Cov tub rog txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Tsis muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm hauv lawv lub tebchaws, cov tub ceev xwm no tau mus rau thaj chaw uas tsis paub txog Russia, uas muaj peev xwm txaus siab rau lawv cov txuj ci thiab lub peev xwm.

1. Patrick Gordon

Ua ntej koom nrog kev pabcuam Lavxias, Scotsman Patrick Leopold Gordon ntawm Ohlukhris tau tswj hwm kev pabcuam Sweden thiab Poland. Nws pom nws tus kheej ci ntsa iab thaum lub sij hawm Lavxias teb sab-Polish tsov rog (1654-1667) uas qhuas Lavxias teb sab Ambassador rau Warsaw Zamyatnya Leontyev yaum nws mus rau lub yeej rog ntawm Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Tom qab ntau xyoo siv nyob rau hauv kev ua tsov ua rog tawm tsam Turks thiab Crimean Tatars nyob rau yav qab teb ciam teb ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev, Patrick Gordon tau los ua ib tug ntawm cov confidants thiab cov koom haum ntawm Peter lub Great, pab nws mus nqa tawm loj-scale transformation nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Ib tug zoo heev theorist thiab practitioner ntawm tub rog affairs, nws tau los ua tus "vajtswv" ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg zov: nws tau koom nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua kev cob qhia cov thawj guardsmen, qhia lawv yuav ua li cas los tsim, qhia fortifications, teem tub rog camps, thiab lwm yam.

Raws li ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj, lub Scotsman tau koom nyob rau hauv lub Azov phiaj los nqis tes ntawm 1695-1696, lub sij hawm uas Russia coj thawj kauj ruam mus rau consolidation nyob rau hauv lub Dub hiav txwv cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv lub ntees tuag ntawm Patrick Gordon, uas tuag nyob rau hauv 1699, Peter lub Great hais tias: "Kuv muab ib tug puv tes ntawm av rau nws, thiab nws muab ib tug tag nrho thaj av rau kuv nrog Azov."

2. Christopher Munich

Thaum xyoo 1721 Saxon Count Burchard Christoph von Munnich tau txais kev caw kom nkag mus rau hauv kev pabcuam ntawm tus kav Lavxias teb sab Peter lub Great, nws twb tau ua tub rog engineer hauv plaub European tub rog thiab tau dhau los ntawm kev ua tsov rog thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Nyob rau hauv Russia, txawm li cas los xij, suav von Munnich (hu ua Christopher Antonovich Minich) thaum xub thawj tau koom nrog cov khoom siv pej xeem: nws tso txoj kev, tsim cov chaw nres nkoj thiab hla kwj dej.

Nrog rau kev nkag mus ntawm Anna Ioannovna hauv 1730, Minich tau tso siab rau kev hloov kho tub rog. Khristofor Antonovich tau ua txoj haujlwm zoo: nws tau txiav txim siab ua tub rog nyiaj txiag, tsim cov tsev kawm ntawv garrison thiab tsev kho mob rau cov neeg raug mob, nrhiav tau thawj cov tub rog tub rog hauv tebchaws Russia. Nyob rau hauv nws, thawj hussar thiab sapper regiments tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov tub rog Lavxias teb sab, ntau tshaj li tsib caug fortresses tau tsim thiab modernized.

Minich kuj tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ua tub rog thawj coj. Nyob rau hauv 1736, Lavxias teb sab tub rog nyob rau hauv nws cov lus txib invaded Crimea thawj zaug nyob rau hauv keeb kwm thiab hlawv lub peev ntawm lub Crimean Khanate, Bakhchisarai. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 28, 1739, tus thawj coj tau kov yeej cov tub rog loj tshaj plaws ntawm Ottoman Empire (60 txhiab tawm tsam 90 txhiab tus neeg) hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stavuchany, tsuas yog poob 13 tus tub rog (tus yeeb ncuab poob ntau tshaj li ib txhiab). Qhov kev yeej no tshem tawm cov lus dab neeg ntawm "invincible Turks" thiab cim qhov pib ntawm kev ua tiav uas tau nrog cov tub rog Lavxias hauv kev tsov rog nrog Turkey thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua 18th.

Ib tug tub rog tiag tiag, Khristofor Antonovich tsis tau zoo heev nyob rau hauv lub intricacies ntawm lub tsev hais plaub intrigues. Nyob rau hauv 1741, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Elizaveta Petrovna, nws raug xa mus rau exile nyob rau hauv lub Urals, qhov chaw uas nws siv 20 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 1762, Emperor Peter III rov qab 78-xyoo-laus Minich rau St.

Tus huab tais extravagant thiab unpredictable tswj kom tig tag nrho nws entourage tawm tsam nws tus kheej, uas thaum kawg ua rau nws overthrow thiab accession ntawm nws tus poj niam Catherine II. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev tso tawm, tus thawj tub ceev xwm yuav luag tsuas yog tus uas tseem muab siab npuab rau Peter III thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev tawm tsam. Tus Empress tsis rau txim rau cov qub German. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws ua rau nws txoj kev npau suav qub ua tiav - nws tau tsa nws ua tus tswv xeev ntawm Siberia, uas nws yog mus txog rau thaum nws tuag hauv 1767.

3. Samuel Greig

Zoo li ntau Scots ua ntej thiab tom qab nws, nws tsis yooj yim rau Samuel Greig kom nce qib hauv British navy system. Thaum nws paub tias Russia xav tau cov tub ceev xwm tub rog txawv teb chaws muaj peev xwm, nws tsis yig tau ntev.

Thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Chesme (1770), ib qho ntawm cov yeeb yam tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia, Greig coj ib pab pawg neeg tua hluav taws ships uas tau txiav txim siab rau lub Ottoman fleet. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov yeeb ncuab poob 15 ntawm nws 16 lub nkoj ntawm txoj kab, 6 frigates, nrog rau 11 txhiab tus tub rog thiab cov neeg tsav nkoj.

Samuel Greig tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej tsis yog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua xwb, tab sis kuj tau ua ntau yam rau kev txhim kho cov tub rog Lavxias. Ua tsaug rau nws, naval artillery tau txhim kho tau zoo, hom tshiab ntawm cov nkoj tau tsim, thiab thawj zaug hauv Russia, cov nkoj hauv qab dej tau pib sheathed nrog cov ntawv tooj liab, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txhim kho lawv txoj kev tsav tsheb.

4. Roman Crown

Nyob rau hauv 1788, 34-xyoo-laus Lieutenant ntawm British Navy, Scotsman Robert Crown, nkag mus rau hauv cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub Baltic Fleet ntawm Russia, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais lub npe Lavxias teb sab Roman Vasilyevich thiab hais kom ua ntawm lub sailing-rowing nkoj (cotter) "Mercury". Nws tsis tas yuav tos ntev rau lub sijhawm los ua pov thawj nws tus kheej - nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo kev ua tsov ua rog nrog Sweden pib (1788-1790).

Crown muaj kev txiav txim siab thiab ua siab loj, paub xaiv lub sijhawm zoo rau kev tawm tsam. Nrog tsuas yog 24 phom nyob rau hauv lub nkoj, nws ua siab loj tawm tsam thiab nce 44 phom frigate Venus, thiab kuj tau pab ntes 64 phom nkoj Retvizan. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Vyborg thaum Lub Xya Hli 3, 1790, nws "Mercury" tau tsoo 12 Swedish rowing ships.

Kev koom tes hauv kev ua tsov rog tom ntej tawm tsam Fabkis tau nqa Crown mus rau saum tus ntaiv haujlwm. Tus Scotsman tau qhia nws tus kheej zoo nyob rau hauv Anglo-Lavxias teb sab ntxeem tau ntawm Holland, thiab nyob rau hauv naval blockade ntawm Fabkis thiab Danish ports. Nyob rau hauv 1814, Vice Admiral Roman Crown tau txais ib tug tshwj xeeb qhuas - nyob rau hauv lub flagship ntawm nws pab tub rog, King Louis XVIII rov qab mus rau Fabkis los ntawm nws exile nyob rau hauv teb chaws Askiv.

5. Nkag mus rau Geiden

Thaum cov tub rog Fab Kis tau tuav lub tebchaws Netherlands xyoo 1795 thiab yuam nws tus neeg sawv cev (tus thawj tswj hwm) Tub Vaj Ntxwv William V ntawm Txiv Kab Ntxwv kom khiav mus, tus tub ceev xwm tub rog suav Ludwig-Sigismund Gustav von Heiden tseem ua siab ncaj rau kev raug tshem tawm, uas nws raug kaw rau ob peb lub hlis. Thaum nws raug tso tawm, nws tau txiav txim siab tias kev nyob hauv nws lub tebchaws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau nws, thiab tau cog lus rau Russia.

Cov suav, uas tau los ua Login Petrovich Heyden nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, muaj tsov rog nrog Sweden nyob rau hauv 1808-1809 thiab Napoleonic Fabkis, tab sis lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua ntawm nws lub neej yog tsov rog ntawm Navarino tawm tsam lub Turkish-Egyptian fleet nyob rau hauv 1827.

Cov tub rog, uas tau nce mus rau qib ntawm Rear Admiral Heiden, tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv qhov kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, tab sis nws thiaj li kov yeej nws qhov chaw thiab sab xis. Kev yeej tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tiav ntawm Greek lub teb chaws txoj kev ywj pheej, thiab tim Nkij teb chaws tsis hnov qab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm tus thawj coj tub rog: ib txoj hauv kev hauv Athens tau muab npe rau tom qab nws, ib lub monument tau tsim nyob rau hauv Pylos, thiab ib daim ntawv xa mus nrog lub Daim duab ntawm Login Petrovich tau muab tso rau ntawm ib puas xyoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb.