Peb suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ntu 2. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

1. Cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau tau txais nyiaj tsawg heev rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau tshaj li nyiaj txaus los tshawb fawb vim li cas tib neeg tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj li txhaj lawv cov menyuam. Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau yam kev tshawb fawb qhia txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov niam txiv.

2. Nws ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau yog cov neeg tsis tau kawm, kev ntseeg thiab cov neeg tawm tsam kev tshawb fawb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pov thawj scientific qhia lwm yam. Feem ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog kawm tau zoo thiab muaj nyiaj.

Hauv qee lub tsev kawm ntawv ntiav hauv Los Angeles, tsawg dua 20% ntawm cov menyuam yaus tau txhaj tshuaj. Yuav ua li cas cov neeg nplua nuj thiab kev kawm no tsis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lawv cov menyuam? Lawv tsis paub tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj kev nyab xeeb tag nrho, thiab tias lawv cawm koj ntawm cov kab mob txaus ntshai? Los yog tej zaum lawv paub qee yam txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv uas lwm tus tsis paub?

Nov yog qee qhov kev tshawb fawb:

3. Cov menyuam yaus uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv: Lawv yog leej twg thiab lawv nyob qhov twg? (Smith, 2004, Pediatrics)

Cov menyuam yaus uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau yog dawb. Lawv niam muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 30 xyoo, tau sib yuav, kawm tiav qib siab, thiab lawv tsev neeg khwv tau ntau dua $ 75,000 ib xyoos. (USA)

4. Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm niam thiab tus me nyuam yam ntxwv ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tsis tu ncua ntawm cov menyuam hnub nyoog 19 txog 35 hli. (Kim, 2007, Am J Public Health)

Tus niam tsev kawm ntawv qis dua thiab nws cov neeg pluag, qhov muaj feem ntau dua uas nws yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nws cov menyuam.

Cov menyuam yaus tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dua los ntawm African Asmeskas thiab Latins, thiab cov neeg txom nyem, lawv txhaj tshuaj ntau dua. (USA)

5. Tus cwj pwm tsis zoo ntawm cov niam txiv thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yav tom ntej hauv Dutch qhov kev pab cuam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus. (Hak, 2005, Vaccine)

Cov niam txiv uas muaj kev kawm ntawv siab dua 3 zaug yuav tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob muaj 4 npaug ntau dua tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Atheists yog 2.6 npaug ntau dua yuav tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. (Netherlands)

6. Kev txiav txim siab tawm ntawm txoj cai txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus. (Gullion, 2008, Public Health Nurs.)

Cov niam txiv uas tsis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lawv cov menyuam muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev paub txog kev tshawb fawb, paub qhov chaw saib, thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev txhaj tshuaj, thiab tib lub sijhawm tsis txhob ntseeg cov tshuaj ntau heev. (USA)

7. Ntau tus niam txiv Israeli tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lawv cov menyuam yaus raws li Xeev Cov Cai

Cov niam tsev kawm ntawv qib siab yog ob zaug uas yuav tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Cov neeg Yudais muaj 4 npaug ntau dua li cov neeg Muslim tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Cov niam muaj hnub nyoog siab dua, lawv feem ntau tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. (Israel)

8. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo rau ib feem thiab tsis muaj kev txhaj tshuaj hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej: kev kawm yav tom ntej. (Samad, 2006, BMJ)

Cov niam uas tsis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov laus thiab muaj kev kawm ntau dua li cov niam uas tau txhaj tshuaj. (Great Britain)

9. Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Raws Li Pej Xeem ntawm Kev Pabcuam Hauv Pej Xeem, Kev Pabcuam Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv HPV Hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv hauv pitish Columbia, Canada: Cov Kev Pabcuam Niam Txiv Koom Tes Nrog Daim Ntawv Txais Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv HPV. (Ogilvie, 2010, PLoS Med.)

Cov niam txiv muaj kev kawm ntau dua yuav tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv HPV rau lawv cov ntxhais. (Canada)

10. Cov kws tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob HPV kev lees txais: kev tshawb pom, kev tshuaj xyuas zoo. (pewer, 2007, Prev Med.)

Kev tshuaj xyuas txog 28 txoj kev tshawb fawb. Kev kawm qib siab ntawm cov niam txiv, feem ntau lawv tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv HPV.

11. Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias, mumps, thiab rubella (MMR) thiab kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ib leeg hauv ib pawg UK niaj hnub: kev kawm yav tom ntej. (Pearce, 2008, BMJ)

Qhov siab dua ntawm kev kawm, hnub nyoog thiab cov nyiaj tau los, cov niam txiv feem ntau tso tseg qhov tsis muaj npe MMR, thiab xaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias. (Great Britain)

12. Kev lees txais kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob papillomavirus ntawm tib neeg hauv Californian cov niam txiv ntawm cov ntxhais: tus neeg sawv cev kev tshuaj xyuas thoob plaws lub xeev. (Constantine, 2007, J Adolesc Health)

Cov niam txiv kawm ntawv qib siab thiab cov neeg saib xyuas tsis tshua muaj peev xwm cia lawv cov ntxhais tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv HPV. Cov niam txiv uas tsis kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv, Catholics thiab cov neeg ywj pheej muaj peev xwm tso cai rau lawv cov ntxhais tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no. (California, USA)

13. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm leej niam thiab cov cai hauv tsev kho mob yog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov tsis tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B hauv cov chaw zov me nyuam yug tshiab. (O'Leary, 2012, Pediatr Infect Dis J)

Cov niam tsev kawm ntawv zoo dua thiab cov niam tsev uas tau nyiaj ntau dua yuav tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lawv tus menyuam yug tshiab tiv thaiv kab mob siab B. (Colorado, USA)

14. Tom qab Australia tau dhau txoj cai txwv kom cov niam txiv txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lawv cov menyuam kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm menyuam yaus (Tsis muaj jab, tsis them nyiaj), cov niam txiv uas nyob hauv thaj chaw nplua nuj ntawm Melbourne tau pib txhaj tshuaj tsawg dua. Cov niam txiv muaj kev kawm ntau dua, ntau tus uas muaj keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb, nug txog kev nyab xeeb thiab xav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Tsuas yog 20% ntawm cov niam txiv uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ntej qhov kev pom zoo ntawm txoj cai no pib txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv vim nws.

10% ntawm cov niam txiv Australian ntseeg tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog autism.

15. Muaj ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb zoo sib xws, thiab lawv txhua tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tib yam. Cov niam txiv uas tsis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lawv cov menyuam ib txwm muaj hnub nyoog laus dua, muaj kev kawm ntau dua thiab muaj nyiaj ntau dua. Thov txhob ua phem rau lawv li neeg ruam.

Thiab ntawm no yog qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cov neeg them se tau pom:

16. Cov kws kho mob-niam txiv sib tham txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab lawv txoj kev koom tes nrog kev txais tshuaj tiv thaiv. (Hofsetteter, 2017, Vaccine)

Yog tias tus kws kho mob hais tias "hnub no peb yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas," ces 72% ntawm cov niam txiv pom zoo. Thiab yog tias tus kws kho mob nug "peb puas yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas hnub no?", ces tsuas yog 17% pom zoo.

Yog tias tus kws kho mob pom zoo kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas nrog rau lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv, ces 83% ntawm cov niam txiv pom zoo. Thiab yog tias tus kws kho mob nyias muaj kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas, tsuas yog 33% pom zoo kom tau nws. Nco tseg rau cov kws kho mob.

17. Kev ywj pheej ntau dua ntawm kev hais lus hauv Web 2.0 cuam tshuam nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm cov kev xav txuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau kev puas hlwb. (Venkatraman, 2015, Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv)

Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb no tau txheeb xyuas YouTube, Google, Wikipedia thiab Pabmed, thiab tuaj txog qhov xaus tias qhov kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus ntau dua ntawm cov peev txheej, nws koom nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv autism. Feem ntau ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus yog nyob rau hauv YouTube, hauv Google nws tsawg, thiab ntawm Wikipedia thiab Pabmed muaj tsawg heev ntawm nws. Qhov no ua rau muaj qhov tseeb tias hauv YouTube, 75% ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab koom nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob autism, hauv Google 41% ntawm kev sib txuas, ntawm Wikipedia 14% ntawm cov ntawv, thiab ntawm Pabmed 17% ntawm cov ntawv koom nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv autism (ntau dua ntawm Wikipedia!).

Tab sis qhov phem tshaj plaws, cov kws tshawb fawb sau tseg, cov neeg tawm tsam tshuaj tiv thaiv siv cov pov thawj tshawb fawb (!), Cov kws kho mob (!), cov neeg nto moo thiab cov dab neeg ntawm tus kheej los txhawb kev ntseeg siab! Qhov teeb meem yog, lawv sau, tias YouTube, tsis zoo li Google, tsis muab qhov tseem ceeb rau cov tub ceev xwm tshawb fawb hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov yeeb yaj kiab.

Cov kws kho mob tau koom nrog 36% ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yob, thiab tsuas yog 28% ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yob.

Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tau hais kom nruab nrab hauv Is Taws Nem, thiab tseem yaum kom cov tsev kho mob ua haujlwm ntau dua nyob rau ntawd.

18. Cov Ntsiab Lus thiab Tsim Cov Cai ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Lub Vev Xaib (Wolfe, 2002, JAMA)

Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov kws sau ntawv tau tshuaj xyuas 22 qhov chaw tiv thaiv kab mob thiab xaus lus tias qhov chaw tiv thaiv kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kev txhaj tshuaj.

19. Muaj ntau cov kev tshawb fawb zoo sib xws, ntawm no yog ob peb ntxiv, rau cov neeg uas xav delve ntxiv rau hauv lub ntsiab lus lom zem:

20. Kev sib piv ntawm kev siv cov lus hauv cov lus tshaj tawm tiv thaiv thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov lus teb rau cov lus tshaj tawm hauv Facebook. (Faasse, 2016, Vaccine)

Cov kws sau ntawv tshawb fawb tau tshuaj xyuas cov lus ntawm Mark Zuckerberg's Facebook tshaj tawm. Lawv tau txiav txim siab tias cov lus tawm tsam tshuaj tiv thaiv tau tshuaj xyuas ntau dua thiab cuam tshuam ntau dua. Cov lus hais ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau cim los ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntau ntxiv.

21. Cov nyiaj pab tau pom rau tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb no. Tab sis tsis muaj nyiaj txiag txaus rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, xws li tias lawv kav ntev tshaj li ob peb hnub, thiab yuav siv cov placebo tiag tiag.

Tab sis koj tuav ntawm qhov ntawd, txhua yam zoo tshaj rau koj, thiab lub siab zoo!

PAB 18/9

Xib fwb ntawm Pediatrics Dr. Carol J. Baker muab cov kev daws teeb meem yooj yim rau cov teeb meem tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txij li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau yog neeg dawb thiab muaj kev kawm, nws qhia kom tshem tawm txhua tus neeg dawb hauv Tebchaws Meskas.