Slavic-Aryan myths xwb raws li ib tug distortion ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Russia

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cov pej xeem Lavxias ntawm yav dhau los Soviet thaj chaw tau raug hloov pauv sai ntawm kev nom kev tswv, nyiaj txiag thiab kev sib raug zoo hauv nees nkaum xyoo dhau los.

Rau lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm lub teb chaws, koj tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau cov keeb kwm uas tsis tau muaj

Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias lawv tau nrog los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav lossis, ntau qhov tseeb, tsim lub teb chaws tshiab mythology. Nws kuj tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov dab neeg tshiab no tau nrhiav hauv kev ntseeg. Thiab yog hais tias lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Orthodoxy nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no paub zoo thiab to taub, lub zog ntawm Aryan tswv yim ntawm Russians tseem me ntsis kawm thiab txawm me ntsis to taub. Tab sis leej twg uas saib Lavxias teb sab kev nom kev tswv lossis kev txawj ntse lub neej tsis tuaj yeem pab tau tab sis pom tias ntxiv mus, ntau zaus "Slavic paganism" thiab "Aryan keeb kwm" ntawm Russians tau hais nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov lus ntawm qee cov nom tswv thiab cov neeg txawj ntse. Thiab tsis tau txhais hais tias qhov tsawg tshaj plaws pom nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws.

Rau lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm lub teb chaws, koj tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau cov keeb kwm uas tsis tau muaj

Behistun inscription yog carved los ntawm Persian vaj ntxwv Darius kuv nyob rau hauv 523-521 BC. e. Saum toj no cov ntawv cuneiform yog ib tug bas-relief ntawm Ahura Mazda, ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus deities ntawm Zoroastrianism. Diam duab (Creative Commons daim ntawv tso cai): dynamosquito

Txawm tias lees paub qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tshiab yam tsawg kawg qee tus cwj pwm loj, peb pom tias nws haum rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tshwm sim ntawm peb lub sijhawm, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov uas yog tsim cov kab lig kev cai rau tus kheej, thiab hauv qhov zoo no nws yuav tsum tau ua. tau kawm thiab nkag siab. Kev rov qab los rau kev xav ntawm Aryan ntsiab lus siv ntau hom. Kev cai dab qhuas, peb tab tom pom qhov o sai ntawm qhov loj ntawm kev txav mus los ntawm kev rov kho dua qub Slavic paganism, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm "Lavxias teb sab Socialism" invented los ntawm Alexei Alexandrovich Dobrovolsky (Dobroslav); historiographically, peb pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug pom tseeb inclination los ua kom pom lub "glorious Aryan yav dhau los ntawm lub Rus"; Kev nom kev tswv, kev saib xyuas yog rub mus rau qhov maj mam txav ntawm Aryan allusions los ntawm arsenal ntawm ultra-txoj cai extremist tog rau hauv cov cuab yeej nom tswv ntawm ntau pab pawg, xws li Party of Spiritual Vedic Socialism ntawm Vladimir Danilov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov pej xeem tsis tuaj yeem lossis tsis xav pom tom qab Aryan dab neeg nws cov keeb kwm kev xav thiab keeb kwm kev sib raug zoo nrog Nazism.

Kev xa mus rau Aryan yav dhau los tsis yog tshiab rau Russia. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb Aryan keeb kwm ntawm ib co European haiv neeg yog borrowed los ntawm Lavxias teb sab Slavophiles los ntawm Western European xav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm German sawv daws yuav. Leej txiv lub tswv yim ntawm Slavophiles Alexei Stepanovich Khomyakov (1804-1860), zoo li ntau ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm - suav nrog Alexander Fedorovich Gilferding (1831-1872), Dmitry Ivanovich Ilovaisky (1832-1920) thiab Ivan Yegorovich Zabelin (1820-1908) hais tias cov Russians yog cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm ib tug ntawm cov ceg tseem ceeb ntawm tsev neeg ntawm Aryan haiv neeg, thiab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws nyob deb ntawm txoj kab ntawm ncaj kinship. Thiab tseem, thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, neo-paganism tsis loom nyob rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg Aryan, thiab Lavxias teb sab Orthodoxy tseem yog rau cov neeg txawj ntse hauv teb chaws no cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntseeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv vam tias yuav muab lawv txoj kev ntseeg Orthodox nrog kev xav kom tau txais ib tus neeg Aryan, sib cav tias Byzantium tuaj rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv ncaj qha los ntawm cov neeg Aryan, uas nws cov neeg Esxias lub txaj, hauv lawv lub tswv yim, nyob hauv Central Asia lossis Iran.

Qhov kev pom ntawm biblical keeb kwm no tau tso cai rau lawv los ntxuav lub Aryan lub tswv yim ntawm kev tawm tsam Semitism: tsis zoo li lawv cov neeg German, los ntawm kev thov ntawm Aryan keeb kwm rau cov neeg Lavxias, lawv tsis txav mus rau txim rau lub ntiaj teb cov neeg Yudais thiab tsis nug cov kev sib raug zoo uas koom ua ke. Christianity thiab Judaism. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm Soviet, qee cov neeg txawj ntse, ob qho tib si cov neeg nyob ze rau pawg ntseeg (Boris Rybakov thiab Apollo Kuzmin) thiab cov neeg tawm tsam (Pamyat zej zog thiab Vladimir Chivilikhin), rov pib tham txog "Aryan keeb kwm" ntawm qee cov neeg txawj ntse, tab sis cov lus dab neeg Aryan yeej tsis. ntog.

Nrog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub sij hawm Soviet nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, lub Aryan myths xwb coj nyob rau hauv ib tug kiag li qhib rau pej xeem lub neej. Ntau cov ntawv sau ua haujlwm los ntawm cov neeg nyiam ntawm Aryan lub tswv yim - xws li "Secrets of the Russian Land" lossis "Cov Keeb Kwm Tseeb ntawm Cov Neeg Lavxias" - pw ntawm lub txee ntawm cov khw muag ntawv Lavxias, ntawm cov tais ntawm Orthodox pawg ntseeg, ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv hauv nroog thiab tsev kawm qib siab. Cov nthwv dej no tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm ntau qhov kev hloov pauv keeb kwm yav dhau los uas tsis lees paub cov cai tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm los txhais cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm archaeology thiab keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab qhia tau tias cov ntaub ntawv no hloov mus rau thaum nyob rau hauv txhais tes ntawm cov neeg.

Cov ntawv no tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg: lawv txoj kev ncig mus txog kaum tawm txhiab daim ntawv luam (lossis ntau lab, yog tias peb nco qab, piv txwv li, cov phau ntawv ntawm Alexander Asov), thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus tam sim no tsim lub hauv paus ntawm kev xav ntawm ntau ntu. cov pej xeem hais txog keeb kwm ancient. Cov lus qhuab qhia tshiab haiv neeg tsim lub ntsiab lus Aryan feem ntau xaus rau kev ua haujlwm hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv thaj chaw lossis cov tswv cuab ntawm cov kev kawm tshiab uas nthuav dav hauv xyoo 1990. Tsis tshua muaj lawv muaj kev kawm tshwj xeeb keeb kwm, feem ntau ntawm lawv tau kawm nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb (lub cev thiab lej) lossis kev kawm txuj ci.

Nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv ntawm cov sau phau ntawv, cov Slavs yog systematically sawv cev raws li cov thawj civilized haiv neeg, uas twb muaj lawm rau txhiab xyoo, yog hais tias tsis yog kaum tawm txhiab xyoo. Nws yog cov Slavs, nyob rau hauv lawv lub tswv yim, uas qhia cov Greeks thaum ub los philosophize, cov Khab Khaublig - mus cog lub teb chaws, cov Europeans - sau, cov Semites - ntseeg nyob rau hauv ib tug Vajtswv, thiab lwm yam. sim mus nkaum qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub Slavic kev vam meej thiab zais cov Slavs nyob rau hauv ntau lub npe: Sumerians, Hittites, Etruscans, Egyptians … Russians, raws li lawv, ib txwm ua lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb, tseem unrecognized, nyob rau hauv txhua txhua heyday ntawm no los yog hais tias ancient civilization ntawm lub Mediterranean cheeb tsam. Lub cav ntawm kev txhawb siab ntawm Aryan dab neeg yog Veles Phau Ntawv, ib phau ntawv cuav uas tsim los ntawm ob tug neeg Lavxias teb sab emigrant nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States thiab muaj ib tug eclectic txheej ntawm fairy tales, legends thiab pej xeem nkauj. Nws tso cai rau txhua tus kws sau ntawv uas ntseeg nws qhov tseeb los tsim kho "thawj pantheon" ntawm Aryan vajtswv.

Cov neeg tiv thaiv niaj hnub ntawm Lavxias version ntawm Aryan dab neeg, zoo li nws cov neeg txhawb nqa German thiab European, muaj cov lus nug tseem ceeb faib lawv ua ob lub chaw pw hav zoov. Thaum qee tus xav txog cov steppes ntawm yav qab teb Russia yog lub txaj ntawm Aryan kev vam meej (piv txwv li, Elena Galkina), lwm tus nyiam nrhiav lub txaj no ze rau Arctic Circle (xws li Valery Demin). Txoj kev xav yav qab teb rau feem ntau rov tsim dua qhov laj thawj ntawm Slavophiles ntawm xyoo pua 19th: thawj Aryans, uas kuj yog yav tom ntej Russians, tsim kev vam meej muaj zog hauv thaj tsam steppe stretching ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub mus rau Hiav Txwv Caspian lossis txawm mus rau Central Siberia.. Kev koom tes nrog cov Scythians pom ntawm no ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev txheeb xyuas rov qab.

Txoj kev xav sab qaum teb yog ncaj qha los ntawm tus qauv German thiab tau xyaum tsis tuaj ntawm Slavophiles. Raws li cov qauv no, lub txaj ntawm Aryans yog Atlantis thaum ub, lub teb chaws sab qaum teb uas ploj mus thaum muaj dej nyab loj heev. Tab sis nws cov pej xeem tswj kom khiav dim thiab tsiv mus nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm Russia yav tom ntej. Lub Hyperborea mysterious, uas tsis tau pom los ntawm Germanic enthusiasts ntawm lub Aryan dab neeg, yog li nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm Russia - qhov no thesis ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muab tshwj xeeb muaj nuj nqis rau cov nplua nuj pej xeem ntawm cov chaw. Theorists uas tau coj txoj hauj lwm no txawv ntawm lawv cov neeg tawm tsam hauv kev ntxub ntxaug lwm haiv neeg: Arctic dab neeg yog inextricably txuas nrog lub tswv yim ntawm lub superiority ntawm primordial dawb haiv neeg, cov neeg sawv cev purest uas yog cov Russians. Thiab yog li ntawd, nws yog Russia uas ntsib txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsim Lub Plaub Reich, lub tebchaws Aryan tshiab ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

Aryan zam tsis tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim raws li qhov sib npaug ntawm cov keeb kwm yav dhau los tsim tawm sab nraum lub tsev kawm ntawv phab ntsa thiab sab nraud kev kawm. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qee tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb tom qab-Soviet ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshaj tawm cov tswv yim no. Qee tus paub zoo Indologists, piv txwv li, tab tom nrhiav rau cov piv txwv ntawm qhov tshwm sim zoo sib xws ntawm sab ntsuj plig lub neej ntawm cov neeg Khab Khab thaum ub thiab cov Slavs thaum ub txhawm rau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas Aryan keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg Lavxias nrog lawv txoj kev pab, txhawb nqa "Arctic tog" raws li ib qho kev paub zoo. tag nrho. Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm xws li lub rooj sib tham ntawm kev sib tham txog kev tshawb fawb thiab haiv neeg mythology tau tsim los nrog kev tshawb pom ntawm Arkaim.

Nyob rau hauv 1987, ib pab pawg neeg ntawm archaeologists nrhiav tau ib tug fortified nyob ze Chelyabinsk yos los ntawm lub 17th - 16th centuries BC. e. Cov fortifications zoo sib xws tau paub ntev ntev hauv Central Asia, tab sis thawj zaug xws li lub tsev dav dav tau pom nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Russia kom raug. Nws yuav tsum tau mus rau hauv dej thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho lub reservoir tshiab, thiab lub zos scientific zej zog cia siab tias yuav cawm tau lub keeb kwm monument, insisting rau nws tiag tiag uniqueness. Heev sai heev, cov teg num tau cuam tshuam los ntawm haiv neeg uas nthuav tawm Arkaim ua lub peev ntawm ancient Lavxias-Aryan kev vam meej; Qee tus ntawm lawv txawm pom cov kab ntawm Zarathustra hauv Arkaim. Qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv teb chaws no ntawm kev tshawb pom kev tshawb fawb yog, rau qee qhov, tau pom zoo los ntawm ib feem ntawm cov zej zog kev tshawb fawb, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm nws cov lus tsis txaus siab tau mus txog qhov tsis tau pom dua, tsis muaj kev tawm tsam. Qee tus kws tshawb fawb hauv zos, nrog rau qee tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tsoomfwv nom tswv hauv nroog, txawm tias ua lub luag haujlwm tsis meej pem hauv kev tshaj tawm cov lus dab neeg no.

Txawm li cas los xij, Russia tam sim no tsis yog tib lub tebchaws uas Aryan txav tau ua haujlwm ntau dua. Kuj tseem muaj cov neeg tawm tsam nyob rau sab hnub poob, raus hauv lawv cov Celtic yav dhau los, uas tawm tswv yim rov qab mus rau "druid kev ntseeg" ntawm pre-Christian Europe. Lub neo-pagan nom tswv anchors ntawm txoj cai nyob deb-txoj cai haiv neeg lub tswv yim tsis yog tshwj xeeb rau Lavxias teb sab inventions: qhov no yog ib tug txheej txheem feem ntau siv los ntawm lawv Western counterparts. Rau feem ntau, ob qho tib si Fabkis thiab German "cov neeg raug cai tshiab" sawv ntawm ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm European kev sib koom ua ke raws li tus neeg Aryan thiab lub siab xav koom nrog cov ntseeg Vajtswv, uas lawv liam txog ob txhiab xyoo ntawm "kev mus rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj." Qhov tshwm sim yog ib txwm zoo ib yam - ntau dua lossis tsawg dua qhib kev lees paub kev tawm tsam Semitism. Tseeb tiag, kev tshawb nrhiav qhov ploj "kev sib raug zoo" ntawm tib neeg thiab xwm txheej, lossis tus ntsuj plig ploj ntawm kev sib sau ua ke, sai sai ua rau kev tsim kho ntawm xenophobic theories, yog tias tsuas yog qhov kev sib haum xeeb no qhia txog kev cais tawm ntawm qee pawg neeg lossis lawv pawg.

Ua qauv qhia ntawm "Aryan Guard" hauv Canadian lub nroog Calgary thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2007. Cov pab pawg me me neo-Nazi no tau muaj txij li xyoo 2006 thiab hu rau "kaw lub qhov ncauj uas tom tes uas pub nws." Ntawm lawv lub vev xaib raug cai, lawv tshaj tawm tias lawv tau lees paub los ntxuav Canada ntawm "peb ntiaj teb neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw." Thaj, lawv xav tias lawv tus kheej yog cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv Aryan ntawm txhua tus neeg. Yees duab (Creative Commons license): Robert Thivierge

Nyob rau hauv Russia, lub zam rau lub Aryan kev txhawb siab yog txhawb nqa, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, los ntawm cov feem ntau universal qhov chaw: koj yuav tsum paub koj lub teb chaws yav dhau los - tsis tshua muaj leej twg yuav cam nrog cov thesis no. Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau kawm cov lus dab neeg hauv cheeb tsam. Yog li ntawd, lub embodiment ntawm folklore rov ua dua tshiab nyob rau hauv radical haiv neeg txoj kev xav tau ntsib nrog tag nrho cov kev txhawb nqa - raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev txaus siab ntawm cov pej xeem nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ancient Slavs, thiab nyob rau hauv ntau haiv neeg manifestations ntawm lub zos folklore, thiab nyob rau hauv lub reviving. ancient rituals thiab peasant superstitions txuam nrog lub cult ntawm lub teb chaws-breadwinner thiab sib tov nyob rau hauv "ob txoj kev ntseeg" Christian thiab pagan kev coj ua (ntau yam piv txwv uas muaj nyob rau hauv ethnographic qhov chaw). Apologists ntawm Aryan dab neeg ua tiav qhov kev xav tau ntawm lub neej muab lub teb chaws lub tswv yim, uas yuav lees paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm txuas ntxiv mus ntev (qhov zoo tshaj plaws, los ntawm lub sijhawm prehistoric) muaj nyob ntawm tib neeg thiab lub xeev, thaum kawg yuav ua rau nws. ua tau kom ciaj sia ploj mus ntawm lub Soviet Union thiab yuav xaiv cov kab lis kev cai thiab kev cai dab qhuas invariants ntawm lub xeev "Russianess".

Marlene Laruelle: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?