Lub nroog nyob qhov twg? Ntu 3

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nws tsis yog yooj yim heev nrog fortifications ib yam. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm lub forts ntawm Kronstadt thiab lub ntsej muag ntawm lub embankments, ib tug zoo kawg li tus nqi ntawm granite blocks ntawm ib tug zoo tagnrho cov duab tau siv. Muaj txog kaum lub forts ntawm cov blocks hauv Gulf of Finland. Lawv tau ntsib nrog txiav granite hnyav txog li 2 tons. Ntxiv mus, cov blocks yog pw tsis muaj mortar. Rau xws li nteg, nws yog tsim nyog los ua kom lawv nrog tolerances ntawm tsis ntau tshaj 0.5 hli (raws li nyob rau hauv ceramic vuas), tib tolerances siv rau lub perpendicularity ntawm cov npoo. Cov blocks nyob rau hauv cov duab zoo ib yam li cov tsos ntawm tus qauv (conveyor) khoom. Ua rau lawv los ntawm tes, txawm tias ua tau, yog kim thiab siv sijhawm ntev (kwv yees li ib qho thaiv ib hlis rau ib qho me me artel nruab nrog cov khoom siv). Precise thiab ntev kev sib tsoo ntawm cov dav hlau yog tsim nyog kom tau txais cov npoo du, chipping-dawb npoo. Nrog kev ua kom rov ua tau zoo, thiab ntawm qhov loj me, kev tsim khoom zoo li no tsis tshua muaj peev xwm ua tau. Kuv tsis nco qab tias nyob rau hauv phau ntawv kawm ntawm Peter lub Great era, gapless thiab mortarless masonry tau piav. Kuv tseem tsis tau tham txog cov qauv kaum ntawm meters siab nrog xws li masonry. Ntau tshaj precision thiab meej nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov qauv tiv thaiv tsis yog nyob rau hauv kev pom zoo ntawm phau ntawv ntau lawm. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd nws tsis tsim nyog, thiab tsis muaj nyiaj li ntawd, tab sis nrog lub tshuab, conveyor, ntau lawm, qhov tseeb yog tau los ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab tsis ua rau xav tsis thoob. Nws hloov tawm hais tias txhua yam nyob rau hauv kwj dej, thiab cov complex ua ntawm granite blocks tau muab rau peb cov poj koob yawm txwv yooj yim heev, saib:

Ntawm no yog cov feem ntau ntawm cov phab ntsa rau sab laug thiab sab xis ntawm lub rooj vag.

Rau kev sib piv, cia saib cov masonry ntawm lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Apollo hauv Delphi (tim Nkij teb chaws)

Puas yog cov duab ntawm lub pob zeb, style thiab txoj kev nteg zoo li txhua yam? Cov khoom sib txawv, koj hais tias, Kuv pom zoo tag nrho rau koj, tab sis txoj kev ntawm lub pob zeb ua tiav, masonry thev naus laus zis nws tus kheej - lawv zoo ib yam, tsuas yog cov neeg dig muag yuav tsis pom qhov no.

Kuv tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov kev xav: txawm tias thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho cov docks, cov khoom siv npaj tau raug siv, coj los ntawm lwm qhov chaw (muaj cov qauv tiav tau muab tshem tawm, sib sau ua ke ntawm no), lossis rau cov kws ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, ua haujlwm. nrog granite zoo li menyuam yaus ua si, raws li lawv xav tau, lawv txiav nws, hais txog qhov hnyav ntawm cov blocks Kuv nyob ntsiag to, txog qhov no me ntsis tom qab.

Ladder nyob rau sab hnub poob dock. Cov khoom siv yog liab granite, qhov no tsis tuaj yeem txiav rau ntawm lub tshuab. Yog tias kev ua haujlwm yog phau ntawv, vim li cas thiaj li ua haujlwm hnyav? Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua los nqa thiab quav ib tus ntaiv ua los ntawm cov duab plaub. Tab sis rau cov tswv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, txoj haujlwm zoo li no tsis nyuaj, yog li lawv txiav raws li lawv xav tau.

Qhov no yog Kronstadt (forts), tab sis masonry thev naus laus zis nws tus kheej xav tsis thoob, nws zoo li Machu Picchu li cas.

Cuzco Region, Peru. (Machu Picchu. South America, Peru.)

Tej zaum Peter 1 tau tuav ntawm Incas qhov chaw nrog cov Aztecs, txog ib txhiab xyoo, thiab yuam kom lawv tsim Kronstadt, los yog extorted technology los ntawm lawv, ua factories, tsev kawm ntawv, qhia tib neeg, yuav machines los ntawm tib Incas … thiab pib ntau lawm. Thaum kawg ntawm kev tsim kho, tus thawj coj-monk hais tias: - Fuck-tibidokh-takh-takh! … thiab txhua yam evaporated: tshuab, factories, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev paub, nco txog kev tsim kho. Thiab cov tsev yog sawv, nyob rau hauv Russia, raws li historians, rau ob puas xyoo lawm, nyob rau hauv America, raws li zoo raws li tib historians, ob peb txhiab xyoo, tsawg kawg. Kuv xav tias nws keeb kwm yog "ntau keeb kwm"?

- Vasya, thiab Vasya, koj puas tau kawm keeb kwm?

- Dab tsi rau? Kuv mam li tuaj nrog che-xov, kuv mam li qhia rau koj paub ntxiv, tus kws qhia yuav muab ntxiv tsib.

- Thiab raws li phau ntawv?

- Yuav ua li cas txog phau ntawv? Cov "laus" yog tag nrho cov hnav, tab sis nyob rau hauv "tshiab", tsis muaj dab tsi hais txog dab tsi nyob rau hauv "qub".

A. Sklyarov yog wandering thoob ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm polygonal masonry thiab … ancient technologies. Thiab ntawm no txhua yam yog nyob rau ntawm lub platter nyiaj:

- Coj nws!

- Kuv tsis xav!

Lub npe nrov Petrovsky dock.

Ib qho surprises, granite forts thiab embankments tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub Baltic, uas yog nyob rau hauv Kronstadt thiab St. Petersburg, forts ntawm Konigsberg (Kaliningrad) yog cib, txawm li cas los, zoo li tag nrho cov lwm yam. Yog li ntawd qhov kev paub mus qhov twg?

Ob peb lo lus hais txog qhov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm cov tsev, saib daim ntawv qhia, ntawm hnub tim … thiab ntawm cov ntoo khaub lig ntawm cov spirers.

… thiab cov forts ntawm Kronstadt thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.

Txawm tias tus kws kos duab dag, los yog xws li kev tsim kho, txawm nyob rau hauv dej, zoo, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj ntaub ntawv pov thawj, kev cob qhia engineers, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nrog kev ua tiav ntawm kev nco ntawm kev tsim kho.

Kuv tsis tuaj yeem hla los ntawm ob qhov kev tsim kho loj tshaj plaws (tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li "Thunder Pob Zeb", "Isaac" thiab "Alexander's Pillar"), uas cov kws sau keeb kwm tau yooj yim ntaus nqi rau tag nrho cov tam sim no thiab omnipotent Tsar Peter lub Great

Cov kwj dej loj (Novoladozhsky thiab Staroladozhsky) ncav cuag yuav luag los ntawm Neva raws ntug dej hiav txwv yav qab teb ntawm Ladoga.

Novoladozhsky channel

Staroladozhsky channel.

Kev tsim kho zoo li cas xav tau? Peb paub txog qhov no los ntawm keeb kwm tsis ntev los no, txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb tsuas yog sau tseg tias cov kwj dej tau tsim los rau kev txav mus los ntawm cov nkoj raws Ladoga (qhov twg thiab qhov twg?). Lub idiocy ntawm cov lus no yog pom tseeb.

Ua ntej, nws yooj yim dua rau kev taug qab cov nkoj nrog Ladoga nws tus kheej (thaum tsaus ntuj, hauv huab cua, thiab lwm yam), vim tias kev tsim kho ntawm kwj dej siv sijhawm thiab tsis tuaj yeem nqa tawm zais cia. Thiab yog hais tias tus yeeb ncuab paub txog lub hav zoov ntawm channel, ces nws yog txaus los tso saib nyob rau hauv lub ntug dej thiab …

Qhov thib ob, lub kwj dej tau raug khawb raws li ntug dej ntawm Ladoga thiab pom zoo los ntawm lub pas dej - tsis muaj leej twg zoo li tau zais nws. Zaum hauv lub toj ntxas qub hauv lub zos Kobona, saib cov kwj dej thiab Lake Ladoga tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj kev piav qhia tsim nyog rau kev khawb cov kwj dej no. Ib lo lus nug ncaj ncees tshwm sim: vim li cas cov nqi zoo li no? Txawm tias niaj hnub no, tau suav cov ntim, kos duab kos duab kos duab rau hauv tus account lub peev xwm ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, peb tau txais qhov chaw tsim kho uas yuav siv sijhawm ntau xyoo. Thiab tag nrho cov no coj mus rau hauv tus account lub fact tias factories (tsis artels, namely factories) rau extraction, ntau lawm thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm granite, excavator khoom thiab hnyav tsheb thauj khoom twb tau tsim thiab ua hauj lwm. Kuv nyob ntsiag to txog cov neeg ua haujlwm engineering, cov neeg tshawb nrhiav, cov neeg tsim choj, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv nroog, cov neeg ua haujlwm thauj, cov neeg ua haujlwm dej.

Los ntawm kev sib piv: Kev tsim lub Panama Canal tsuas yog sai, kev lag luam thiab yooj yim.

Lub nkoj Asmeskas tab tom mus txog ib qho ntawm Panama Canal locks.

Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1879, Paris Geographical Society tau los nrog kev pib tsim lub Tuam Txhab General Interoceanic Canal Company thiab tau txib Ferdinand de Lesseps los ua tus coj. Ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm keeb kwm, nws tau ua tiav kev saib xyuas kev tsim kho ntawm Suez Canal hauv tebchaws Iziv, uas tau tshaj tawm xyoo 1869. Cov nplai ntawm kev tsim kho hauv Panama tau cog lus tias yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua. Xyoo 1878, tus kws tshaj lij Lucien Napoleon Bonaparte-Weiss tau txais 99-xyoo kev cog lus rau kev tsim kho thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kwj dej los ntawm Colombian cov tub ceev xwm. Tab sis tus yawm txiv ntawm tus huab tais twb paub nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm hais tias nws tsis nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm los tsa ib qhov project. Ferdinand de Lesseps tau yooj yim yaum Bonaparte-Weiss kom tso cai tsim cov kwj dej rau nws rau 10 lab francs thiab pib ua raws li qhov xwm txheej twb tau sim ntawm Suez Canal. Peb muab shares. Tab sis lawv tau tsa nyiaj tsawg dua li qhov xav tau - 300 lab francs hloov ntawm plaub puas tau npaj. Tus tsim ntawm Suez Canal mus rau Tebchaws Meskas, tab sis nyob ntawd nws tsis tau muab nyiaj. Cov Yankees tseem muaj tseeb rau Monroe Lus Qhuab Qhia: Tebchaws Asmeskas yog thaj chaw txuag rau cov tuam txhab Asmeskas. Fab Kis, txawm li cas los xij, tsis mus thim rov qab thiab xyoo 1881 tau pib tsim kho. Txij thaum pib, txhua yam mus txawv txawv. Cov pob zeb tsim kho tau tawg, tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog cov pob zeb hauv av. Cov neeg ua haujlwm, coj los ntawm feem ntau los ntawm cov cheeb tsam Caribbean ze ntawm Fabkis, raug mowed nyob rau hauv ntau txhiab los ntawm daj kub taub hau thiab malaria. Nws tau mus txog qhov uas cov neeg uas raug xaiv rau kev tsim kho sab laug rau Panama nrog hleb npaj ua ntej! Ntxiv ntawm no …

Weaklings, huh? Lawv yuav muaj peev xwm ua khawv koob ntawm Peter lub Great, lawv yuav tau tswj nws hauv rau lub hlis.

Kev sib koom ua ke thiab monotony ntawm cov vaj tse monumental tau tawg thoob plaws ntiaj teb kuj xav tsis thoob

Piv txwv li:

Trafalgar Square hauv London

Lub txhab nyiaj ntawm Thames, vim li cas Sphinx nyob ntawm no?

Ntawm no yog Paris

Nkag mus rau Louvre, tib yam Sphinx

Thiab qhov no yog Berlin

Sphinx dua

Tseem yog Iyi tebchaws

Istanbul

Dua cov Sphinxes

Rome

Thiab tom qab ntawd Sphinx

Odessa

Thiab Sphinx

Ua tib zoo saib cov ntawv sau ntawm lub phaj.

Kiev

Kiev kuj muaj nws tus kheej sphinx, ntawm no yog qhov txuas.

Tom ntej no mus rau lub pob zeb thaiv uas zoo li lub Sphinx yog lub tsev ntawm National Academy of Music ntawm Ukraine, uas nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev zoo li lub architecture ntawm nto moo San Carlo Theatre hauv Naples. Yog, thiab ntawm no daim duab ntawm Sphinx evokes mystical reflections.

Thiab tseem yog tib tug Peter, puas muaj ntau yam coincidences?

Thiab ntawm no yog ubiquitous Sphinx

Los yog zoo li no

Tej zaum cov no tsis yog ib qho yooj yim coincidences, cov no yog cov cim - cov cim ntawm kev cog lus rau ib yam dab tsi, los yog rau ib tug neeg, piv txwv li: "Peb paub, peb nco ntsoov, peb hwm." Tsuas yog dab tsi?