "Los ntawm lub Lukomorsk roob ntws tus dej Kossin. Ua ke nrog tus dej no, lwm tus dej Kassima pib, thiab tau ntws los ntawm Lukomoria, ntws mus rau hauv tus dej loj Takhnin."

Nicholas Witsen, uas luam tawm nws Carte Novelle de la Tartarie nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, muaj cov duab nraaj ntawm nws pov tseg. Ntawm nws daim ntawv qhia, qhov ntev ntawm Gulf of Ob sib haum rau qhov tseeb, thiab yog li ntawd "Lucomoria" yog lub npe ntawm Gulf of the Kara Hiav Txwv nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm cartography tsis muaj lub npe "Lukomorye", tab sis nws yog pom tseeb hais tias Western European cartographers lees paub Lukomorye li ancient lub npe ntawm Ob Bay.