Chemistry ntawm kev tsim cov pob zeb ntawm megaliths

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Yog, nws yog chemistry, tsis yog physics! Txawm hais tias raws li cov kev xav ntawm geology, granites, syenites yog cov pob zeb yas crystallized nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv lub siab kub thiab kub (lub cev txheej txheem). Tsim cov pob zeb polycrystalline los ntawm yaj. Nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm kuv ua ntej version hais tias cov megalithic remnants, uas sawv tawm rau lawv unnaturalness, tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li dumps los ntawm paste thickening ntawm pob zeb thaum leaching hlau los ntawm av, ore - Kuv yuav txuas ntxiv lub ntsiab lus no. Cia peb tso cov lus nug txog thaum twg thiab leej twg tau ua tiav. Tab sis kuv yuav sim qhia lub ntsiab lus: yuav ua li cas.

Kuv thov kom mus los ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab sib cav: yuav ua li cas yog granites, syenites (nws tsuas yog ntawm lawv uas zoo nkauj seem muaj) tsis yog pob zeb uas tsis muaj zog thiab tsis tau nyob hauv lub xeev molten, tab sis qhov no yog pob zeb uas crystallized rau hauv polycrystals los ntawm tshuaj. kev tshwm sim?

Granite yog dab tsi? Cov mineral yog tsim los ntawm:

1. Feldspar - 65%. Nws yog aluminosilicate pob zeb-forming ntxhia. Cov hom tseem ceeb: - orthoclase K [AlSi3O8]; - albite Na [AlSi3O8]; - anorite Ca [Al2Si2O8]. Kev sib xyaw ntawm K thiab Na hom tsim alkaline feldspar, thiab Na thiab Ca hom hu ua plagioclase. Hauv granite, feldspar yog 65-70%.

2. Quartz - 25%. Cov ntxhia tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust. Cov tshuaj formula SiO2. Quartz hauv granite yog los ntawm 25 mus rau 35%.

3. Mica - mus txog 10%, aluminosilicate ntxhia. Cov tshuaj formula R1 (R2) 3 [AlSi3O10] (OH, F) 2, qhov twg R1 yog potassium thiab sodium, thiab R2 yog hlau, lithium, txhuas, manganese. Mica ua li 5-10% ntawm granite.

Yog tias txhua yam pom tseeb nrog quartz thiab xuab zeb, cia peb pom cov 65% ntawm feldspar:

- orthoclase K [AlSi3O8];

- albite Na [AlSi3O8];

- anorite Ca [Al2Si2O8]. Cia peb nco txog qhov no. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub ntsiab ntawm av nplaum yog tib yam feldspar, thaum lub sij hawm decomposition ntawm uas nyob rau hauv tus ntawm atmospheric phenomena kaolinite thiab lwm yam hydrates yog tsim. aluminium silicates Thiab raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm feldspar yog ntsev ntawm silicic acid, silicates, tsuas yog ua ke nrog txhuas - aluminosilicates Feldspar aluminosilicates hauv granite thiab av nplaum sib txawv tsuas yog hauv cov qauv. Hauv av nplaum, nws yog nanopowder. Hauv granite muaj qee cov ntaub ntawv muaju.

Nws puas yog tias qhov kev sib cais ntawm silicates tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm leaching ntawm cov hlau los ntawm lub plab? Cov hlau leached li cas? Piv txwv li, kub? Qee cov miners kub siv cyanide leaching los rho cov khoom kub los ntawm ore. Ntau yam tshuaj reagents yog siv: sodium cyanide, nruab nrab calcium hypochlorite (bleach), tooj liab thiab hlau sulfates, sodium xanthate, caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), sodium pyrosulfite, ion pauv resin, thiourea, thiab lwm yam. Txiv qaub kuj yog siv, nws yog hlawv, ces crushed nyob rau hauv pob zeb thiab diluted nrog dej, mis nyuj ntawm txiv qaub yog tau. Sulfuric acid kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis. caustic dej qab zib (sodium hydroxide) raws li cov khoom tsim nyog tshaj plaws.

Ntxiv mus, caustic sodium, thaum reacted nrog silicon dioxide, quartz tsim ib silicic acid ntsev, raws li nyob rau hauv feldspar. Kev daws ntawm caustic soda soaps rau qhov kov. Sodium hydroxide reacts nrog txhuas, zinc, titanium. Nws tsis hnov mob nrog hlau thiab tooj liab (cov hlau uas muaj peev xwm tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob). Aluminium yaj yooj yim nyob rau hauv caustic alkali nrog tsim ntawm ib tug heev soluble complex - sodium tetrahydroxoaluminate thiab hydrogen. Cov. tuaj yeem yog li nws tuaj yeem rho tawm aluminium los ntawm av nplaum, feldspar yam tsis muaj electrolysis? Txog tam sim no, purely theoretically, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias ib co ntawm cov txhuas tseem nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub ancient ore processors thiab reacted ua ke nrog cov tsim ntawm silicic acid ntsev, piv txwv li, tsim ntawm albite: Na [AlSi3O8]

Underground leaching Yog hais tias leaching yog nqa tawm nrog acids nyob rau hauv quartz pob zeb, ces tsim silica gel Thaum cov kua qaub react nrog silicates:

Silica gel yog cov gel qhuav tsim los ntawm supersaturated daws ntawm silicic acids (nSiO2 • mH2O) ntawm pH> 5-6. Solid hydrophilic sorbent.. Silica gel yog tau los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm sodium silicate (ib feem ntawm feldspar) nrog acid (ib txoj hauv kev). Lub peev xwm ntawm silica gel kom nqus tau cov dej tseem ceeb yog siv los ua kom qhuav ntau cov kua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov kua dehydrated tsis yaj dej zoo.

Lub hnab paub zoo ntawm granules los ntawm lub thawv khau Muaj xws li ib lub tswv yim. Ntau tus neeg xav paub yuav ua li cas ntoo tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm megaliths? Tom qab tag nrho, lawv tsuas tsis muaj dej txaus kom loj hlob thiab muaj sia nyob ntawm pob zeb liab qab:

Krasnoyarsk ncej. Cov ntoo loj ntawm megalith. Nws yog qhov ua tau heev uas silica gels (qhov tseeb, tib silicon dioxide, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv sib txawv, qauv), uas yog ib feem ntawm syenites, nqus noo noo los ntawm huab cua thiab mloog zoo rau nws. Thiab nws yog txaus rau cov ntoo txawm nyob rau hauv drought. Kuv tseem yuav ntxiv cov kwj deg uas tsim nyog ntawm cov dej ntws los ntawm yuav luag txhua qhov siab uas muaj cov pob zeb zoo sib xws. Cov dej yog huv si, tsis muaj calcareous carbonates. Qhov no tsuas yog ib qho version xwb. Tej zaum kuv yuam kev ntawm no. Tab sis lub physics ntawm teeb meem tsis contradict tib silicon dioxide.

Roob Shoria. Ntoo hauv masonry dhau lawm Cia peb rov qab los rau peb qhov kev tho txawv, tab sis tseem ceeb heev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv leaching. Yuav ua li cas kom tau caustic soda ntawm qhov chaw?

Cov txheej txheem tshuaj kom tau txais sodium hydroxide

Cov txheej txheem tshuaj rau kev tsim sodium hydroxide muaj xws li pyrolytic, calcareous, thiab ferritic.

Txoj kev Pyrolytic tau txais sodium hydroxide yog qhov qub tshaj plaws thiab pib nrog kev tsim cov sodium oxide Na2O los ntawm calcining sodium carbonate ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1000 ° C (piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg): Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) kuj siv tau los ua raw khoom. cov khoom, decomposing ntawm 200 ° C rau hauv sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide thiab dej. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm sodium oxide yog txias thiab dej ntxiv kom zoo zoo (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim nrog kev tso tawm ntawm cov cua kub ntau):

Txoj kev txiv qaub tau txais sodium hydroxide muaj nyob rau hauv kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev daws ntawm dej qab zib nrog slaked txiv qaub ntawm qhov kub txog li 80 ° C. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua causticization. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim cov tshuaj sodium hydroxide thiab calcium carbonate precipitate. Calcium carbonate yog cais los ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm kev pom, ces cov tshuaj yog evaporated kom tau ib tug molten khoom uas muaj li ntawm 92% ntawm cov loj. NaOH. Tom qab ntawd cov NaOH melted thiab poured rau hauv hlau nruas qhov twg nws crystallizes. Lwm txoj hauv kev tau txais ntawm no

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, koj tuaj yeem tau txais caustic soda siv txoj kev xuas tes ua siv txiv qaub. Tab sis nws tsis suav nrog tias lawv tau txais, zoo li peb ua tam sim no, los ntawm cov txheej txheem membrane, hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav los ntawm electrolysis. Kuv txhais tau tias muaj kev vam meej heev uas tau plows tag nrho lub plab ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb … Koj puas paub tias kub cais thiab nag lossis daus li cas? Lawv noj hydrocyanic acid thiab tag nrho tib lub caustic soda, uas muab sodium cyanide, uas dissolves kub. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj no muaj ib tug complex (sodium cyanaurate). Cov tshuaj no tso cai rau yaj cov kub, thiab cov impurities tsis yaj. Tom ntej no, zinc muab tso rau hauv cov tshuaj no, thiab cov kub ntshiab yog tso rau ntawm nws qhov chaw.

Qhov ntawd yog hom chemistry …

Hauv cov ntawv no, kuv tau sim txuas cov kev xav: yuav ua li cas peb muab cov pob zeb uas peb hu ua pob zeb (granite, syenite) thiab megaliths (yog tias peb ntxiv lub tswv yim ntawm cov av hauv av leaching ntawm hlau thiab thickening ntawm cov khoom pov tseg). Nws yog qhov ua tau heev uas tsis tas yuav thicken nws. Cov silica gel nws tus kheej tau hloov mus ua cov muaju. Thiab cov khoom zoo li jelly tau dhau los ua granite. Los yog silicic acid ntsev kuj hloov mus ua cov muaju, tsim feldspar minerals. Kuv vam tias cov kev xav no yuav pab tau ib tug neeg ib hnub twg tsim cov khoom siv dag zog, uas yuav tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov peb saib hauv megaliths. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lus luv luv thiab kev xav los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm chemistry, tsom xam thiab kev sim ntawm tus kheej ntawm kuv cov phooj ywg, leej twg paub lub ntsiab lus no zoo heev: - Yog tias muaj feldspar hauv granite thiab av nplaum, ces qhov no tuaj yeem ua qee yam. txuas. Kuv twb ntseeg hais tias granites thiab syenites tsis yog igneous pob zeb. Qhov no yog crystallized av nkos los ntawm cov hnyuv. Granite yog av nkos nrog xuab zeb. - Qhov no tsis yog av, tab sis yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm engineering tshuaj-lub cev lub tswv yim! Thiab nws tsuas yog coincidence. - Yog li, qhov tseeb, pasty dumps los ntawm av leaching nrog acids. Kuv nco qab cov lus hais ntawm astrophysicists: granite yog lub cim ntawm lub ntiaj teb. - Kuv nyiam mus rau lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm granite. Nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, tawm ntawm tag nrho cov nplua nuj ntawm cov ntsiab lus, tsuas yog ib lub kaum os muaj nyob rau hauv granite. Thiab nrog ib tug enviable tsis tu ncua thiab ntim. Thiab tsis tas li ntawd, cov no yog qhov nyuaj heev los txuas cov khoom sib txuas.