Western European maps hauv Lavxias. Anton Vid. Antonio Jenkinson

1. Anthonius Wied candido lectori S.

   Moscovia etque Alba Russia non contenta Europee Sarmatia parte, sed et magnam Asiatice supergressa Scythicas oras ingreditur hellespontum versus, donec per ignotas gentes in mare Cronium nostris congelatum excurrerit. Unde se hittus in occidentem recipiens septentrionale latus Moscovie piav txog. Occiduum latus Scandie peninsule isthmus Biarmios Laponezque feros homines habena, deinde Liuonia Lithuaniaque terminant. A meridie atque ortu Tartari inminent ex Scythia ultra Imaum ante 330 annos in has oras transgressi, qui ad effigiem civitatis per hordas (ut ipsi vocant) divisi latissimos pervagantur campos, eo deflectentes qou loci congreditio pascendisque. Pro domibus carros habent centonibus corijsue contectos, quales Graeci A maxobios, Scythe Veios appelant atque hoc domicilij genus iam inde a gentis usque origine qhev. Quod item ex Scythis Comerum Gallum anno 190 ab aquarum inundatione ad Italos transtulisse autor est Berosus Babilonicus. Moscovia vero alicubi sub ipsos fere septentriones extensa nihil frugum gignit, frigidissima enim ea parte est, tum propter longissimas noctes, tum propter humiliorem tota astate solem. Meridiem versus mitior est. Moneta regioni argentea est ut Europeis omnibus Mancipia tum a vicinis mercatur, tum ipsa venum exponit. Qua parte Cronio mari accedit zebellinas armelinasque pelles nobilium ac matronarum delicias mittit. Qua vero Lithuanie iungitur uros, ursos, pregrandesque ac atros lupos animalia ferocissima passim in Hercynia sylua gignit. Totius autrem regionis metropolis Moscovia tum fluminum opotunitate, tum hominum frequentia atque arc munitissima omnium Moscovie urbium faelicissima est. Neglina fluvitus Moscbusque peninsulam ua tau zoo. Origo gentis (ut nomen ipsum arguit) Moscus Noe Iapeto filio filio nepos fuit. Nam Berosus Moscos in Asiam simul ac Europam colonias deduxisse testatur. Ac in Asia quidem ad orientalem pertem Euxini maris Moschos habitasse testis est Iosephus, Strabo, Mela et plerique alij, quare, cum ijs Locis vicina sit admodum nostra hec Moscovia, non est dissimile vero Moscos illinc in Europaneque seque se l'Asus. reliquos nyob rau hauv hanc nostra concessisse. Si alij Moscovitas esse contendant eos, quos Ptol. Modocas vocat, non repugno, sed viderint hi ne forte Modoce pro Mosoche scriptum sit txiv neej, Hebrei enim Moscum Mosoch vocant. Idololatre fuerunt Moscovite, nunc Christiani Graecorum dogmatibus ante 500 annos imbuti. Porro qui septentrionem accolunt adhuc nyob rau hauv veteri insania perdurant. Vale ex Wilda Lithuaniae anno 1555. Cal: Novemb.

Anton Vid txais tos cov neeg nyeem txhawb nqa

Muscovy, uas tseem hu ua Dawb Russia, tsis yog tsuas yog ib feem ntawm European Sarmatia, tab sis kuj yog ib feem ntawm Asia, thiab nkag mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Scythia mus rau Hellespont. Tom qab ntawd nws ncav cuag thaj av ntawm cov neeg tsis paub, xaus ntawm Crohn Hiav Txwv (sab qaum teb), uas peb hu ua Frozen. Tom qab ntawd lub ntug dej hiav txwv tig mus rau sab hnub poob thiab qhia txog sab qaum teb ntawm Muscovy. Sab hnub poob ntug kaw lub isthmus ntawm Scandinavian Peninsula, uas yog nyob hauv cov neeg qus ntawm Biarmians thiab Laponts, ua raws li Livonia thiab Lithuania. Los ntawm sab qab teb thiab sab hnub tuaj, Muscovy yog ciam teb los ntawm Tartars, uas tau tsiv mus rau cov kev txwv no txog 330 xyoo dhau los los ntawm Scythia, nyob dhau ntawm Imai. Lawv tau muab faib ua ib lub xeev rau hauv hordes (raws li lawv tus kheej hu lawv), tsiv hla cov tiaj tiaj loj, mus rau thaj chaw uas muaj av fertile los pub lawv tus kheej thiab tsiaj txhu. Hloov chaw, lawv muaj lub laub npog nrog daim tawv nqaij lossis daim ntaub, uas cov Greeks hu ua amaxobians, thiab cov Scythians hu ua Veii. Lawv tau khaws cov vaj tsev zoo li no thoob plaws tag nrho lawv cov neeg. Raws li cov lus tim khawv ntawm Beroz ntawm Babylon, ua tsaug rau Comer Gallus, nws tau pauv los ntawm Scythians mus rau cov neeg Italians hauv 190 tom qab dej nyab loj

Muscovy, uas nyob yuav luag nyob rau sab qaum teb, tsis tsim cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, rau qhov no nws yog txias heev, hmo ntuj ntev, thiab lub hnub yog tsawg nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov. Nyob rau sab qab teb, huab cua softens. Lub npib nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no yog nyob rau hauv nyiaj, raws li nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws Europe. Lawv yuav qhev los ntawm lawv cov neeg zej zog thiab muag lawv tus kheej. Ib feem ntawm nws, uas nyob ze ntawm Cronow Hiav Txwv, muab cov khoom siv sable thiab ermine furs - qhov zoo siab rau cov poj niam thiab cov nom tswv. Qhov chaw uas nyob ib sab Lithuania muaj cov nyuj qus, dais thiab cov hma loj heev - tsiaj qus heev - hauv hav zoov Hercynian. Lub peev ntawm Muscovy, Moscow yog lub nroog vam meej tshaj plaws, vim nws muaj qhov chaw zoo ntawm cov dej ntws, muaj neeg coob coob thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm lub fortress. Neglinnaya River thiab Moscow River tsim ib ceg av qab teb. Cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov neeg no yog Mauxes, Nau-es tus tub xeeb ntxwv los ntawm nws tus tub Japheth. Beroz ntawm Babylon hais tias cov cheeb tsam ntawm Muscovites ib txhij nyob rau hauv Asia thiab nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe. Joseph, Strabo, Mela thiab ntau lwm tus kuj sau txog qhov tseeb tias Muscovites nyob hauv Asia thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm Hiav Txwv Euxine. Tias yog vim li cas nws muaj feem ntau tias cov Muscovites tau tsiv los ntawm qhov ntawd mus rau Tebchaws Europe, thiab qee tus ntawm lawv tseem nyob hauv qhov chaw qub, thaum lwm tus tawm hauv peb cov kev taw qhia, vim tias peb Muscovy nyob ze rau cov chaw no. Ib txhia sib cav tias Ptolemy hu Muscovites Modoc. Kuv yuav tsis sib cav nrog cov lus no, tab sis kuv yuav nco ntsoov tias thaum rov sau cov npe ntawm cov neeg no, tsis yog "Mosokhs", lawv tuaj yeem sau "modocs". Tom qab tag nrho, cov neeg Yudais hu Mosca Mosokh.

Thaum cov Muscovites yog cov neeg pe mlom, tam sim no lawv yog cov ntseeg, tau kawm hauv Greek dogmas txog 500 xyoo dhau los. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov neeg nyob rau sab qaum teb tau ua rau muaj hnub nyoog npau taws ntawm kev pe mlom.

Nyob zoo! Nws tau sau nyob rau hauv Vilna, Lithuania, xyoo 1555 nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ib Hlis calendars.

Clarisso ac Ornatisso D. Ioan Coppenio Ciuitatis Gdanensis Senatori prudentisso Anthonius Wied Salutem thiab faelices a Deo Opt Max sucessus precatur. Necdum prorsus memorie exridit mee Clarissime ac Humaniss Dnem nostrum illud de varijs rebus colloquitum, quod e Prussia in Litvaniam profecti inter nos conferentes habuimus. Atque ob id pro mea virili addiscere conatus sum, ac exquisite pernoscere oins illius regionis situm, que magni ducus Moscovie ditioni subest, olim Sarmatie Evropee Asiatique ac Scythie nomine contenta, a veteribus solofere nomine cognita. Nos vero civitatum omnium, castrorum, marium, lacuum, fontiumque loca, numerum, situm, distantiasque, quanta potuimus diligentia adsignavimis. Ac insuper fluviorum flexus, cursus, ac fontes quoque, qui maxima ex parte e lacunosa paludosaque emanant planicie. Quibus nyob rau hauv rebus non mediocrem nobis prestitit operam generosus Ioannes Latzki unus olim ex principibus Moscovie, qui nunc post magni ducis Basilij e vivis decessum ob seditionem non leuem magnatum quorundam, ac relictum Polumpletjis tenere thiab lwm yam. ingenij dexteritate lees txais. Quum vero ante aliquot annos apud hunc multis precibus egerit D Sigismundus ab Herberstein orator id temporis Imperatoris Maximiliani ad magnum illum Moscovie ducem Basilium, ut Moscoviam ipsi describendam curaret, nunquam cessrentauit region. Ac deinde, ut in me omnem suum labourem transffunderet, nihil ad narrationis veritatem reliqui fecit. Quod autem tuo nomini Clarissime Dnem meum hunc dedicauerim laborem, partim me adegit animi in te mei gratitudinis affectus quod te videam non-known ac amicos modo verum et exteros et aduenas summa amplecti humanitate, maximoque prosequi. Partim me mouit quod te animaduerterim cum reliquarum bonarum artium tum Geographie studio admodum oblectari. Tue igitur humanitatis fuerit hunc meum conatum non aspernari, ac me inter clientulos tuos perpetuo numerare, quod si obtinuero, nihil est quod in prasetiarum aliud optem, quam ut faeliciter et quam optime valeas. Ex Wilda Lituanie 13 kal. Plaub Hlis Ntuj 1555.

Rau Tus Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Johann Köppen, Senator tshaj plaws ntawm lub nroog Gdansk, Anton Vid thov Vajtswv rau tus uas muaj hwjchim loj kawg nkaus kom noj qab haus huv thiab muaj hmoo

Nws tseem tsis tau raug ironed tag nrho, kuv tus nyob zoo, los ntawm kuv lub cim xeeb peb kev sib tham, mob siab rau ntau yam kev kawm, uas peb tau ua ntawm txoj kev los ntawm Prussia mus rau Lithuania. Thiab vim li no, kom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kuv lub peev xwm, kuv tau sim tshawb nrhiav thiab nrhiav kom pom tseeb qhov chaw ntawm tag nrho lub tebchaws uas raug rau tus huab tais ntawm Muscovy, ib zaug hu ua European thiab Esxias Sarmatia thiab Scythia, paub los ntawm ancients yuav luag. tsuas yog los ntawm lub npe. Peb tau ua tib zoo cim qhov chaw ntawm txhua lub nroog, tsev fuabtais, hiav txwv, pas dej thiab cov dej ntws, cov ntu thiab qhov deb ntawm lawv. Thiab, dhau li ntawd, khoov ntawm cov dej ntws, cov dej ntws thiab cov peev txheej, uas yog nyob rau feem ntau ntawm cov tiaj tiaj nrog cov pas dej thiab cov hav dej. Hauv qhov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb no tau muab rau peb los ntawm tus tswv zoo John Lyatsky, ib zaug ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Muscovy, uas, tom qab kev tuag ntawm Grand Duke Vasily, uas tau tso nws tus tub hluas, tau khiav tawm hauv lub tebchaws vim muaj kev tawm tsam loj los ntawm. qee cov nom tswv, rau tus huab tais uas tsis muaj zog ntawm Poland, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais zoo li maj mam thiab zoo nkauj raws li nws txoj kev txawj ntse thiab kev mob hlwb tsim nyog. Ob peb xyoos dhau los, Mr. Sigismund Herberstein, tus huab tais Maximillian tus Ambassador rau Grand Duke ntawm Moscow Vasily, rov hais kom nws saib xyuas sau nws cov lus piav qhia ntawm Muscovy. Lyatsky yeej tsis nco lub sijhawm los tshawb txog txhua yam ntsig txog kev paub ntawm lub tebchaws no. Thiab tom qab ntawd, tau ua txhua yam rau qhov kev nthuav qhia tseeb ntawm lub tebchaws no, nws tau hloov txhua txoj haujlwm rau kuv. Rau qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm txoj haujlwm no, tus tswv, kuv tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm kev xav ua tsaug rau koj, vim kuv pom tias tsis yog nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw zoo tib yam nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nyob rau lwm tus neeg qhov xwm txheej, koj tau ua siab zoo thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. kev siab zoo. Ib feem, kuv kuj tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov cuab yeej uas kuv pom hauv koj nrog kev zoo siab los kawm ob qho tib si kev tshawb fawb thiab geography.

Yog li ntawd, thov kom koj txoj kev hlub tshua tsis txhob tso tseg txoj haujlwm no ntawm kuv thiab niaj hnub suav kuv ntawm cov neeg tau cog lus rau koj, vim yog tias kuv tsim nyog tau txais qhov no, ces kuv yuav tsis xav tau lwm yam tam sim no, tsuas yog rau koj qhov kev zoo siab thiab kev noj qab haus huv zoo. Los ntawm Vilna 13 hnub ua ntej lub Plaub Hlis 1555.

Francisous Hogenb ex vero sculpsit 1570.

Engraved los ntawm Francis Hogenb nyob rau hauv 1570

Zlata Baba Hoc yog aurea vetula idolum quod huius partis incole adorant.

Golden Baba yog ib tug poj niam mlom ua los ntawm kub pe hawm los ntawm cov neeg hauv zos

Obi fluvius sesquidiei navigatione latus atque tam plenus piscibus ut navigantium remis premantur.

Ob tug dej yog dav heev rau navigation, muaj ntau ntses nyob ntawm no thiab sailors nteg rau oars

Nws yog longum capillitium gestant

Kalmyks hnav cov plaub hau ntev

Columnarum Alexandri nihil hodie extat neque ulla est apud Sarmatas memoria

Cov kab ntawm Alexander tsis muaj nyob rau niaj hnub no, lawv qhov chaw nyob tsuas yog nco qab los ntawm Sarmatians

Perekopska Tartari sunt Christianis admodum infesti

Lub Perekop Tartars yog heev hostile rau cov ntseeg

Assow Turca possidet

Azov belongs rau Turks

Sic interficiuntur koj

Yog li ntawd lawv tua lub rounds

Iuhri ex quibus Hungari hauv Hungaria ut idem quoque idioma ostendit.

Ugra thiab Ungars hauv Ungaria hais tib hom lus

Belij Iesera hoc est amplum mare Huc tempore belli Dux Moscovie transfert thesaurum fuum.

Thaum tus tub huabtais ua tsov rog, nws thauj tag nrho nws cov khoom muaj nqis mus rau lub tsev fuabtais nrog ib tug moat, uas hu ua White Lakes

Diffina coenobium Rutenicum

Desna Rus Monastery

Sic venantur ursos ligneis furncis

Qhov no yog li cas lawv yos hav zoov

Swinttinosz, hoc est Sacer nasus, nasus id est promontorium.

Pigtail - lub roob roob uas zoo li lub qhov ntswg thiab yog dawb huv

Mors belua marina dentibus suspensa gressum per altas rupes promouet in verticem usque, unde citius se demittit per subiectos campos grassatura.

Lub Hiav Txwv Dawb muaj ntau qhov dej ntws thiab ntxuav cov pob tsuas thiab pob zeb uas ntse zoo li cov hniav, uas nkaum hauv qab lawv cov tiaj tiaj uas cov tub sab nyob

Rossomaka tsiaj voracissimum

Wolverine yog ib tug tsiaj gluttonous

Soloffki caenobium Rutenicum

Solovki Lavxias teb sab monastery

Nova absolutaque Russia, Moscovia thiab Tartaria descriptio sau Antonio Jenkinsono Anglo, Clemente Adamo edita, thiab Nicolao Reinoldo Londinensi, ari insculpta anno salutis 1562

Tshiab txhim kho (daim ntawv qhia) ntawm Russia, Muscovy thiab Tartaria. Kev piav qhia los ntawm tus sau Antonio Jenkinsono Anglo. Tshaj tawm los ntawm Clement Adamo thiab Nicolao Reinaldo Londinensi. Engraved nyob rau hauv 1562

Iohannes Basilius Dei gratur, magnus Imperator totius Russia, magnus dux Vladimeria, Moscouia, Nouogardia, Imperator Astrachania, atque Liuonia, magnus Dux Plascouia, Smolenicia, Tueria, Iogoria, Permia, Viatia, Bolociardia, thiab., Bielia, Jaroslauia, Belozeria, Udoria, Obdoria, Condinia, thiab aliarum mustarum regionum Imperator atque totius Septentrionis dominus.

John (Ivan) Sovereign (Dosl. Basilius - Vasilyevich - los ntawm Greek "Vasilevs") los ntawm Vajtswv txoj kev tshav ntuj, tus huab tais loj ntawm Russia, Grand Prince ntawm Vladimir, Moscow, Novgorod, Emperor ntawm Astrakhan, thiab ntawm Livonia, Grand Duke Pleskovsky, Smolensk, Tuersky, Iogorsk (Yugorsk), Perm, Vyatk, Bolgorsk (Bulgar) raws li zoo raws li tus huab tais thiab Grand Duke ntawm lub Novgorod principality, Chernigov, Ryazan, Volotia, Erzevia, Belia, Yaroslaval, Belozeria, Udoria, Obdoria, Kondinia thiab lwm thaj chaw ntawm North Emperor

Lapones gens est quae speluncis sabterraneis non procul a mari fluminibusue, astate degit, piscandi nimirum gratia Hyeme uero in syluis nemoribusque feras uenando victitat, iaculandi admodum perita uestitus gentaria. Praecipuus victus ceruorum caro. Illorum feminae binos habent maritos quarum alter domi existens, alterum introiturum sentiens, statim uenatum, vel piscatum progreditur.

Cov neeg Laponts nyob ze ntawm hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv, mus nuv ntses thaum lub caij ntuj sov thiab tua tsiaj qus hauv hav zoov thaum lub caij ntuj no. Hnav cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj qus thiab furs. Cov nqaij mos lwj noj feem ntau. Lawv cov poj niam muaj ob tug txiv, txhua tus muaj nws lub tsev thiab koom nrog kev nuv ntses thiab yos hav zoov

Permiam et Condoriani, aliquando Ethnici fuerunt, ntawm nunc a Russorum Casare perdomiti, maxima ex parte Christianisnium amplexantur. Hyeme per niues, trahis itinera faciunt, quas vel canes vel cerui albi ut plurimum trahunt. Ceruina carne bona ex parte victiant, panis usum nesciunt Cateruatim incedunt uestitus illis ferarum cotia vel pelles.

Cov Permians thiab Condors yog cov pagans yav dhau los, tab sis lawv tau kov yeej los ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsar thiab tam sim no hloov mus rau kev ntseeg. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, lawv siv cov dev los yog mos lwj dawb mus rau lub sleigh thiab txav mus rau hauv txoj kev no. Lawv pauv tsiaj tej nqaij, tsis txhob noj mov, thiab hnav tej tsiaj qus thiab tej tawv nqaij

Zlata Baba id est (aurea vetula) sedet, puerum ad genua tenens qui nepos dicitur, statua haec, ab Obdorianis, et Iogorianis, kev cai dab qhuas colitur. Qui laudatissimas et maximi precij pelles Zebellinas Idolo huic offerunt, una cum reliquis ferarum pellibus. Ceruos etiam sacrificio mactant, quorum sanguine, os, oculos, ac reliqua simulachri membra ungunt. Intestina uero etiam cruda deuorant, sacrificij autem tempore, sacerdos Idolum consulit, quid ipsis faciendum, quove sit migrandum, ipsumque (dictu mirum) certa consulentibus dat responsa, certique euentus conseqvuntur

Golden Baba yog ib tug mlom cam hauv kub. Nws zaum thiab tuav hauv nws txhais ceg tus tub hu ua "tus tub xeeb ntxwv." Obdory thiab Ugra pe hawm thiab muab lawv cov tawv nqaij zoo tshaj plaws. Lawv kuj txi ib tug mos lwj rau nws, thiab smear lub qhov ncauj, qhov muag thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam nrog cov ntshav ntawm tus tsiaj, thaum noj cov nqaij nyoos entrails. Thaum lub sij hawm kev txi, tus pov thawj nug cov lus nug rau tus mlom, thiab ib qho txawv txawv - nws tau txais cov lus teb txhim khu kev qha, thiab qee yam xwm txheej yav tom ntej

Pictura haec nobis ob oculos ponit, habitum inalarum harum regionum, qui vulgo Samoides appellant, qui Idolastrae sunt, ac in cremo victitant.

Daim duab ua ntej koj ob lub qhov muag qhia txog cov neeg nyob hauv cov chaw no, uas hu ua Samoyeds, lawv yog cov neeg pe mlom thiab noj ntses

MolgomZaiani, baidai, Colmachij, Ethnici sunt, solem, vel rubrum pannum, de pertica suspensum adorent. Hauv castris uitam ducunt, ac omnium animantium, serpentum, vermiumque carne vescuntur, ac prio idiomate utuntur.

Cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws no - Molgomzayans, Baids thiab Kolmaki - pe hawm lub hnub nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov teeb meem liab raug tshem tawm ntawm tus ncej, siv lawv lub neej nyob rau hauv camps, noj cov nqaij ntawm tag nrho cov tsiaj, nrog rau cov nab thiab worms, thiab muaj lawv cov lus

Ib feem ntawm Livonia tsis ntev los no tau kov yeej los ntawm Emperor ntawm Russia

Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm Lithuania, uas yog raug rau Emperor ntawm Russia

Vachines, Ceremisines, Mordouetes gentes sunt propio idiomate utentes, furtis latrocusque intentae, carminibus, exorcismisque deditae Aduersus sagitarum iactus, telorumue aciem intrepidae cera ac melle hae gentes a bun eci

Vachins, Cheremis thiab Mordvins hais tib hom lus, tsis txhob zam kev nyiag khoom, siv cov ntawv sau thaum lub sijhawm exorcism. Lawv siv xub tawm tsam lawv cov yeeb ncuab, tsis ntshai ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Lawv tsim ciab thiab zib mu thiab muaj lawv tus kheej txoj cai

Kazan Tartar cheeb tsam, kov yeej los ntawm Lavxias teb sab Emperor nyob rau hauv 1551

Tummeni, Cassachi, Nagaij sunt Mahumetistae Tartari, hij cateruatim viunut, ac tot ducut uxores, quot lubet. Gens hippophagos, equarum galactopotae, Frugum usum uescit, nec perunia apud illos ullu usus est. Populus exorcism incantamentisque, supra modum deditus. Quibis caligines offundit, aliasque caeli intemperies pro arbitria ut hostem laedat concitat. Quae quidem uerbis, herbis, radicibus, lapidibusque ab illis miro artificio fiunt.

Cov Tyumen, Cossacks, Nagai yog Mohammedans, nyob hauv pab pawg, txhua tus coj raws li nws tus poj niam uas nws hlub. Lawv noj nees nqaij, haus cov mis nyuj, siv cov cereal noj thiab siv ntau yam tshuaj pleev. Lawv xyaum coj dab phem ntiab tawm ntawm ib tug neeg los ntawm tej yam yees siv rituals, lawv teev hawm Vajtswv heev. Lawv thaj av yog npog nrog cov pos huab, huab cua thiab huab cua kub sai sai ua rau lawv cov yeeb ncuab. Nyob rau hauv lem, lawv yog cov zoo heev thiab txawj heev siv tshuaj ntsuab thiab cov hauv paus hniav

Lub pob zeb no muaj cov tsos ntawm tib neeg, nyuj, yaj thiab tej yam, nrog rau hordes (raws li lawv hu nws) ntawm grazing yaj. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug miraculous metamorphosis, lawv tig mus rau hauv lub pob zeb, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsis hloov lawv thawj tsos. Qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb no tau tshwm sim txog 300 xyoo dhau los

Crimae sunt Mahumatistae quibus cum Moscoutis Assiduum bellum inter cedit.

Cov Crimeans tshaj tawm txoj kev ntseeg Mohammedan, cov Muscovites niaj hnub ua rog nrog lawv

Circassi, Petigorri, Christianismum profitentur qui propriam linguam habent. In castris uitam egunt, ac in propinquorum funeribus pomp ducutit, magnificeque exequias celebrant ac in moriam mortis amicorum auriculartem pariene aliquando amputant.

Chirkasy Pyatigorsk xav txog lawv tus kheej cov ntseeg thiab muaj lus tshwj xeeb. Muaj kev paub txog kev ua tub rog, thiab rau lub ntees tuag zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov txheeb ze, ntau lub ntees tuag sib sau ua ke, thiab qee zaum ib feem ntawm pob ntseg raug txiav tawm hauv kev nco txog cov neeg tuag

Astracan Tartarorum regnum fuit anno 1554 subactum, ac imperio Russiae adiectum.

Astrakhan Tartar cheeb tsam, tau annexed rau Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1554

Turcominorum imperium inter qumque fratres est partitum, quorum qui primas tenet Azim Chan nominatus est Reliquero, Sultani appellatur. Quins qui solum oppida url potius castra sub litione et imperio suo tenent. Horum Urgerue Principem lotum tenet. Incolae Mahumeticam sectam agnoscunt, uis vuntque iuxta Nagaiorum consuetudinem, ac cum Persarum Principe (vulgo Sophi nuncupato) continenter belligerantur.

Lub teb chaws Ottoman Turkman tau muab faib ua tsib tug kwv tij, tus hlob tshaj plaws thiab lub ntsiab yog hu ua Azim Khan, tus so yog hu ua sultans. Tsuas yog tsib lub nroog lossis mills tsuas yog nyob rau lawv

Qhov chaw ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Urger. Cov neeg nyob hauv tau lees paub Mohammedanism, ua raws li Nogai txoj cai thiab Persian Shah (uas hu ua Sophie) thiab ua tsov rog tas li

Urbs Corason a rege Persico adiuvantibus Tartaris anno 1558 expugnata fuit.

Lub nroog Korosan raug coj los ntawm Persian vajntxwv nrog kev pab ntawm Tartarus hauv xyoo 1558

Mangusla Shaysuram usque 20 dierum iter habent sine ullis sedibus, cum sunma aquae penuria. Ib Shaisura usque Boghar, par itineris interuassum, viaque latrocinijs inferta.

Shamarcandia olim ius Tartariae metropolis fuit, ntawm nunc ruinis desormis iacet, una cum mustis antiquitalis vestigijs. Hic conditus est Tamerlanes ille, qui olim Turcarum Imperatorem Baiazeitem captium aureis catenis vinctum circamtusit. Incolae mahumetani sunt.

Samarkand yog ib lub peev ntawm Tartary, tab sis tam sim no nyob rau hauv ruins nrog rau cov vaj tse qub. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Tamerlane, uas, ntes tus huab tais Turkish Bayazet, kom muab nws tso rau hauv cov yeeb yam, chained hauv kub chains. Cov neeg nyob hauv Mohammedans

Kirgissi gens est, quae cateruatim degit, id est in Hordis, assdueque cum mhogholis bella gerit, habetque ritum istiusmodi Ipsorum antistes aut Sacrificus, quo tempore rem diuinam peragit, sanguine, lacte, lacte, inclination, sanguine. hinc diu ad populum concionatus, in stultam plebeculam spergit. Populus uero hauv terram pronus, adorabundusque, aspersiunculam hanc pro deo colit firmeque credit, nihil esse perinde salutare ac terram, pecus, armentaque thiab cum quis inter cos diem obit, loco sepultura arboribis suspendit.

Cov Kirghiz yog cov neeg uas nyob hauv pab pawg (lossis Horde), tab tom ua tsov rog nrog cov Mughals thiab xyaum ua kev cai tshwj xeeb: lawv cov pov thawj, thaum muab lawv rau Vajtswv, coj ntshav, mis nyuj thiab nyuj excrement, sib tov tag nrho nrog lub ntiaj teb thiab ncuav rau hauv ib lub tais. Tus pov thawj thiaj nce ib tsob ntoo thiab hais lus qhuab qhia ntev heev thaum muab cov tshuaj sib xyaw rau saum cov neeg taub hau. Rau lawv, kev pe hawm mus rau hauv av txhais tau hais tias pe hawm Vajtswv. Tej zaum lawv yuav xav tias qhov no tseem ceeb tshaj qhov koob hmoov ntawm saum toj no rau txhua tus neeg lossis tsiaj. Cov neeg tuag tau dai ntawm tsob ntoo ntawm no es tsis txhob muab faus

Boghar urbs amplissima, aliquando Persis fuit subdita. Ciues Mahumeticam heresim amplexantur, Persique loquuntur. Frequentia hic sunt conmeracia, tum ex Cataya, India, Persia, alijsque orbis tractibus.

Bogar yog lub nroog loj uas tau koom nrog cov neeg Persians thaum ub. Nws cov inhabitants yog Mohammedan heretics. Kev Ncaj Ncees feem ntau muaj nyob ntawm no, qhov twg cov tub lag luam los ntawm Cathai, Is Nrias teb, Persia thiab lwm lub tebchaws tuaj

Rex hic aduersus Cassachios assidua bella mouet, qua gens nup prope exterminata fuerat.

Tus huab tais no ua tsov rog nrog cov pab pawg Cossack. Muaj ib zaug, nws yuav luag tau tsav lawv mus

Tub huabtais nyob rau hauv Indis plurima muaj certamina, qui ad austrum illi finitimi sunt.

Tus tub huabtais no tab tom ua tsov rog nrog cov neeg Khab, uas yog nws cov neeg nyob ze rau sab qab teb

Tus tub huabtais Kaskara yog Mohammedan, tawm tsam Kirghiz

30 hnub sab hnub tuaj ntawm Cascara, Cathay Empire pib. Tom qab ntawd tseem muaj 3 lub hlis ntawm kev mus rau Kambalu

Cum Serenissima Regina priuilegio

Poj huab tais Sirenissa's Domain

Medi, Persaque Mahumetani sunt, assidueque cum Turcis Tartarisque pugna confligunt. Idque maxime propter differentes caremonias, quodque superius labrum rasitare nolunt, ut Turca Tartarique factitant. Nyob rau hauv nws autem regionibus maxima serici daim ntawv est.

Cov Medes thiab Persians, cov Mohammedans, tab tom ua tsov rog nrog cov Turkish Tartars. Qhov no yog vim qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua koob tsheej ntawm Medes thiab Tartars, tawm tsam cov qub tawm tsam. Ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm txhob lo lo ntxhuav yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no