Yuav ua li cas historians tsim lub Mongol faj tim teb chaws. Ntu 2

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Qee tus hamsters, txuag tus qauv uas tau tawg ua rau cov seams los ntawm kev tawg, rov hais dua lawv tus kheej tias tsis muaj lub sijhawm tshuab peb tseem yuav tsis paub yuav ua li cas nws yeej yog 800 xyoo dhau los, thiab yog li ntawd lawv, hamsters, muaj txhua txoj cai los ntseeg. uas keeb kwm yav dhau los qhov twg lawv nyiam tshaj plaws. Thiab sai li sai tau, lawv screech hysterically: tab sis ua pov thawj dab tsi tsis yog. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ib tug neeg muaj ib tug universal mechanism ntawm kev txawj ntse - lub siab, uas yuav hloov lub sij hawm tshuab. Muaj tseeb, hamsters tsis paub siv lawv lub siab li cas (uas yog, xav), yog li ntawd lawv siv lub taub hau mosk nkaus xwb los ua ib qho cuab yeej rau khaws cov ntaub ntawv. Muaj tseeb, nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov tsav sab nraud, lawv tsis xav tau ib lub moscow rau qhov no. Tsuas yog me ntsis - Kuv nkag mus rau hauv Wikipedia thiab luam tawm thiab muab ib daim ntawv los ntawm qhov ntawd.

Yuav kom xav txog, ib tug yuav tsum txawj logic, uas yog, kos duab ntawm kev txiav txim zoo ib yam. Cov lus ntawm logic, txawm tias lub hauv paus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, 90% ntawm cov primates tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li txoj cai. Txhawm rau kawm lus Suav yog thov, vim hais tias ntawm no koj tsis tas yuav siv dab tsi tshwj tsis yog nco, koj tuaj yeem nco ib thiab ib nrab txhiab hieroglyphs yog tias tsim nyog. Thiab cov lus ntawm logic xav tau ib yam dab tsi txawv kiag li - kev mob siab rau, kev txawj ntse kev qhuab qhia. Tom qab tag nrho, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xav tsis yog cim cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis ib qho tseem ceeb SORTING ntawm nws, vim hais tias ntawm cov arrays ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog tsim nyob rau hauv sib xws chains (kev txiav txim), thiab cov ntaub ntawv "khoom khib nyiab" raug tshem tawm.

Yog tias kuv txiav txim siab, kuv tuaj yeem lees paub nws, uas yog, piav qhia tag nrho txoj hauv kev los ntawm thawj cov ntaub ntawv mus rau qhov xaus. Txawm li cas los xij, feem coob ntawm cov hamsters tsis ua haujlwm nrog kev txiav txim siab, tab sis nrog cliches muab rho tawm los ntawm kev nco lossis theej thiab muab los ntawm Duropedia. Raws li Swan hais, kev ruam tsis yog qhov tsis muaj lub siab, nws yog qhov zoo. Ib yam li ntawd, kev xav tsis zoo kuj yog kev xav, chaotic, unsystematic, tab sis xav. Txhawm rau muab nws cleverly, hom kev xav no yog tsim los ntawm atomized nco qab.

Atomization ntawm kev nco qab yog ib hom kev puas siab puas ntsws, tshwm sim thaum tsis muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev xav, hauv kev tsis muaj peev xwm kos cov lus xaus, hauv kev npaj kom pom tsuas yog cov lus xaus los ntawm lwm qhov chaw (tswj hwm). Ib tug neeg uas muaj atomized nco qab yog xyaum tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv manipulation, muaj ib tug hyper-suggestibility, thiab nws yog feem ntau ua rau mob hlwb. Feem ntau, qhov no yog ib tug portrait ntawm ib tug niaj hnub neeg.

Koj tsis tas yuav mus deb los qhia txog lub atomized nco qab; nws yog txaus los nyeem cov lus rau cov ncej no lossis rau yav dhau los. Nov yog kev sib tham zoo li no:

Kuv yog: - Cov nomads, hauv paus ntsiab lus, tsis tuaj yeem ntes Tuam Tshoj (Russia, Persia, thiab lwm yam), vim tias:

a) Cov pej xeem ceev ntawm cov neeg nomadic yog ntau pua lub sij hawm tsawg tshaj li qhov ceev ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, thiab yog li ntawd lawv cov peev txheej kev sib tw yog qhov sib piv tsis tau;

b) Kev ua tsov ua rog tsis yog kev sib tw ntawm cov tub rog, nws yog kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev koom tes hauv zej zog, nyob rau hauv uas, tag nrho lwm yam yog sib npaug, ib qho kev sib tw zoo dua. Ntawm cov nomads, daim ntawv ntawm lub koom haum ntawm haiv neeg yog ib pab pawg neeg xwm, yog li ntawd, savages, uas muaj peev xwm tsim tsuas yog ib tug tub sab tub sab, tsis muaj peev xwm mus sib tw nrog ib tug zej zog uas muaj ib tug kws txawj tub rog (ib yam ntxwv ntawm ib lub xeev).. Qhov no yog txhua yam pom tseeb tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau lawv qhov kev lag luam zoo hauv qhov ntau (thiab lawv tsis tuaj yeem, saib point "a");

c) Lub xeev muab kev tshaj lij thev naus laus zis dhau los ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj lub xeev (nomads), uas tau tshwm sim tag nrho hauv kev ua tub rog. Cov nomads tsis muaj metallurgy, ntsig txog, lawv tsis muaj riam phom steel, thiab tsis muaj kev sib txuas lus thiab kev hais kom ua thiab tswj cov tub rog. Lawv kuj tsis muaj ib qho kev ua tub rog - fortresses, mos txwv depots, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev txav thiab xa cov tub rog, uas yog, kev ua haujlwm hauv paus thiab cov ntsiab lus muaj zog rau kev ua phem.

Yog li ntawd, cov Mongols tsis txawm muaj qhov kev xav tias yuav tau txais cov lej, koom haum thiab thev naus laus zis zoo dua li Suav, thiab yog li cov lus hais txog kev kov yeej ntawm ntau cov neeg nyob sab hnub poob thiab ntau haiv neeg sab qab teb los ntawm cov tsiaj qus Mongols yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog qhov tsis raug mus txog rau thaum lub sij hawm. opposite yog pov thawj.

Hamster:- Tus sau, qhia cov ntaub ntawv, yog cov nom tswv Xiongnu tuaj yeem kov yeej Tuam Tshoj, ces cov Mongols tuaj yeem ua tau ntau dua. Bugaga, koj merged.

Puas muaj logic hauv hamster qhov kev txiav txim? Nws cov tsos yog tam sim no, tab sis qhov tseeb no logic tsis tuaj yeem hu ua poj niam, raws li qhov liab zoo dua puag ncig, vim hais tias "pov thawj" ntawm hamster tsis muaj kev txiav txim siab txhua.

Lub ntsiab lus tsis yog txawm tias lub hav zoov ntawm Xiongnu, Huns, Scythians, Khitan thiab lwm yam mythological cim tsis muaj kev ntseeg ntau dua li qhov muaj nyob ntawm elves, hobbits thiab orcs, tab sis nyob rau theem ntawm kev sib tham abstraction rau Xiongnu, Zhuzhen, mangurs thiab lwm yam savages, uas supposedly ntes Tuam Tshoj, nyob rau hauv uas los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd muaj kev vam meej tau liam tias twb muaj nyob rau ntau txhiab xyoo, tib yam insurmountable obstacles yuav ua hauj lwm rau cov Mongols. Nws yog ib qho ua tau los refute kuv cov lus sib cav nkaus xwb nrog kev pab los ntawm logic, unfounded nqe lus thov rau anonymous "tub ceev xwm", cov sau phau ntawv dab neeg txog Xiongnu thiab Scythians, tsis muaj hwj chim ntawm no.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev xav paub daws teeb meem, txawm tias lawv nyob hauv ib puag ncig thiab tsis muaj qhov laj thawj zoo, tuaj yeem ua rau cov lus txiav txim tsis raug vim qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua yuam kev. Yuav kom zam tau qhov no, xws li cov txheej txheem dialectical yog siv los ua ib qho kev nce ntawm qhov kev paub daws teeb mus rau pob zeb. Nyob rau hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv, nws yog tsim nyog los correlated lub abstract xaus hais tias lub medieval Mongols tsis muaj hlau ua technologies, thiab yog li ntawd tsis muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm ua tub rog riam phom, nrog rau kev muaj tiag, uas yog, tsim muaj tseeb. Yog li cia peb xav txog qhov teeb meem no, raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub hom phiaj kev muaj tiag.

Thiab qhov tseeb yog qhov no: caj npab archaeology ntawm Mongolia (thiab thaj chaw nyob sib ze steppe) yog qhov tsis zoo. Muaj ob hom riam phom: sib ntaus sib tua thiab tua tsiaj. Kuj tseem muaj ib qho kev ua koob tsheej, tab sis qhov tseeb nws tsis yog riam phom, thiab yog li peb yuav tsis xav txog nws. Rau kev yos hav zoov riam phom, hlau tsis tas yuav tsum tau, arrowheads tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov pob txha, pob zeb lossis tsuas yog ua kom cov ntoo kawg, koj tuaj yeem tuav cov ntses nrog hmuv ntoo, thiab txawm tias tsav cov tsiaj loj rau hauv cov ntxiab thiab tua nrog hmuv, pob zeb axes thiab cov pob zeb.. Tab sis cov tub rog riam phom ntawm Mongols nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tau piav qhia yuav tsum zoo sib txawv, uas yog, hlau (steel), vim hais tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tua cov haiv neeg nrog lawv tus kheej metallurgical ntau lawm, koj yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog muaj sib npaug zos. Txawm hais tias kev paub dhau los qhia tau hais tias txoj cai nruj tuaj yeem ua tau tsuas yog tias koj muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ua tub rog.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub Trans-Baikal steppes thiab lwm yam nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug semi-deserts, peb tsis pom ib tug "poob" riam phom nyob rau hauv tej yam uas pom tau hais tias, los yog dab tsi yog feem ntau hu ua tub rog faus. Qhov no hais txog ib yam: cov nomads tsis muaj warriors, uas yog, cov uas muaj kev lag luam yog tsov rog. Yog lawm, qhov tseeb, lawv tsis tuaj yeem muaj, vim tsis muaj qhov xav tau rau lawv. Deserted steppe thaj chaw raug tiv thaiv los ntawm pastoralists, thiab tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los tawm tsam cov neeg nyob sib ze (tsis yog nyob rau hauv kev nkag siab ntawm kev ua tub sab me me, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev nkag siab ntawm kev tswj hwm thaj chaw). Yog li vim li cas hauv ntiaj teb yuav muaj cov neeg paub kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab muaj riam phom niaj hnub no? Leej twg yuav txhawb lawv thiab vim li cas? Kuv twb nyob ntsiag to txog qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, tsis muaj chaw rau cov thawj coj uas muaj kev paub txog kev tswj hwm cov tub rog loj.

Nomadic pastoralism yog hom kev ua liaj ua teb qub uas nws tsis tso cai rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam. Cov khoom seem yuav muab tsuas yog ib qho - kev siv, thiab cov nomads (xws li cov neeg Khab nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas prairies, uas Nenets reindeer herders, uas tib Mongols) tsis paub xws li ib tug tshwm sim raws li exploitation, vim hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua vim lub tsev neeg thiab caj ces txoj kev ntawm lub neej thiab vim hais tias ntawm cov khoom uas tsis yog-khoom xwm ntawm ntau lawm. Tom qab tag nrho, cov nomad tsim yuav luag tsuas yog khoom noj, thiab zaub mov tshwj xeeb rau nws tus kheej. Zoo, cia peb hais tias koj nqa ob lub thoob ntawm kumis los ntawm nws - yuav ua li cas nrog nws? Twb tsis muaj leej twg yuav mus muag hauv nkuaj, tsis muaj leej twg muaj nyiaj. Koj tsis tuaj yeem haus ob lub thoob koj tus kheej, cov khoom yuav deteriorate. Nrog nqaij, qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam - koj tuaj yeem khaws tsib rams, tab sis noj nws - tsis noj nws. Thiab leej twg yuav muab rau koj?

Cov nomad puas xav tau cov khoom siv hlau hauv lub neej txhua hnub? Tsis yog, nws tau ua tiav nrog ib rab riam pob txha rau tua ib tug yaj thiab ib rab koob pob txha kom nws tuaj yeem xaws khaub ncaws hnyav rau nws tus kheej nrog xov los ntawm cov tsiaj. Lawv tsis xav tau eeb, tsis tas yuav khau lawv cov nees hauv steppe, lawv tsis tas yuav mow quav nyab rau lub caij ntuj no. Cov nyom siab, thiab lub caij ntuj no tsis muaj daus, yog li cov nyuj graze tag nrho lub xyoo puag ncig. Koj tsis tas yuav cov ntsia hlau los tsim lub yurt. Txhawm rau kom sov nws, koj tsis tas yuav npaj cov taws, yog li tsis tas yuav muaj cov saw thiab rab chais, lawv poob dej nrog dung, uas yog, nrog cov quav chiv qhuav. Nws hnov tsw, tau kawg, tab sis cov nomads tau siv rau nws.

Tsis muaj dab tsi hauv peb lub neej tshwm sim tsis tsim nyog, thiab yog tias cov nomads yeej tsis xav tau hlau, ces metallurgy tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb muaj qhov sib txawv. Thaum xub thawj, kev ua liaj ua teb tau ua tsuas yog nyob rau hauv dej nyab ntawm cov dej ntws, qhov chaw uas cov av fertile thiab fertilized nrog silt deposits. Tsis tas yuav plowing cov dej nyab teb; nws yog txaus kom loosen nws nrog ib tug ntoo hoe, productivity ntawm cov av yog siab. Tab sis tsis ntev los sis tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov av muaj dej nyab tau nyob. Nomads tsuas yog mus ntxiv thiab ntxiv mus rau hauv steppe. Noj nyom txhais tau tias koj muaj sia nyob. Yog koj nrhiav tsis tau nyom, nyuj yuav poob, koj yuav tuag. Tab sis tus neeg ua teb yuav ua li cas thaum av tag? Peb yuav tsum txhim kho thaj av ze ntawm qhov dej nyab, thiab muaj hav zoov. Tab sis txhawm rau tshem tawm ib daim phiaj av ntawm hav zoov, koj xav tau cov cuab yeej hlau.

Zoo, tej zaum lawv pib tau txais los ntawm lub bronze ax, tab sis cov khoom muaj ntawm tooj liab thiab tin yog qhov tseem ceeb heev uas lub Hnub Nyoog Bronze yog, feem ntau, tsuas yog ib ntus, ib qho kev hloov pauv los ntawm Hnub Nyoog Pob Zeb mus rau Hnub Nyoog Hlau. Tsuas yog nrog kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis kom tau txais hlau tau pib ua liaj ua teb kiv puag ncig - kev ua liaj ua teb slash-thiab-hluav taws ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li kev cog qoob loo ntawm thaj av nyab xeeb thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, ua rau tib neeg tuaj yeem nyob deb. nyob rau sab qaum teb, qhov twg koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj rab hneev. Leej twg tsis ntseeg? Zoo, ces sim txiav ib tsob ntoo nrog lub pob zeb no (saib daim duab). Thiab los tsim ib lub tsev, los yog tsawg kawg yog ib tug dugout, ntau tshaj ib tug ntawm cov ntoo no yuav tsum tau. Thiab rau lub caij ntuj no ntev, nws yog cov ntoo uas xav tau, tsis yog brushwood, uas koj tuaj yeem nqa nrog koj txhais tes. Nws yuav tsis yog ib qho exaggeration hais tias nws yog nrog cov hlau axes uas niaj hnub technogenic civilization pib, metallurgy rau centuries txiav txim lub ntsiab vector ntawm tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob, thiab txawm niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm composite cov ntaub ntawv, yas thiab txhua yam ntawm nanopolymers, peb ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj hlau.

Tsis muaj leej twg paub qhov twg thiab thaum twg ib tug neeg tau kawm ua hlau (muaj ntau lub kaum ob ntawm ntau qhov kev txhawb siab, tab sis tsis muaj "feem ntau lees txais"), tab sis tsis muaj leej twg cam hais tias nws yog ib tug neeg ua liaj ua teb uas qhia hlau, thiab tsis yog ib tug neeg. tus pov thawj, tsis yog neeg yos hav zoov, thiab ntau tshaj li ntawd, tsis yog ib tug txiv dev nomad.

Cov Mongols puas muaj lawv lub lauj kaub tais diav? Tsis muaj. Thiab txij li tsis muaj ceramics, ces yuav tsis muaj hlau ib yam. Cov hamsters piav qhia qhov tsis muaj ceramics los ntawm qhov tseeb tias, lawv hais tias, cov neeg steppe tsis xav tau nws, vim tias nws yuav raug ntaus thaum mus ncig. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau ua nrog tawv wineskins. Kuv tsis tau txawm xav txog ib tug dumber hypothesis. Lub tais earthenware ntaus thaum nws ntog ntawm lub rooj mus rau hauv pem teb. Lub lauj kaub tuaj yeem tawg los ntawm tshav kub hauv qhov cub. Tab sis rau qee qhov laj thawj, cov potters tsis ntshai nqa lawv cov khoom mus rau kev ua lag luam ntawm lub laub tuav ntawm txoj kev paving. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub steppe tsis muaj paving txoj kev thiab co lub laub. Yog li vim li cas cov ceramics yuav tawg yog tias thauj ntawm pob nees hauv cov pob tw tawv? Zoo, ntxhi, hloov nws nrog mutton fur, yog tias koj ntshai tsam tawg.

Tej zaum cov nom tswv tsis xav tau lub lauj kaub tais diav? Qhov kev xav tau tsuas yog muaj. Xav rau koj tus kheej, nyob rau hauv dab tsi koj yuav ua tau ib tug qab ntxiag hluas yaj chowder? Koj tuaj yeem kib thiab qhuav nqaij, tab sis koj ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj tais diav. Cam khwb cia hlau cauldrons thiab lauj kaub tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev siv tsis ntev los no, uas yog thaum lub metallurgical kev lag luam mastered thev naus laus zis ntawm casting hlau thiab stamping los ntawm cov ntawv hlau. Ua ntej no, tsuas yog lub thawv muaj rau cov txheej dav rau kev ua stew yog ceramic. Tab sis cov steppe nomads tsis tuaj yeem ua cov khoom siv hauv av, yog tias tsuas yog cov ceramics tuaj yeem hlawv hauv qhov cub tshwj xeeb, thiab qhov no yuav tsum tau siv ntoo, koj tsis tuaj yeem ua nrog dung. Yog li ntawd, lawv siv tawv wineskins thiab txhua hom ntim ntawm cov tsiaj entrails tsis yog vim yooj yim, tab sis vim tsis muaj lwm yam kev xaiv. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv ceramic tsuas yog ua tau nrog kev ua neej nyob tsis muaj zog.

Yog lawm, dhau sij hawm, cov pab pawg neeg nomadic tau raug rub mus rau hauv lub orbit ntawm ntau cov neeg tsim, nkag mus rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog lawv, tau txais kev coj noj coj ua niaj hnub no, yog li cov Mongols kuj muaj chaw nyob ruaj khov (nws tuaj rau cov nroog, txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua 20th)., kev faib ua haujlwm, kev siv dag zog, cov txiv plig, aristocracy, artisans, cam khwb cia hlau cauldrons, hlau riam thiab txawm lub computer. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog hais tias lawv tus kheej tsis ua cauldrons thiab computers. Eskimos siv GPS niaj hnub no, tab sis yog tias, tom qab ib puas lossis tsib caug txhiab xyoo, archaeologists pom GPS navigator nyob rau hauv lub permafrost ntawm Greenland, nws yuav yog ib qho yuam kev loj ntawm lawv qhov xav tias cov cuab yeej no tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg hauv zos. Txawm hais tias lawv pom ib txhiab tus navigators, nws yuav tsis hais dab tsi. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshawb nrhiav cov nroj tsuag rau kev tsim cov microelectronics, tab sis nws yuav tsis pom nyob hauv Greenland.

Yog li, yog tias peb pom ib puas lossis ib txhiab sabers thiab ntaj hauv Mongolian steppes, qhov no yuav tsis muaj pov thawj tias cov neeg steppe yog cov kws tshaj lij metallurgists. Peb yuav tsum tau nrhiav cov kab ntawm cov khoom siv hlau. Thiab nrhiav lawv nyob rau hauv lub steppe cheeb tsam yog kiag li tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Txawm hais tias qee qhov enchanting idiots croak ib yam dab tsi txog "kev taug kev Mongol forges", rau qee qhov laj thawj txawm tias lawv tsis hais dab tsi txog kev taug kev blast furnaces thiab nomadic ore mines nrog cov miners uas taug kev hauv av. Yuav kom ua tau hlau, hlau ore yog xav tau, uas tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lub steppe, ib tug loj ntawm charcoal (ib qhov chaw ntawm cov pa roj carbon), uas yog tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lub bald tiaj tiaj, thiab nyob twj ywm furnaces rau ua kritsa, uas haus ntau heev. ntawm roj, qhov chaw uas, dua, tsis nyob rau hauv steppe.

Cov thev naus laus zis tab tom txhim kho los ntawm qhov yooj yim mus rau qhov nyuaj, thiab yog tias cov Mongols tseem tsis tau muaj lub lauj kaub tais diav, ces peb tuaj yeem tham txog dab tsi ntawm metallurgy? Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom invent ib chav locomotive ua ntej lub carriage, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau smelt hlau yam tsis muaj ib tug av nplaum kiln. Nomads tuaj yeem siv cov khoom ntawm metallurgy tib yam li cov neeg Khab siv phom, uas lawv pauv nrog cov neeg dawb. Los ntawm txoj kev, txawm tias muaj lub sijhawm kom tau txais phom, cov Khab Khab yeej tsis muaj peev xwm tawm tsam cov ntsej muag daj ntseg, txawm tias muaj cov lej loj heev. Cov laj thawj yog qhia los ntawm kuv thaum pib ntawm tus ncej.

Muaj tseeb tiag, ntawm no cov kws sau keeb kwm pib fuss txhua yam tsis muaj tseeb txog qhov tseeb tias cov Mongols sab qaum teb uas nyob hauv thaj chaw hav zoov-steppe yog, lawv hais tias, zoo heev metallurgists, thiab Genghis Khan, zoo li, nws yog nws tus kheej ntawm cov Mongols-Bardzhutdins " patched" los ntawm kev vam meej, thiab yog li ntawd, lawv hais tias, tsis muaj ib pab tub rog nomadic tsis muaj teeb meem nrog riam phom. Tos ib pliag! Kev tsim steel yog kev lag luam tsim khoom raws li kev faib ua haujlwm. Qee cov khoom siv raw, lwm tus hlawv thee, lwm tus tsim cov kritz, thiab cov kws ua hlau ua cov khoom siv zaum kawg. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tsuas yog ib tug neeg ruam xwb thiaj li twv tau hais tias tus kws ntaus hlau nyob rau hauv cov neeg hlau nyob deb nroog tsis quav ntsej yuav ua li cas - plav, ntsia hlau, nees nees lossis rab ntaj sib ntaus sib tua.

Riam phom tsuas yog tsim los ntawm cov kws txawj phom heev. Tom qab tag nrho, cov hniav ua tsov rog tau welded - nyob rau hauv cov hniav yog me me hlau, uas sharpened zoo, thiab nyob rau hauv ob sab yog tsis yooj yim, tab sis cov khoom hlau. Lub tshuab siv zog heev. Kuv yuav tsis rov hais dua yuav ua li cas lub damask thiab Damascus hniav, txhua yam ntawm Japanese samurai ntaj raug tsim, cov neeg uas xav kom lawv tus kheej tuaj yeem google lub ntsiab lus. Tab sis, kuv xav tias, tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem sib cav hais tias lub warblade, thiab txawm tias ib qho zoo, yog qhov kim heev, thiab tsawg heev tuaj yeem them taus. Kev tuav ib pab tub rog tshaj lij ua ntej qhov tshwm sim thiab nthuav dav ntawm cov phom sij yog heev, kim heev. Thiab tsuas yog ib lub zej zog uas muaj kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, muab cov khoom lag luam siab tshaj, tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm muaj cov tub rog niaj hnub no.

Thiab ntawm no peb tuaj txog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb: yog tias cov nyuj nomadic yug me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub voj voog kaw ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb tsis muab cov khoom lag luam ntau ntxiv, thiab cov khoom siv hlau yuav tsum muaj kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub neej, lub hauv paus tsim thev naus laus zis, uas tsuas yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hlau. hereditary artisans, faib kev ua hauj lwm thiab kev muag khoom lag luam, ces dab tsi yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm tag nrho cov no muaj rau nomads? Obviously tsis yog me ntsis!

Txawm li cas los xij, archaeologists tsis tu ncua rov hais dua txog ntau qhov seem ntawm cov hlau nplaum thiab cov mines tso tseg nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Buryatia niaj hnub thiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, Altai. Wb tsis sib cav nrog lawv. Cia peb xav txog qhov twg lawv tuaj, thiab vim li cas lawv thiaj li raug tso tseg. Thaum Lavxias teb sab colonists pib tsim Altai thiab Transbaikalia, lawv tsis tau ntsib cov neeg no nrog metallurgical ntau lawm technologies. Nws yog qhov tseeb. Keeb kwm txhais tau hais tias yog cov Mongols, Buryats, Oirats, Uighurs thiab lwm yam nomads, ib zaug unsurpassed gunsmiths thiab warriors, los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd tau "tsis nco qab" cov secrets ntawm steel ntau lawm, tsis nco qab txog lawv zoo yav dhau los, tsis nco qab sau lus, tag nrho lawv belligerence., thiab feem ntau, rov qab mus rau ib qho tsiaj qus, tsis tshua muaj neeg nyob hauv lub xeev qub. Thiab lawv lub nroog, txhua yam ntawm Karakorums thiab Sarai, nyob rau hauv uas cov nplua nuj los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no flocked, poob mus rau hauv tag nrho lwj thiab yog li ntseeg tau ploj ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb uas lawv tseem nrhiav tsis tau. Kev mob siab rau ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Eurasia, koj pom, tau qhuav lawm. Cov lus piav qhia yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis qhov no nws tsis tseem ceeb rau peb.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias thawj cov neeg nyob hauv Lavxias pib ua dab tsi. Lawv muaj kev xav tau hlau, thiab txhua yam zoo li nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim nrog passionarity. Yog li ntawd, lawv pib nrhiav ore, ua kritsa nyob rau hauv damp-blowing qhov cub thiab forge wares, uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv tsev neeg, los ntawm nws - mob, axes, riam, koob, thiab hais txog. Tab sis xws li artisanal zus tau tej cov hlau yog luv luv-nyob, sai li sai tau raws li kev vam meej nyob rau hauv lub zos qus av coj cov hauv paus hniav thiab Altai mining factories muab cov hlau, qhov xav tau rau primitive ore mines thiab blast furnaces ploj mus, forges pib ua hauj lwm rau lub Hoobkas semi-tiav lawm. cov khoom. Qhov ntawd yog qhov uas ABANDONED khoom ntawm handicraft hlau ntau lawm los ntawm cov chaw no. Yog vim li cas tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov savagery ntawm Mongols tom qab lawv conquest ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Tam sim no nws paub meej tias tus neeg uas paub yuav ua li cas xav txog qhov sib txawv ntawm tus kws sau keeb kwm? Tus kws sau keeb kwm siv los ntawm lub txee rau ib phau ntawv puffy sau los ntawm qee tus kws tshaj lij, pom muaj nyob rau hauv tshooj "Armament of the Mongol Warrior", saib cov duab uas zoo nkauj sabers, ntaj, armor yog kos thiab "txhua yam yog meej rau nws", muaj tsis tas yuav strain. Txaus siab rau hint tias kuv nyeem "cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm zoo li no" thiab cov hamsters nyob ib puag ncig tau qhib lawv lub qhov ncauj. Thiab tus neeg xav, siv txoj kev nce toj los ntawm kev paub daws teeb meem mus rau cov pob zeb (cov ntawv sau rau ntawm daim ntawv yog abstraction), tab tom nrhiav PROOF ntawm qhov kev xav tias Mongols MADE riam phom (txwv tsis pub lawv tsis tuaj yeem tuav lawv tus kheej cov tub rog hauv txhua txoj kev). Thiab qhov ntau koj tab tom nrhiav cov pov thawj zoo li no, qhov ntau koj tau ntseeg ntawm qhov tsis sib xws.

Tab sis txawm tias cov kws sau keeb kwm, txawm tias lawv ruam npaum li cas los xij, nkag siab tias Mongols tsis tuaj yeem kov yeej leej twg yam tsis muaj riam phom, yog li lawv yuav tsum tau ua tub rog nrog qee yam. Thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tau los nrog lub tswv yim hais tias cov Mongols tau ua armor-choj superbows thiab raug rho tawm ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas Robin Hood, piv rau lawv, tsuas yog ib tug me nyuam nyob rau hauv luv luv ris. Tab sis ntau ntxiv rau lub sijhawm tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, txaus siab rau lub extravaganza ntawm hamster "logic" nyob rau hauv cov lus.

Kev txuas ntxiv…