Leej twg yog Russians tiag tiag thiab dab tsi yog ib tug neeg Lavxias teb sab feem ntau zoo li?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Russia yog ib lub teb chaws ntawm nws thaj chaw cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau haiv neeg tau koom ua ke ntawm ib sab rau ntau txhiab xyoo. Qee tus ntawm lawv tau tswj xyuas lawv tus kheej, thaum lwm tus, los ntawm kev sib xyaw, maj mam poob lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Nws yog dav ntseeg hais tias cov ntshiab Lavxias teb sab ethnos tsis muaj nyob rau niaj hnub no. Lub Kramola portal hais txog ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb ua pov thawj qhov sib txawv.

Feem ntau Lavxias teb sab ntsej muag

Cov haiv neeg Lavxias tiag tiag zoo li cas? Puas yog nws tswj kom nws cov ntshav dawb huv, lossis nws puas tau yaj tag, nrog rau lwm haiv neeg? Cia peb sim ua kom tiav.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tus kws tshawb fawb Anatoly Bogdanov, uas tau koom nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev lom neeg ntawm tus txiv neej, tau sau tias cov lus hais txog txhua yam ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev zoo nkauj, feem ntau Lavxias teb sab ntsej muag tsis yog ib qho kev xav ntawm qee lub tswv yim paub daws teeb meem, tab sis. heev cov tswv yim hais txog yuav ua li cas ib tug neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab hom zoo li.

Tus kws tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm ntawm peb lub sijhawm Vasily Deryabin, raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txheeb xyuas lej sib txawv ntawm cov cim sib xyaw, xaus lus tias muaj kev sib koom ua ke tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg Lavxias thoob plaws Russia, thiab nws yog ib qho teeb meem loj heev kom paub qhov txawv hauv cheeb tsam nrog cov lus sib txawv.

Anthropologist ntawm lub Soviet era Viktor Bunak tsom rau qhov tseeb hais tias cov neeg Lavxias teb sab yog raws li nyob rau hauv Slavic keeb kwm, txawm hais tias nws tsis tsis kam lees muaj ib co ntawm cov Finno-Ugric, Baltic thiab Pontic ntshav. Tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias cov pej xeem Lavxias tau nqis los ntawm thawj hom Slavs, uas tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov sib tshuam ntawm thaj chaw Baltic anthropological nrog Neopontic.

Feem coob ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb pom zoo pom zoo tias cov neeg Russians yog Caucasian. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm los ntseeg tias nyob rau hauv txhua tus Lavxias teb sab muaj ib tug poob ntawm Tatar ntshav. Kev lees paub tseeb ntawm qhov no yog qhov yuav luag tiav ntawm epicanthus nyob rau hauv Russians - anthropological feature yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm haiv neeg Mongoloid.

Lub Tatar kab yog ib tug dab neeg

Geneticists, nrog rau anthropologists kawm txog qhov teeb meem ntawm keeb kwm ntawm haiv neeg, tuaj mus rau lub xaus hais tias ntawm tag nrho cov Eurasian haiv neeg, Lavxias teb sab yog kab tias cov purebred. Yog li, American geneticists, uas tau ua ib qho kev sim loj, tuaj rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hais tias cov pej xeem ntawm sab qaum teb hnub poob, nruab nrab thiab sab qab teb ntawm Russia yog xyaum tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi ntawm cov ntshav ntawm cov neeg Turkic, cov khoom sib xyaw uas, Raws li qhov dav tab sis kev xav yuam kev, yuav tsum tau nyob txij li lub sijhawm ntawm mythical Tatar-Mongol ntxeem tau. Cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim tias txog 4500 xyoo dhau los, ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Central Lavxias teb sab Plain, ib tug me nyuam tub yug los uas muaj ib tug halogroup txawv ntawm nws txiv, faib hnub no raws li R1a1. Qhov zoo kawg li kev muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv no tau txiav txim siab nws txoj kev tswj hwm nyob rau ntau txhiab xyoo tom ntej dhau ib thaj chaw loj ntawm Eastern Europe. Niaj hnub no, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg R1a1 halo yog 70% ntawm cov txiv neej nyob sab Europe ntawm Russia, Belarus thiab Ukraine, 57% - Poland, 40% - Czech koom pheej, Latvia, Slovakia thiab Lithuania, 18% - Sweden, Lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Norway. Interestingly, txawm nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb, 16% ntawm cov txiv neej koom nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg no, thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub siab dua castes no daim duab mus txog 47%.

Cov noob caj noob ces

Niaj hnub no qhov kev lees paub tau nthuav dav tias cov neeg Lavxias tiag tiag tsis nyob hauv Russia lawm, tias lawv tau sib xyaw nrog lwm haiv neeg. Txawm li cas los, raws li Lavxias teb sab geneticist Oleg Balanovsky, cov tswv yim tshawb fawb DNA kiag li refutes no dab neeg. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias cov neeg Lavxias yog cov neeg monolithic. Cov Russians tau txais lawv cov kev tawm tsam rau assimilation los ntawm lawv cov noob caj noob ces, cov pab pawg neeg Slavic, uas tau tswj xyuas lawv tus kheej thaum lub sij hawm Great Migration. Cov pab pawg tshawb fawb coj los ntawm Balanovsky pom tias cov neeg Lavxias muaj cov yam ntxwv siab dua ntawm kev sib txawv dua li, piv txwv li, cov Germans, tab sis tsawg dua cov Italians.

Lwm lo lus nug tseem ceeb, uas Balanovsky tab tom nrhiav rau cov lus teb, kev txhawj xeeb yuav ua li cas ncaj ncees yog xav txog Finno-Ugric li cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm niaj hnub Russians. Tus kws tshawb fawb sau tseg tias txoj kev kawm ntawm cov noob caj noob ces ntawm sab qaum teb ceg ntawm Russians qhia qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev txhais cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hauv Lavxias teb sab ethnos, xws li, uas lawv tau txais los ntawm cov neeg Finno-Ugric assimilated.

Niaj hnub no, geneticists tau tsim unequivocally lub xub ntiag ntawm ob genetic progenitors ntawm Lavxias teb sab ethnos: sab qaum teb thiab yav qab teb, uas tau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim ntawm ob pawg ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tham txog lawv lub hnub nyoog tshwj xeeb thiab keeb kwm tam sim no nyuaj heev.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg neeg sab qaum teb ntawm Russians muaj qhov zoo sib xws hauv cov txiv neej kab Y-chromosome cov cim nrog cov neeg Baltic, thaum kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg Finno-Ugric, txawm tias taug qab, nyob deb dua. Cov cwj pwm kis raws tus poj niam kab los ntawm mitochondria ntawm DNA qhia tias muaj qhov sib xws hauv cov noob caj noob ces ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Lavxias North thiab Western / Central Europe.

Txoj kev kawm ntawm autosomal cov cim tseem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm qhov ze ntawm sab qaum teb Russians nrog rau lwm cov neeg nyob sab Europe thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg Finno-Ugric. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no, raws li cov noob caj noob ces, muab lub laj thawj rau ntseeg hais tias ib tug ancient Paleo-European substrate tau ciaj sia nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab qaum teb, uas tom qab ntawd underwent kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb los ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov ancient Slavs.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg Lavxias teb sab yog nyob rau sab qab teb-central pab pawg neeg, uas yog ib feem ntawm ib tug tib genetic pawg nrog Belarusians, Poles thiab Ukrainians. Cov neeg nyob sab hnub tuaj Slavic yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib koom siab siab thiab sib txawv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Turkic, North Caucasian thiab Finno-Ugric cov neeg nyob hauv ib puag ncig. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias thaj chaw uas muaj cov pej xeem nrog cov noob caj noob ces Lavxias yuav luag tag nrog cov khoom uas yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Kingdom thaum lub sij hawm kav ntawm Ivan lub txaus ntshai.

Cov purebred Russians nyob qhov twg?

Txhawm rau kom paub tias thaj chaw twg muaj pes tsawg tus neeg Russians nyob ntau tshaj plaws, ntxiv rau kev kawm txog genotype, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb ntxiv. Raws li kev suav pej xeem zaum kawg hauv tebchaws Russia, 80% ntawm cov neeg teb tau suav tias lawv tus kheej yog neeg Lavxias, uas yog, ntau dua 111 lab tus tib neeg. Los ntawm cheeb tsam, qhov loj tshaj plaws concentration ntawm Russians yog pom nyob rau hauv: Moscow cheeb tsam (tsis suav lub peev) - 6,2 lab, Krasnodar cheeb tsam - 4,5 lab, Rostov cheeb tsam - 3,8 lab, St. Petersburg - 3,9 lab, thiab nyob rau hauv Moscow nws tus kheej - 9.9 lab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsis yog qhov tseeb los xav txog Moscow lub nroog nrog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov pej xeem Lavxias.

Tus kws kho mob ntawm Biological Sciences Elena Balanovskaya koom nrog niaj hnub megacities nrog lub qhov dub, nyob rau hauv uas lub gene pas dej ua ke ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg yog nqus nyob rau hauv thiab ploj mus yam tsis muaj ib tug kab. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, lub ntshiab Lavxias teb sab gene pas dej tauv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov haiv neeg nyob deb nroog cov pej xeem ntawm Central Russia thiab Lavxias teb sab North.

Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev feem ntau hu rau Lavxias North yog qhov tseeb ntawm haiv neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai, qhov twg rau ntau pua xyoo ib txoj hauv kev ntawm lub neej tau khaws cia rau hauv lub xeev tsis zoo thiab qhov chaw uas cov noob hauv Lavxias tau khaws cia.

Lavxias teb sab ethnographers, tau teem lawv tus kheej lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov cheeb tsam uas qhov loj tshaj concentration ntawm cov thawj Lavxias teb sab pej xeem nyob, coj raws li lub hauv paus rau cov pejxeem, ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lawv sib yuav, thiab lawv cov me nyuam tseem nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv cov pejxeem. Tag nrho cov pej xeem ntawm thaj av poj koob yawm txwv nyob rau hauv Russia yog 30,25 lab tus tib neeg, thiab tsis suav nrog lub nroog - 8,79 lab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm 22 thaj chaw mus rau thaj tsam Nizhny Novgorod, uas suav txog 3,52 tus neeg Lavxias qub.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias tau ua txoj kev tshawb fawb txog qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov neeg uas feem ntau cov npe Lavxias. Tom qab sau cov npe ntawm 15 txhiab lub npe nrov tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias, lawv muab piv nrog cov ntaub ntawv rau cheeb tsam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tau pom tias coob tus neeg uas muaj npe Lavxias nyob hauv Kuban.