Tshaj tawm los ntawm lub xyoo pua XXI: Soviet cov kws tshawb fawb kev kwv yees txog yav tom ntej

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Npau suav txog yav tom ntej yog ib qho kev ua si nrov rau ntau tus pej xeem Soviet. Ntxiv mus, feem ntau nws tsis yog romantic dreamers uas tau koom nrog kev kwv yees, tab sis cov neeg ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev kwv yees yav tom ntej yog phau ntawv "Kev Qhia Txog Lawv XXI Century", luam tawm xyoo 1958. Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm cov ntawv hauv nws yog cov kws tshaj lij Soviet kawm. Thiab, pom tau tias, cov ntaub ntawv tseeb txog kev tshawb pom hauv ntau ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau pab lawv ua daim duab ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej zoo heev. Tom qab tag nrho, ntau ntawm lawv qhov kev twv ua ntej yeej muaj tseeb.

Hauv kev ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum tau qhia meej tias tsis yog txhua tus kws tshaj lij kev kwv yees tau dhau los ua ib puas feem pua. Thiab txawm tias qhov twg lawv nyob ze rau qhov tseeb niaj hnub no, qee cov ntsiab lus yuav txawv. Yog li, piv txwv li, ib tsab xov xwm hais tias los ntawm nees nkaum-thawj xyoo pua, lub hli yuav dhau los ua xya lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb rau noob neej, thiab cov txiv ntoo yuav tawg rau Mars. Alas, Vladimir Engelhardt qhov kev kwv yees tias mob qog noj ntshav yuav txav los ntawm qeb ntawm cov kab mob loj mus rau qhov sib npaug nrog tus mob khaub thuas tseem tsis tau muaj tseeb, uas yog, nws yuav raug kho sai thiab yooj yim.

Txawm li cas los xij, ntau qhov kev kwv yees, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas cuam tshuam txog kev nce qib, tau raug muab txhais ua qhov tseeb. Dab tsi yog qhov zoo heev rau cov neeg Soviet thaum xyoo 1950s, tau ntev ua haujlwm niaj hnub rau peb. Tab sis rau cov kws tshawb fawb, qhov tshwm sim hauv tib neeg lub neej ntawm kev ua tiav tau piav qhia los ntawm lawv yog qhov teeb meem ntawm ntau xyoo lawm. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lawv tau tig los ua qhov yog.

1. Txawb xov tooj thiab kev sib txuas lus video

Academician Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kotelnikov nyob rau hauv nws tsab xov xwm hu ua "Lub thib ob ib nrab xyoo pua ntawm xov tooj cua" hais txog lub hav zoov nyob rau hauv lub nees nkaum-thawj xyoo pua ntawm cov khoom strikingly zoo li niaj hnub mobile xov tooj. Thiab tsis yog raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev sib tham, tab sis nrog lub peev xwm mus saib tus interlocutor. Tus kws tshawb fawb pom cov "gadgets" zoo li no: “… Thaum sawv ntxov hnub so. Koj nco qab tias yav tsaus ntuj koj tsis nco qab pom zoo nrog koj tus phooj ywg txog kev sib koom ua ke tawm hauv nroog. Koj ncav tes tawm thiab nqa ib lub me me, luam yeeb-cov khoom siv me me los ntawm lub hmo ntuj. Qhov no yog lub TV transceiver rau tus kheej siv, uas txhua tus neeg nyob hauv peb lub ntiaj teb, tsis muaj kev zam, tau nruab nrog. Koj teem koj tus phooj ywg hu xov tooj thiab nias lub khawm hu …"

Nws hloov tawm hais tias Academician Kotelnikov kwv yees kev sib txuas lus video ntawm niaj hnub smartphones. Nws kuj tau piav qhia lawv qhov loj me thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ncaj ncees. Amazingly, tus kws tshawb fawb kuj tau kwv yees qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub npe menyuam yaus - nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas hauv nws zaj dab neeg nws yog qhov tseeb "hu npe" uas tau tsim, thiab tsis yog lub npe. Cov kev kwv yees tau dhau los ua qhov tseeb xav tsis thoob: yuav luag txhua tus neeg hauv ntiaj teb yeej muaj lub xov tooj me me uas muaj peev xwm sib txuas lus video, thiab tus lej tsuas yog loj hlob txhua hnub.

2. Kev tshaj tawm video

Ntawm kev sib txuas lus video thiab kev txav mus los, muaj peev xwm ntawm "TV transceiver rau kev siv tus kheej, raws li Kotelnikov, tsis tag. Ntxiv rau hauv tsab xov xwm yog ntu nram qab no: “… Txoj kev taug kev tau zoo kawg nkaus. Nws yog ib qho kev txaj muag: nws tsis tuaj yeem pom kev sib tw ncaws pob, uas yuav muaj nyob rau yav tav su ntawm Central Lenin Stadium. Vim li cas ho tsis saib nws nrog kev pab ntawm ib tus neeg siv khoom? Thiab, zaum ntawm ntug dej siab ntawm ib qho ntawm cov dej hiav txwv Volga, ua pa ntawm cov ntxhiab tsw zoo ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, koj ua raws txhua qhov kev sib tw ncaws pob …"

Nws muaj kev nyab xeeb los hais tias tus kws tshawb fawb tau kwv yees qhov kev tshaj tawm video hauv lub sijhawm nrog lub peev xwm saib ntawm lub xov tooj smartphone. Tseeb tiag, hnub no koj tuaj yeem saib cov xwm txheej tshaj tawm hauv online, nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm qhov chaw uas nws tshwm sim. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom muaj kev sib txuas ceev ceev thiab zoo hauv Internet ntawm koj lub xov tooj. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshaj tawm hauv online, lossis streaming, tsis ntev los no tau ntsib kev muaj koob npe nrov.

3. Plasma

Tej zaum qhov no yog ib qho kev kwv yees tshaj plaws uas tau ua los ntawm Academician Vladimir Kotel'nyov. Kev kawm txuj ci, hauv nws lub tswv yim, yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim tej yam uas paub txog nws thiab nws cov neeg nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv me me. Nws hais txog TV ua piv txwv: “… tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias yuav muaj cov TV me me uas haum rau hauv lub hnab tsho lub duav, thiab cov loj loj nrog lub vijtsam ntawm ob peb square meters. Lub vijtsam loj loj yuav tsis suav nrog TV loj. Lub TV yuav zoo li daim duab: tag nrho cov cuab yeej yuav tiaj tus. Qhov screen thickness yuav tsawg heev."

Thiab ntawm no tus kws tshawb fawb Soviet tau hloov mus ua qhov yog: dhau sijhawm, TVs, nrog rau lub khoos phis tawj saib, tau dhau los ua nyias thiab sleeker. Thiab niaj hnub no, ntau tus tswv tuaj yeem khav theeb loj thiab tib lub sijhawm nyias plasma, uas zoo li organically ntawm phab ntsa. Tseeb tiag, TV tau dhau los ua zoo li daim duab: qee zaum nyias saib tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov thav ntawv kom zoo li daim ntaub. Qhov no, piv txwv li, yog ua nyob rau hauv cov tsev cia puav pheej lossis cov chaw ua yeeb yam.

4. Lub tshuab luam ntawv

Lawv kuj xav txog kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej ntaus ntawv hauv phau ntawv. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, cov tshuab ntaus ntawv tshiab tau pom raws li hauv qab no: "… Nws sawv ntawm sab laug ntawm lub rooj, tsis muaj qhov chaw ntau dua li lub tshuab ntaus ntawv zoo tib yam ntawm nruab nrab-20th caug xyoo. Thiab txawm hais tias cov ntawv dawb ntawm daim ntawv protrude los ntawm nws, nws tsis muaj ntau cov nyees khawm nrog cov ntawv, tsis muaj qhov uas nws tsis tuaj yeem xav txog lub tshuab ntaus ntawv …"

Thiab qhov kev twv ua ntej no tau ua kom raug. Cov cuab yeej, uas yuav hloov lub tshuab ntaus ntawv, tau tsim tiag tiag, txawm tias kwv yees nrog qhov loj me, tau hu ua "lub tshuab luam ntawv", thiab niaj hnub no cov khoom siv nrog ob peb lub nyees khawm es tsis txhob ntau ntau tau ua tiav hauv ntau pua txhiab lub chaw ua haujlwm thiab cov tsev nyob. thoob ntiaj teb.

5. Tus kheej lub computer

Lwm "cov lus qhia" ntawm kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej, kws tshaj lij Sergei Alekseevich Lebedev, hauv nws tsab xov xwm "Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev xav tau pib" qhia meej txog kev qhia txog kev siv thev naus laus zis hauv kev kawm thiab lub neej niaj hnub ntawm cov pej xeem nruab nrab. Nws ua qhov no ntawm tus piv txwv ntawm kev mus xyuas cov neeg ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej "Bibliotranslatsiya": "… Ib qho chaw hauv Transcarpathia, nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib lub zos Ukrainian zoo nkauj, ntawm ib lub tsev muaj ib lub cim: "Bibliotranslation ". Cov tub thiab cov ntxhais nkag mus hauv tsev, pom meej tias cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm cov tsev kawm txuj ci nyob hauv lub zos. Txhua tus tuaj txog ntawm lub sijhawm teem tseg. Koj tsis tuaj yeem lig: hauv lub rooj muag khoom zoo li cov uas npaj rau kev hu xov tooj thoob ntiaj teb, cov ntxaij vab tshaus TV tau ci ntsa iab …"

Niaj hnub no peb tuaj yeem hais nrog kev ntseeg siab tias peb, raws li lawv hais, "ntxuav thiab tshaj" qhov kev kwv yees ntawm Academician Lebedev. Peb tau muaj lub sijhawm los muaj peb tus kheej cais "xiav tshuaj ntsuam" tau ntev, tab sis kom nkag mus rau lawv peb tsis tas yuav mus qhov twg: lub khoos phis tawj tus kheej tos peb hauv tsev. Thiab yog tias koj tau txais lub laptop, ces qhov teeb meem ntawm kev khi rau ib qho chaw yuav luag ploj mus.

6. Cov tsev qiv ntawv hauv hluav taws xob

Lebedev tau kwv yees qhov tseeb ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej. Yog li, hauv nws tsab xov xwm koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntu hauv qab no: “Muaj ob peb phau ntawv hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv nyob deb nroog. Muaj ntau ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv Lvov, nyob rau hauv lub regional phau ntawv depository, nyob rau hauv Kiev, nyob rau hauv Moscow. Muaj ntau ntau phau ntawv nyob rau hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv loj, ntau yam ntawm cov ncauj lus thiab cov lus nug zoo heev uas ntau pua tus kws pab tswv yim-bibliographers yuav tsum tau ua cov ntaub ntawv siv … Ib tug neeg tsis tuaj yeem ris nws lub cim xeeb nrog ntau cov ntaub ntawv tsis tsim nyog. Nws yuav tau txais kev pab los ntawm "kev nco" ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm hauv tshuab hluav taws xob."

Cov khoom siv niaj hnub no muaj lub cim xeeb txaus kom haum rau ntau pua txhiab tus, yog tias tsis yog ntau lab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv. Tam sim no, txhawm rau siv sijhawm mus los lossis yav tsaus ntuj hauv tsev nyeem phau ntawv nthuav dav, koj tsis tas yuav sau npe hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv thiab txheeb los ntawm cov txee ntawm cov khw muag ntawv - koj tsuas yog yuav tsum khaws koj lub smartphone lossis ntsiav tshuaj.

7. Digitization ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab video lectures

Academician Lebedev's "lub tsev qiv ntawv txhais lus" tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog ntau txoj haujlwm ntxiv, uas twb tau ua tiav tiav rau hauv kev muaj tiag niaj hnub no. Tus sau pom kev siv "lub rooj muag zaub nrog cov ntxaij vab tshaus" raws li hauv qab no: "Ntawm no yog ib pawg ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm-cov neeg nyiam ntawm Taras Shevchenko - lawv nyeem cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua muaj los ntawm biography ntawm tus creator ntawm "Kobzar" dhau ntawm qhov screen.. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub rooj muag khoom tom ntej no, lub vijtsam yog nyob ntawm txhua kab ntawm cov qauv, thiab tus neeg tshaj tawm tsis pom kev pab cov kws tshaj lij yav tom ntej kom paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua lej siab dua."

Thiab nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm qhov kev kwv yees no, nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg hais tias nws tau dhau lawm. Yog li, niaj hnub no muaj lub sijhawm nyob rau lub sijhawm tiag tiag kom paub txog qhov tsis tshua muaj keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv, yam tsis tau tawm hauv lub computer screen. Kev xyaum ntawm digitizing artifacts tau nquag siv rau ntau tshaj ib xyoos hauv archives, tsev cia puav pheej thiab tsev qiv ntawv. Raws li rau cov lus qhuab qhia, qhov kev vam meej tau mus ntxiv lawm: tus tshaj tawm tau ntev lawm tsis pom peb. Niaj hnub no, hauv Is Taws Nem, koj tuaj yeem pom cov lus qhuab qhia hauv online ntawm txhua yam kev kawm lossis tsuas yog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txaus siab.