Sviridov - lus xaiv ntawm lub era

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Art tsis yog kos duab xwb. Nws yog ib feem ntawm kev ntseeg (sab ntsuj plig) kev nco qab ntawm tib neeg. Thaum kos duab tsis nco qab, nws dhau los ua "zoo nkauj" kev lom zem. Cov neeg uas tsis nyob ze rau qhov kev nco qab ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm cov tib neeg tsis to taub lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev kos duab, nws lub cim nco txog lub ntsiab lus.

G. V. Sviridov

Tau ntau xyoo lawm, tag nrho lub teb chaws tau mloog cov suab paj nruag ntawm Georgy Sviridov rau ntau xyoo lawm. Nws yog nws cov suab paj nruag "Lub Sijhawm, mus tom ntej!" tau destined los ua ib tug harbinger thiab lub cim ntawm tag nrho cov xov xwm tseem ceeb ntawm ib nrab xyoo pua dhau los. Tej zaum, qhov no yog qhov kev pom ntawm txoj hmoo - nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua dhau los tsis muaj tus kws sau ntawv uas nws txoj haujlwm tau cuam tshuam nrog Russia, nws cov kab lis kev cai tseem ceeb thiab lub hauv paus ntawm sab ntsuj plig.

luv biography

Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 3, 1915, hauv koog tsev kawm ntawv nroog Fatezh, cheeb tsam Kursk, tus tub hlob yug hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm xov tooj thiab tus kws qhia ntawv. Cov niam txiv muaj cov hauv paus hniav thiab tsis tuaj yeem xav tias lawv tus tub, Georgy Vasilyevich Sviridov, yuav dhau los ua ib tus kws sau nkauj nto moo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia. Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, nws tus kwv thiab tus muam yug los. Xyoo 1919, tus tub yau ntawm Sviridovs tuag los ntawm tus mob khaub thuas Spanish, thiab tom qab ntawd nws txiv tuag. Tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Kursk, qhov twg Yura pib ua si balalaika, thiab tom qab ntawd tus me nyuam muaj peev xwm tau txais mus rau hauv lub suab seev suab paj nruag. Cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag tau pom zoo kom tus tub hluas mus txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm hauv Leningrad. Nrog lawv lub teeb tes, xyoo 1932, Yura nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm suab paj nruag. Tom qab ntawd nws mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej, qhov chaw uas nws muaj hmoo txaus los ua tub ntxhais kawm ntawm DD. Shostakovich. Txawm li cas los xij, Sviridov txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog nws tus kws qhia zoo nyob deb ntawm huab tsis muaj dab tsi. Nws txawm poob tawm ntawm lub conservatory nyob rau hauv nws lub xyoo tas los, tsis tau rov qab mus rau cov chav kawm ntawv tom qab lub yeej Shostakovich ua rau nws mus rau rau zaj nkauj rau cov lus ntawm A. Prokofiev. Kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov kws sau paj huam tsuas yog ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd.

Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1941, Sviridov tau nce qib los ntawm tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag mus rau tub rog, tab sis thaum kawg ntawm tib lub xyoo nws kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo tsis tso cai rau nws ua haujlwm ntxiv. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom rov qab mus rau hauv lub nroog Leningrad, qhov chaw uas nws niam thiab cov muam tseem nyob, thiab mus txog rau thaum lub lifting ntawm blockade nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Novosibirsk. Nyob rau hauv 1956 Sviridov tsiv mus rau lub peev. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, nws coj ib tug tibneeg hu tauj coob lub neej nyob rau hauv lub neej, tuav lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Union ntawm Composers.

Thaum tseem yog menyuam kawm ntawv, tus composer yuav pianist Valentina Tokareva, nyob rau hauv 1940 lawv muaj ib tug tub, Sergei. Kev sib yuav tsis kav ntev, twb nyob rau hauv 1944 Sviridov tshuav tsev neeg rau cov hluas Aglaya Kornienko. Tom qab 4 xyoos, nws rov los ua leej txiv ntawm nws tus tub, George Jr., tam sim ntawd tom qab yug me nyuam, nws tsiv mus rau nws tus poj niam thib peb Elsa Gustavovna Klaser. Georgy Vasilievich tshaj tawm nws ob tug tub. Sergei tua tus kheej thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16 xyoo, tom qab ntawd Sviridov thawj lub plawv nres. Georgy Georgievich tuag rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 30, 1997 los ntawm tus mob ntev. Tus kws sau ntawv yeej tsis tau kawm txog qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai no - nws tus poj niam yuav qhia nws txog nws thaum nws muaj zog dua tom qab lub plawv nres tsis ntev los no. Qhov no tsis tau tshwm sim - ib lub lim tiam tom qab nws tus tub yau tuag, Lub Ib Hlis 6, 1998, Sviridov tuag.

Nthuav qhov tseeb

• Tus kws sau ntawv tsis muaj cov xeeb ntxwv ncaj qha. Elsa Gustavovna tuag plaub lub hlis tom qab nws. Tag nrho cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim ntawm Sviridov yog ua los ntawm nws tus muam tus tub, kos duab thuam Alexander Belonenko. Nws tsim National Sviridov Fund thiab lub koom haum Sviridov. Nws luam tawm phau ntawv Music li Destiny, raws li cov ntawv teev npe uas tus kws sau ntawv khaws cia txij li xyoo 60s lig. Nyob rau hauv 2002 no tsab tau tshaj tawm tias phau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 2001, thawj daim ntawv qhia ua tiav rau Sviridov cov hauj lwm tau muab tso ua ke, unpublished music texts tau rov qab los. Nyob rau hauv 2002, luam tawm tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm G. V. Sviridov nyob rau hauv 30 ntim pib.
• Sviridov hu nws tus tub hlob nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Sergei Yesenin. Tus tub yau Georgy Georgievich yog tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev hais lus Nyij Pooj medieval. Xyoo 1991 nws raug caw mus ua haujlwm hauv Nyij Pooj. Rau nws, nws tau dhau los ua kev cawmdim - vim yog lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, nws xav tau hemodialysis tsis tu ncua, uas tau ua dawb hauv Nyiv.
• Vasily Grigorievich Sviridov, leej txiv ntawm composer, tuag nyob rau hauv tragic xwm txheej. Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, nws tau ua yuam kev raug nyiag mus rau kev tuag nrog saber los ntawm Red Army, coj daim ntawv ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm xa ntawv rau White Guard. Tus muam Tamara yug tom qab nws txiv tuag.
• Georgy Vasilievich yog ib tug neeg kawm ntawv encyclopedically. Nws lub tsev qiv ntawv hauv tsev muaj ntau dua 2,500 phau ntawv - los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam thaum ub mus rau cov kws sau ntawv Soviet. Nws kawm tau zoo nyob rau hauv painting thiab duab puab. Muaj cov neeg ua pov thawj pom qhov nws tau coj mus ncig ntawm lub tsev nrog cov duab kos los ntawm Turner hauv London art gallery.
• Ob leeg nyob rau hauv rehearsal ua hauj lwm thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, Sviridov yog hnyav thiab authoritarian, nws yuav tsis sawv unprofessionalism thiab tsis muaj lub hauv paus ntsiab lus.
• Sviridov yog ib tug nyiam phau ntawv hlub thiab tus neeg nuv ntses.

• Georgy Vasilievich, tsis zoo li ntau ntawm nws cov phooj ywg kawm, tsis yog ib tus neeg nplua nuj. Piv txwv li, nws tsis muaj nws tus kheej dacha, nyob rau hauv lub xeev, thiab lub piano uas nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev yog xauj los ntawm lub Union ntawm Composers.
• Thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, tus kws sau paj huam khuv xim tias nws tsis tau sau ib qho kev ua yeeb yam, vim nws tau ua yuam kev ntseeg tias hom ntawv no tau ploj mus. Txawm li cas los xij, ob ntawm Sviridov's operettas, "Lub hiav txwv nthuav dav" thiab "Tseeb", tau nrov heev.
• Kev kub ntxhov ntawm xyoo 1948, uas ua raws li Politburo txoj kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev ua yeeb yam "Great Friendship" los ntawm V. Muradeli, kuj cuam tshuam rau Sviridov, txawm hais tias nws lub npe tsis suav nrog kev daws teeb meem. Nws tus kws qhia ntawv, D. D. Shostakovich, uas nws cov tub ntxhais kawm kuj poob rau hauv kev txaj muag, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv nqus tsev vacuum, tsis muaj kev txiav txim rau tej hauj lwm thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau lawv. Nws yog lub sij hawm uas tau sau ntau "ntawm lub rooj".
• Ib qho ntawm feem kev vam meej thiab tseem ceeb tej hauj lwm ntawm lub composer, "Pathetic Oratorio", sib nrauj Sviridov thiab Shostakovich. Dmitry Dmitrievich tsis nyiam Mayakovsky, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lwm tus neeg ntaus suab paj nruag thuam lub tswv yim ntawm ib daim raws li nws cov paj huam. Feem ntau ntawm cov composer pej xeem txhawb Shostakovich lub tswv yim. Kev sim tau ua los thaiv qhov khoom plig ntawm Lenin nqi zog rau sonata. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau qhov khoom plig thiab tus kheej los ntawm M. Suslov, ua tsaug uas tus kws sau ntawv tau dhau los ua Leninist tus yeej. Tab sis qhov kev tawm tsam no nyob rau hauv absentia, nrog rau cov kev sib txawv muaj tswv yim tom ntej, txias kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg sau tau ntau xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev ua ntej nws tuag, Sviridov lees paub tias ntawm tag nrho cov suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nws hlub tiag tiag tsuas yog suab paj nruag ntawm Shostakovich.
• Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 60s, Sviridov sau ib tug tshiab version ntawm lub USSR anthem nyob rau hauv nqe lus ntawm A. Tvardovsky. Nws yeej tsis tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem thiab tsuas yog khaws cia hauv tus kheej archive ntawm tus kws sau ntawv.
• Ntawm tag nrho cov composers, Sviridov muab Mussorgsky thiab Borodin saum toj no tus so rau lawv unconditional adherence rau lub canons ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem thiab sab ntsuj plig suab paj nruas kev lig kev cai. Nws suav hais tias Khovanshchina yog ib qho haujlwm loj tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias kos duab.
• Ob peb lub hlis ua ntej nws tuag, tus composer los ua ib tug honorary pej xeem ntawm Moscow.
• Lub tsuas monument nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no rau G. V. Sviridov. Txij li thaum 2005, nws lub tsev khaws puav pheej memorial tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub tsev Fatezh qhov chaw uas tus composer yug.

Xyoo ntawm kev muaj tswv yim

Tsis zoo li nws tus kws qhia ntawv thiab tus mlom, D. D. Shostakovich, Georgy Vasilievich tsis txhais hais tias "tus me nyuam prodigy." Nws thawj cov ntawv sau hnub tim rov qab mus rau 1934-1935 - cov no yog cov ntawv rau piano thiab romances ntawm paj huam los ntawm A. S. Pushkin. Tus kws sau paj huam zoo kawg nkaus yuav tau los ua tus khub ntawm tus kws sau ntawv ua haujlwm tau ntau xyoo. Nws yog lub suab paj nruag rau Pushkin's "Snowstorm" uas yuav dhau los ua tus nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov haujlwm. Nws kuj tseem yuav dhau los ua nws "dab ntxwg nyoog" - tsis muaj cov ntawv sau tom qab tau ua ntau zaus, nws yog nws nyiam los ntawm cov neeg mloog.

Rau ib tus kws sau nkauj uas hais txog cov suab paj nruag classical, qhov kev xaiv ntawm lub ntsiab muaj tswv yim kev taw qhia - suab paj nruag, nkauj, romance - kuj yog qhov tsis zoo. Txawm hais tias sonatas tau sau, thiab Piano Trio, tau txais txiaj ntsig Stalin nqi zog, thiab suab paj nruag rau kev ua yeeb yam, thiab txawm tias tsuas yog symphony xwb. Tab sis nws yog Pushkin's romances uas hloov lub neej ntawm 19-xyoo-laus aspiring composer. Sviridov sau lawv ob leeg nyob rau hauv lub suab nrov tsev so ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv suab paj nruag, thiab nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej lub tsev, mob thiab tshaib plab nyob rau hauv Petersburg, ntxiv dag zog thiab caressed los ntawm nws niam lub warmth nyob rau hauv Kursk. Cov romances tau luam tawm tam sim ntawd, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm ib puas xyoo ntawm tus kws sau paj lug tuag lawv tau ua los ntawm ntau tus neeg hu nkauj zoo.

Tus kws sau ntawv tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam ntawm thawj qhov loj - Lermontov, Tyutchev, Pasternak, R. Burns, Shakespeare. Nws teem rau suab paj nruag thiab cov style ntawm Mayakovsky, thiab txawm prose los ntawm Gogol. Tej zaum tus nyiam tshaj plaws thiab nyob ze rau nws yog Sergei Yesenin thiab Alexander Blok. Pib nrog lub suab voj voog "Kuv txiv yog ib tug neeg ua teb" thiab cov suab paj nruag-symphonic paj huam "Nyob rau hauv nco txog S. A. Yesenin", sau nyob rau hauv 1956, Sviridov tas li siv Yesenin cov paj huam los tsim nws tej hauj lwm. Yuav luag txhua zaus nws tig mus rau cov paj huam ntawm Blok, uas nws suav hais tias yog tus yaj saub ntawm nws lub tebchaws. Ntawm cov hauj lwm: "Lub suab los ntawm Chorus", lub voj voog "Petersburg Songs", cantata "Hmo ntuj huab" thiab lub xeem loj-scale ua hauj lwm, uas siv 20 xyoo los tsim - lub suab paj huam "Petersburg". Tus kws sau ntawv ua tiav txoj haujlwm no paub tias nws yuav tso siab rau nws thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam rau cov tub ntxhais hluas baritone D. Hvorostovsky. Lub premiere tau tshwm sim hauv London hauv xyoo 1995. Nyob rau hauv 1996-2004, tus singer tso ob discs ntawm Sviridov cov hauj lwm. Tau ntau xyoo, E. Obraztsova yog Sviridov's muse, nrog rau ob peb romance concerts tau ua, qhov twg tus composer tus kheej nrog tus singer, cov ntaub ntawv raug kaw.

Choral suab paj nruag yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm Sviridov txoj hauj lwm. Cov no yog "Tsib Choirs rau Lo Lus los ntawm Lavxias Poets", thiab cantata "Kursk Songs" raws li cov lus dab neeg, tau txais txiaj ntsig Lub Xeev, thiab nto moo "Pushkin Wreath". Tus sau tau xaiv hom haujlwm no ua ib qho kev hais kwv txhiaj choral. Lub wreath yog ib lub cim ntawm lub neej nws tus kheej nrog nws lub voj voog ntawm lub caij, lub voj voog ntawm kev yug thiab kev tuag. Kev xav thiab kev xav, sab nraud thiab sab hauv, yog intertwined nyob rau hauv nws. Los ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Sviridov tau xaiv 10 zaj paj huam - sau nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv, los ntawm 1814 txog 1836, txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus, mus ob peb vas, nto moo thiab yuav luag tsis nco qab. Txhua qhov ntawm qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj, sib zog ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus poetic, muaj nws lub suab. Tus kws sau ntawv tsis txwv rau pawg hu nkauj, nws qhia cov cuab yeej nrog, tswb nrov, siv lub suab ntawm ob chav hu nkauj.

Nyob rau hauv 1958-1959, Sviridov tsim xya-ntu "Pathetic Oratorio" nyob rau hauv nqe lus ntawm V. Mayakovsky. Txoj hauj lwm no tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm ib theem tshiab hauv tus neeg sau lub neej. Lub oratorio yog qhov txawv rau ntau tus - ib qho kev sau ntawv (tom qab tag nrho, Mayakovsky's paj huam raug suav hais tias yog kev tawm suab paj nruag), kev nthuav dav ntawm lub suab paj nruag thiab hu nkauj, thiab daim ntawv suab paj nruag. Txoj haujlwm tau txais txiaj ntsig Lenin nqi zog.

Tsis tshua muaj kev zam, xws li cantata "Ode rau Lenin" rau cov lus ntawm R. Rozhdestvensky, Sviridov tsis ntxeev siab rau nws txoj hauj lwm - kom qhuas Russia, nws cov neeg, xwm, kab lis kev cai, sab ntsuj plig. Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm kawg ntawm tus tswv yog cov nkauj hu nkauj "Chants and Prayers", sau rau ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nkauj ntawm David.

Sviridov's music nyob rau hauv xinesmas

Txij li thaum xyoo 1940, Georgy Vasilyevich tau ua haujlwm rau xinesmas 12 zaug. Cov suab paj nruag rau ob zaj duab xis tau dhau lub koob meej ntawm cov duab lawv tus kheej. Xyoo 1964, Vladimir Basov tau ua yeeb yaj kiab "Snowstorm" raws li zaj dab neeg ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm Pushkin thiab caw Sviridov los sau nkauj. Lyrical melodies tau yug los uas zoo kawg nkaus qhia txog lub neej yawg koob ntawm cov xeev ntawm Pushkin era. Xyoo 1973, tus kws sau nkauj tau sau "Cov duab kos duab rau zaj dab neeg ntawm A. S. Pushkin's "Snowstorm". Ib xyoos tom qab, zaj duab xis "Lub Sijhawm, Forward!" tau tso tawm. hais txog cov builders ntawm Magnitka. Cov thawj coj tau ua si los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv lub sijhawm. Sviridov lub suab paj nruag vividly qhia txog kev txaus siab thiab lub siab lub ntsws upsurge ntawm Soviet hluas.

Tus kws sau ntawv lwm cov yeeb yaj kiab suav nrog Rimsky-Korsakov (1952), Kev Sawv Rov Los (1961), Liab Tswb. Zaj duab xis 2. Kuv pom kev yug dua tshiab” (1982). Nyob rau hauv 1981, lub operetta "Lights" tau ua yeeb yaj kiab (cov yeeb yaj kiab "Nws nyob tom qab Narva outpost").

Sviridov lub suab paj nruag tsis tshua muaj siv nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis soundtracks. Qee qhov ntawm ob peb yog: "Lorenzo's Oil" (1992), "Tuag Txiv Neej Taug Kev" (1995), "Tanner Hall" (2009).

Sviridov xaiv ib zaj nkauj ua nws daim ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm creativity. Nws tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm kev ua neej nyob, ntseeg tias kev kos duab yuav tsum yooj yim thiab nkag siab. Raws li ib tug neeg ntseeg, nws nco qab tias thaum pib muaj ib lo lus. Tus kws sau ntawv muab lo lus tshaj txhua yam. Yog li ntawd, nws mob siab rau nws lub neej rau kev sib xyaw ntawm cov lus thiab suab paj nruag. Niaj hnub no, ob xyoo caum tom qab kev ncaim ntawm tus creator, nws cov suab paj nruag tseem nyob rau - nrov, cuam tshuam thiab xav tau los ntawm cov neeg mloog.