Hydrog ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv Kamchatka

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Tau ntev tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej zoo li no thaum muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim ua rau cov lus xaiv tsis sib xws. Xyoo 2020, peb phau ntawv txhais lus tau muab ntxiv tsis yog nrog cov lus "kev cais tus kheej" thiab "zoom", tab sis kuj yog "tide liab". Cov lus no yog peb qhov tseeb tshiab. Ua ntej, cia peb tham luv luv txog qhov teeb meem ib puag ncig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm tsis ntev los no.

Sergei Chalov, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Department of Land Hydrology, Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Geography, Moscow State University, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 11 thiab 12, ua ke nrog nws cov npoj yaig, ua ib qho kev soj ntsuam ntawm thaj chaw dej ntawm Avacha Bay, qhov twg muaj cov pa phem supposedly tshwm sim., uas surfers raug kev txom nyem.

Lub yim hli ntuj 2020

Avachinsky Bay yog ib feem ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific, nyob ib sab ntawm Avacha Bay (tsis txhob cuam tshuam lawv), qhov chaw Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky nyob. Nws thaj chaw sab qaum teb ntawm Avacha Bay mus rau Nalychevo River yog qhov chaw nyiam tshaj plaws hauv Kamchatka. Lub nto moo Khalaktyrsky puam, qhov chaw surfer puag.

Cov koog uas nyob sib ze yog wilder. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 2020, kuv thiab kuv cov menyuam tau taug kev thiab ua luam dej ntawm ib qho ntawm ntug hiav txwv dej ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv - nws sab qab teb tshaj plaws, ib lub bay ze ntawm Lake Prilivnoye, ze Cape Vertical: dej huv thiab txias, xuab zeb dub. Tsis muaj ib qho cim qhia ntawm qhov txaus ntshai uas txhua tus tau tham txog thaum lub Cuaj Hli.

Lub puam ntawm Avacha Bay ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific, nyob ib sab ntawm Khalaktyrsky puam los ntawm sab qab teb (ntawm Cape Vertical) thaum Lub Yim Hli 2020. Cov duab thaij thaum Lub Yim Hli 16, 2020 - peb lub lis piam ua ntej qhov kev tshwm sim - Sergey Chalov

Lub puam ntawm Avacha Bay ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific, nyob ib sab ntawm Khalaktyrsky puam los ntawm sab qab teb (ntawm Cape Vertical) thaum Lub Yim Hli 2020. Cov duab thaij thaum Lub Yim Hli 16, 2020 - peb lub lis piam ua ntej qhov kev tshwm sim - Sergey Chalov

Cuaj hlis 2020

Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis, lawv pib tham txog cov dej hiav txwv lom ntawm Khalaktyr puam. Ib lub lim tiam dhau los, cov versions tau raws li hauv qab no:

1. Qhov no vaj slick- roj uas tuaj rau hauv dej hiav txwv los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov chaw ntawm Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm Lavxias Federation, uas tau nthuav dav hauv Kamchatka thiab nyob ib sab ntawm lub hiav txwv cuam tshuam. Muaj peb yam khoom ntawm no: 90th aviation kev cob qhia hauv av, Radygino kev cob qhia hauv av, Wet Sand Training field. Cov qauv ntawm cov roj tso tawm lossis qee qhov tsis paub txog cov pa phem tau ua suab nrov, piv txwv li, ntawm no.

2. Qhov no tso tshuaj tua kab los ntawm Kozelsk polygon ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab. Qhov no version ntsia convincing tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas hauv Meduza.

Kuv yog hydrologist. Tus kws tshaj lij hauv cov dej ntws, dej ntws zoo, cov txheej txheem channel. Ib lub lis piam dhau los, kuv tsis tau hnov dab tsi txog cov dej ntws liab. Tab sis kuv paub tias txhua yam kev huam yuaj loj, kev tso dej pov tseg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv roj, tso tawm cov tshuaj tua kab, tawm hauv txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev tuag ecosystem: cov ntses tuag los yog ploj mus, cov kab mob hauv qab ntawm cov sediments, cov neeg tsim cov silts, thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv mus, qhov kev huam yuaj tsis poob saum ntuj. Raws li cov duab satellite, cov duab los ntawm drones, qhov chaw ntawm qhov xwm txheej yuav pom, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem "faus" nws.

Txhawm rau kom paub meej tias ib qho ntawm ob qhov kev xav saum toj no, nws txaus los mus xyuas lub xaib kom nkag siab: yog, muaj kuab paug. Thiab txhawm rau tsim kom muaj qhov ntsuas ntawm cov pa phem, xav tau kev tshuaj xyuas tshwj xeeb.

Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Cov lus xaus ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hais txog ntau yam xwm txheej kub ntxhov tshwm sim, ua rau nws maj mam, tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab ntau. Yog li ntawd, nws zoo li pom tseeb rau peb tias muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim. Ib lub lim tiam dhau los, qee cov txheej txheem lom neeg hauv dej hiav txwv zoo li tsis txaus ntseeg los piav qhia txog kev tuag loj ntawm cov tsiaj hauv hiav txwv.

Nws yog tseeb hais tias ib tug yuav tsum tuaj, pom, nrhiav thiab ua pov thawj.

Lub Kaum Hli 2020

Lub Kaum Hli 11-12, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Geography thiab Biology ntawm Moscow State University, IPEE RAS muaj npe tom qab A. N. Severtsova thiab VNIRO tau soj ntsuam txhua qhov dej ntws tawm sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub roob hluav taws Kozelsky, nruab nrab ntawm Radygino tub rog kev cob qhia hauv av thiab tus dej Nalychevo. Nws yog cov khoom nyob rau hauv thaj chaw no - 90th aviation kev cob qhia hauv av, Radygino kev cob qhia hauv av, Kev cob qhia ntub xuab zeb thiab tactical teb, nrog rau Kozelsk kev cob qhia cov tshuaj tua kab - uas peb suav tias yog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev cuam tshuam anthropogenic, los ntawm qhov uas nws yog. xav tias cov pa phem uas tsis paub txog yuav raug muab pov rau hauv dej hiav txwv.

Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw Avacha Bay mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm Avacha Bay

Peb cov drones 'sconnaissance photography npog txog kaum kilometers ntawm qhov qis ntawm tus dej Nalycheva, ib tug kwj deg. Rusty, dej Mutnushka, brook Kozelsky. Tsis muaj ib qho kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov channel network los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov chaw ua tub rog: tsis muaj qhov pom ntawm qhov kev txav ntawm cov khoom siv, cov av hauv qab yog huv si, tsis muaj cov txiv neej ua silts (uas yog, tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. formations ntawm nyias silt uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom paug), tsis muaj impurities thiab tsw, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov dej ntses salmon kib. Cov no yog cov dej ntws ntawm Kamchatka roob.

Cov ntawv no tau raug kho dua

Nyob rau hauv lub dhau los version ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, tus sau hais txog ntau tshaj kaum kilometers ntawm lub qis ntawm tus dej Nalycheva, ib tug kwj deg. Rusty, dej Mutnushka, brook Kozelsky”, soj ntsuam los ntawm nws thiab nws cov npoj yaig los ntawm drones. Tam sim no nws suav tias qhov kev kwv yees no yog overestimated. Cov ntawv nyeem tau raug kho kom pom qhov tseeb no.

Kozelskoe faus ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab kuj tseem nyob hauv lub xeev ruaj khov, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev nkag mus rau cov tshuaj tua kab rau thaj chaw uas nyob ib sab thiab cov dej hauv lub cev. Qhov zoo ntawm cov dej thiab sediments ntawm tag nrho cov kwj dej yog nyob rau hauv ib txwm txwv, nyob rau hauv lub Nalycheva River muaj juveniles ntawm salmonids, organoleptic zog yog ib txwm, keeb kwm ph nqi (los ntawm 7 mus rau 8.5), hluav taws xob conductivity (los ntawm 5 mus rau 80 μS / cm), oxygen (saturation tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov dej ntws txog 100 feem pua), turbidity ntawm cov dej nyob rau hauv cov dej ntws yog nyob rau hauv 5 mg / l.

Txhua tus tau kawm txog Nalychev River los ntawm qhov chaw duab ntawm lub Cuaj Hli. Ntawm lawv, zoo heev turbidity plumes raug suav hais tias yog ib qho cim ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm tib neeg. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm ntawm peb daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas, turbidity ntawm cov dej yog tsawg tshaj li qhov nruab nrab lub sij hawm ntev keeb kwm qhov tseem ceeb: 3-4 mg / l.

Tsawg turbidity qhov tseem ceeb yog feem ntau uncharacteristic rau cov kwj ntawm Avacha pab pawg neeg ntawm volcanoes; Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj nag lossis daus thaum pib lub Kaum Hli, uas tau txiav txim siab txo qis kev ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw. Lub turbidity plumes los ntawm tus dej Nalycheva, dav sib tham ua ntej, yog ib yam thiab yuav rov tshwm sim tsis tu ncua tom qab los nag thiab thaum lub sij hawm lub caij snowmelt.

Lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej Nalychev thaum Lub Kaum Hli 12, 2020. Tsis muaj ib qho ntawm anthropogenic emissions nyob rau hauv dej thiab hauv qab sediments

Kozelsk polygon ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab tau tshuaj xyuas - Kuv qhia txog nws keeb kwm hauv kab lus hais saum toj no. Nws nyob hauv ib qho chaw ruaj khov. Thiab txawm hais tias muaj kev tawg tsis muaj zog ntawm qhov chaw faus neeg, lawv tau raug cais tawm ntawm thaj chaw uas nyob ib sab thiab tsis muaj ib qho kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub faus av tau tshwm sim.

Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj laj thawj hais tias qee yam kev ua qias tuaj ntawm no. Cov tuam tsev hauv cheeb tsam ua haujlwm saib xyuas txhua hnub, tsis muaj teeb meem puas tau raug txheeb xyuas. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom muab qhov teeb meem rau qhov chaw pov tseg feem ntau tsuas yog vim qhov tseeb tias qhov chaw pov tseg no muaj nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw - ntxiv rau, ntawm qhov deb ntawm ob peb kilometers ntawm cov kwj deg ze tshaj plaws thiab ntau kaum kilometers ntawm dej hiav txwv - nws yog tsis yooj yim sua..

Cov pa phem tuaj yeem kov yeej qhov kev ncua deb tsuas yog raws tus dej network, thiab qhov chaw pov tseg tsis txuas nrog tus dej sib txuas hauv txhua txoj kev. Thiab cov dej ntws, raws li tau hais los saum no, yog huv si.

Kozelskiy polygon ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab, nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam hav zoov, uas tsis muaj kev sib txuas nrog cov channel network. Photo 12 Lub Kaum Hli 2020

Yog li, tsis muaj ib qho kev puas tsuaj loj heev ntawm cov pa phem ntawm cov keeb kwm technogenic mus rau hauv cov channel network ntawm cov tributaries ntawm Avacha Bay.

Tib yam "dav dej liab"

Txhawm rau muab qhov tseeb version ntawm qhov tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum hloov koj lub siab mus rau lub puam thiab ntsuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm nws. Yog li, kuv cov npoj yaig los ntawm IPEE RAS muaj npe tom qab A. N. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 11-12, 2020, Severtsova thiab VNIRO tau sau tseg tias muaj cua daj cua dub emissions nyob rau theem ntawm sab sauv lithorapi-supralittoral nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub bay nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab ntev txog 20 meters (50 centimeters dav), sawv cev los ntawm cov plhaub ntawm hiav txwv urchins., fragments ntawm hiav txwv hnub qub, plhaub ntawm gastropods, ib qho piv txwv ntawm chitons (plhaub molluscs) thiab crabs.

Raws li biologists, qhov kev tso tawm tau tshwm sim ntau tshaj li ob lub lis piam dhau los. Piv txwv li, nws yog los ntawm qhov chaw no uas cov duab resonant raug coj mus rau hauv Internet. Cov emissions tshiab yog dominated los ntawm algae, nrog rau lub hiav txwv urchin shells thiab ib tug crabs. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob mussels, balanus, hermit crabs tau pom, thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm amphipods pom nyob rau sab sauv littoral. Tsis muaj kev tuag ntawm seabirds, marine mammals los yog ntses nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntsiab lus kawm.

Kuv tab tom hais txog kuv cov npoj yaig dua: "Qhov tsis muaj kev tuag ntawm cov vertebrates loj tso cai rau peb hais tias cov co toxins hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov kab mob hauv dej tsis tseem ceeb."

Tab sis dab tsi txog lub larga (Far Eastern foob), uas tau xa mus rau Moscow rau kev xeem? Zoo, cov tsiaj tuag thiab lawv cov corpses raug pov rau ntawm ntug hiav txwv. Tsis muaj leej twg pom lub ntug dej hiav txwv strewn nrog corpses. Thiab ntawm cov hiav txwv urchins, uas tsis muaj zog, tsis tuaj yeem khiav tawm ntawm thaj chaw uas lawv hnov mob, thiab vim li ntawd lawv tau tuag thiab raug pov rau ntawm ntug dej, tej zaum yuav muaj cov tsiaj nyeg. Thiab feem ntau, emissions ntawm hiav txwv inhabitants ntawm ntug hiav txwv dej yog ib txwm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov huab cua stormy. Hauv Kamchatka, txhua leej txhua tus tuaj yeem qhia cov dab neeg thaum muaj kev tso tawm loj heev ntawm cov ntses salmon tau pom.

Thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov dej thiab cov xuab zeb cov qauv coj mus rau lub Kaum Hli 6, 2020 ntawm lub tidal sawb ntawm Khalaktyrsky puam, tau pom ib qho loj heev ntawm cov neeg tuag thiab tuag hlwb ntawm planktonic dinoflagellates ntawm ntau hom mus rau hauv av.

Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua tus kws tshawb fawb biologist feem ntau pom zoo rau ib yam: qhov laj thawj rau kev tuag ntawm cov kab mob hauv dej uas tau muab pov tseg yav dhau los yog tej zaum cov pa oxygen tshaib plab vim kev tuag uas tshwm sim tom qab kev loj hlob ntawm microalgae - los yog "tide liab". Algae loj hlob, ua pa rau hauv tag nrho cov pa, oxygen dhau los tsis txaus - cov neeg nyob hauv hiav txwv uas tsis tuaj yeem tawm hauv kev puas tsuaj - txawm tias siv oxygen ntau dua rau lawv cov decomposition.

Muaj qhov txo qis hauv cov pa oxygen ntawm qhov tob ntawm kwv yees li 5-15 meters vim yog kev loj hlob ntawm unicellular algae (dinoflagellates thiab cyanobacteria), nrog rau qhov muaj nyob hauv dej ntawm co toxins secreted los ntawm qee hom unicellular algae. Raws li Galina Konovalova phau ntawv "Red Tides" tawm sab hnub tuaj Kamchatka", uas yuav tau tham ntxiv hauv qab no, dinoflagellates yog cov neeg nyob hauv hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv.

Feem ntau ntawm cov hom kab mob no nyob hauv dej hiav txwv. Lawv feem ntau tshaj cov planktonic diatoms nyob rau hauv ntau hom, tab sis lawv feem ntau qis dua rau lawv nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem ceev. Txog 20 hom dinoflagellates uas muaj peev xwm tsim tau cov co toxins tau pom nyob rau hauv Far Eastern ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Russia rau lub sij hawm ntawm 1968 txog 1991.

Cov algae no tseem pom nyob hauv thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv, qhov chaw uas lawv xav tias sov thiab zoo. Dab tsi ua rau kev tuag ntau dua - kev tuag (xws li oxygen tshaib plab) lossis co toxins - Kuv tsis paub. Tab sis qhov tseeb tias lub ncauj lus no tau tsim los ntev ua ntej peb yog qhov tseeb: ntawm no yog tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

Algae Bloom raws ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Avacha Bay Lub Kaum Hli 12, 2020 - Sergey Chalov

Nws tseem yuav tsum nkag siab tias cov co toxins no yog dab tsi.

Yog li, kev tawg sai sai ntawm microalgae yog qhov laj thawj thiab tshawb fawb pom tseeb tias yog vim li cas rau kev tuag thiab kev tuag ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv hiav txwv hauv thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Kamchatka ze Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Yuav ua li cas txog qhov siab tshaj qhov tso cai nyob hauv cov dej ntws?

Kev ua lag luam nyiaj txiag tau ua nyob rau thaj chaw no. Kev tawm dag zog ntawm kev cob qhia ntau yam, cov neeg ncig tebchaws, cov nkoj nuv ntses thiab cov nkoj tawm ntawm cov kab. Cov kab no tau pom los ntawm ntau lub chaw soj nstuam, uas coj tus lej loj ntawm cov qauv thiab kaw qhov ntau dhau ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov pa phem technogenic - piv txwv li, cov khoom siv roj.

Kuv paub tseeb tias txawm tias ib qho kev tawm dag zog ntawm qhov chaw cob qhia nyob ze ntawm dej hiav txwv yuav tsum tawm cov cim pom uas tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv, plhaub, thiab lwm yam. Thiab cov kab no yuav tsum tau nyeem (thiab nyeem) hauv cov qauv.

Nyob rau hauv lub zoo nkauj Kozelsky kwj dej, ntws hla ib ncig ntawm lub hiav txwv, muaj log tsheb nyob ze ntawm txoj kev. Ironically, nyob rau hnub ntawm peb ua hauj lwm, Lub kaum hli ntuj 12, ib tug sau log tsheb tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv Kamchatka - 100 rubles tau muab rau ib lub log tsheb ntawm cov ntsiab lus sau. Cov tsheb thauj khoom nrog cov log tsheb ploughed Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky txhua hnub. Hnub tom qab, qhov kev txiav txim raug kaw - cov ntsiab lus sau tau dhau los ntawm cov log tsheb. Vim cov khib nyiab thiab pov tseg - tsev neeg, zaub mov, tub rog - lawv nyob ib puag ncig.

Thiab tag nrho cov log tsheb no zoo kawg nkaus "ci". Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib tug neeg cuam tshuam qhov xwm txheej, thiab qhov twg muaj cov tib neeg, qhov ntau dhau yuav tsum yog. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog kev huam yuaj, tsis yog tso tawm ntawm tons ntawm roj, tsis yog kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg.

Tsis tas li ntawd, thaj chaw uas nyob ib sab ntawm Avacha Bay yog thaj tsam ntawm cov volcanism niaj hnub. Ntawm no, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm erosion ntawm xoob pyroclastic deposits, leaching ntawm effusive pob zeb, dissolution ntawm nplua tshauv, thiab influx ntawm thermal daws rau hauv dej ntws, cov ntsiab lus lom nkag. Qhov no yog keeb kwm yav dhau los. Nyob rau hauv ntau yam, qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai concentration nyob rau hauv tus dej ntawm Kamchatka yog tshaj qhov twg ib tug neeg tsis tau txawm tshwm sim nyob ze.

Lub zej zog kev tshawb fawb tau sib tham dav txog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txiav txim siab MPC: yuav ua li cas nws yuav tsum cuam tshuam nrog cov keeb kwm yav dhau los (thiab yuav ua li cas thaum lub ntuj keeb kwm yav dhau los siab dua MPC?); thiab yuav ntseeg li cas yog MPC hauv Lavxias Federation, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Europe txawv kaum npaug. Yog li ntawd, thaum peb piv ib yam dab tsi nrog MPC, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog conventionality ntawm qhov kev sib piv no.

Vim li cas peb thiaj ntseeg tias tib neeg raug kev txom nyem los ntawm algae?

Dinophysis tau raug tshawb fawb pov thawj tias yog tshuaj lom. Muaj ntau ntau cov lus ntawm lub ncauj lus no. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov tshuaj lom ntawm okadaic acid methyl ester uas tsim los ntawm microalgae ntawm genus Dinophysis tau pom nyob rau hauv cov dej thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov mussels coj mus rau lub Kaum Hli 5, 2020 thiab tshuaj xyuas los ntawm TIBOC FEB RAS cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Kev phom sij hauv cheeb tsam no yog "dej tawg" nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov los ntawm Lub Rau Hli mus txog Lub Yim Hli, tshwm sim los ntawm ib tus neeg flagellate algae los ntawm dinoflagellates, ua rau cov paj hlwb muaj zog tshaj plaws - saxitoxin.

Yuav ua li cas mus cuag ib tug neeg? Cov no yog cov khoom noj khoom haus uas muaj cov tsos mob hnyav heev: noj crab - hlawv koj lub qhov ncauj. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky yog tag nrho ntawm cov dab neeg niaj hnub no.

Tib neeg tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum noj bivalve molluscs (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mussels), txij li thaum nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm pom kev noj ntawm plankton, mollusks sau tshuaj lom muaj nyob rau hauv microalgae nyob rau hauv lawv lub cev. Cov thawj accumulators ntawm neurotoxins nyob rau hauv dinoflagellates tsis yog tsuas yog mollusks, xws li mussels, oysters, scallops, tab sis kuj zooplankton, raws li zoo raws li herbivorous ntses, uas yog, pelagic tsiaj nyob rau hauv cov dej.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab mob no tuaj yeem sau cov tshuaj lom, thiab yog li ua rau muaj tshuaj lom, tsis tsuas yog thaum lub sijhawm paj ntawm dinoflagellates, tab sis kuj thaum pom cov dej liab liab tsis pom, tab sis cov tshuaj lom algae yog nyob rau hauv qhov muaj siab txaus. Thiab qhov teeb meem nws tus kheej yog ib txwm - peb nyeem cov ntawv tshawb fawb, thiab peb pom ntau cov kev tshawb fawb txog cov tshuaj lom ntawm dinoflagellates: lawv nkag mus rau hauv cov saw hlau trophic thiab txav mus rau tib neeg.

Txoj kev nkag ntawm cov tshuaj toxicants los ntawm algae ntawm genus Dinophysis raws trophic chains

Elisa Berdalet et al. / Phau ntawv Journal ntawm Marine Biological Association ntawm United Kingdom, 2015

Cov algae no ua tau zoo hauv dej sov. Lawv paub zoo thiab ntshai raws tag nrho cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Southeast Asia. Raws li dej hiav txwv sov, lawv qhov tshwm sim maj mam hloov mus rau sab qaum teb. Xyoo 2015, tag nrho cov ntug dej hiav txwv sab hnub poob ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, txhua txoj kev mus rau Alaska, pom cov ntaub ntawv tsim tawm ntawm diatoms, tshuaj lom microalgae.

Qhov kev xav no tau lees paub los ntawm qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm lub xyoo no. Daim ntawv qhia qhov kub thiab txias tau sau los ntawm KamchatNIRO tus neeg ua haujlwm Vladimir Kolomeitsev zoo kawg nkaus qhia txog qhov xwm txheej uas nyob hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific pom nws tus kheej nyob ze Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky thaum lub Cuaj Hli.

Qhov nruab nrab dej kub yog ob peb degrees saum toj no ib txwm - tej yam kev mob zoo heev rau kev sib kis ntawm algae. Tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm nthwv dej muaj zog thiab cua daj cua dub, ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw thiab kev ua kom dej ntws tawm, tau sau tseg.

Daim ntawv qhia dej kub tsis sib haum rau lub Cuaj Hlis 2020. Tag nrho cov ntug dej hiav txwv sab hnub tuaj ntawm Kamchatka yog thaj tsam liab. Cov dej kub ntawm no yog ob peb degrees siab tshaj qhov kev cai - Sau los ntawm Vladimir Kolomeitsev

Ntawm no, qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm cov microalgae nyob rau hauv dej plua plav, uas kis tau thaum muaj cua daj cua dub raws ntug dej hiav txwv nyob rau saum npoo huab cua txheej, tshwm sim. Thiab los ntawm no, cov algae nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag thiab ua rau cov tsos mob uas surfers tau yws txog.

Los ntawm txoj kev, cov xwm txheej zoo li no twb tau sau npe hauv Kamchatka. Phau ntawv uas twb tau hais tseg lawm "Red Tides off Eastern Kamchatka" tau luam tawm rov qab rau xyoo 1995. Lub atlas muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov xwm txheej ntawm cov dej tawg hauv hiav txwv tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Eastern Kamchatka, tseem hu ua liab tides.

Cov duab kos thiab piav qhia ntawm cov kab mob microscopic uas ua rau liab liab thiab / lossis muaj tshuaj lom raug muab. Cov laj thawj thiab qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim, uas ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau tib neeg lub neej, cov tsiaj hauv hiav txwv thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ecosystem feem ntau suav hais tias yog.

Peb nyeem cov lus piav qhia ntawm nplooj ntawv thib peb: “Hauv thaj av Kamchatka, 'tides liab' tsis tau pom tias muaj kev phom sij ntev. Tsis yog vim lawv tsis nyob ntawd, lossis vim lawv tsis muaj tshuaj lom. "Liab tides" tau tshwm sim tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Kamchatka, lawv tau pom, tab sis vim yog qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov xwm txheej no thiab cov neeg tsawg tsawg ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, kev sib cuag nrog lawv tsis tau nquag.

Thiab qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo ntawm cov neeg sib cuag, txawm tias cov neeg tuag taus, tsis tau txais kev saib xyuas tas li vim qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj av tsim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, ntau dua thiab, sib piv rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm "tides liab", kev tuag ruaj khov los ntawm kev raug xwm txheej."

Nws tau sau xyoo 1995!

Txoj kev xav ntawm cov dej ntws liab, ob qho tib si rau ntau tus kws tshawb fawb thiab tib neeg, zoo li cov ntawv tseeb uas tsom mus zais qhov teeb meem. Cov thawj coj ua haujlwm, muaj kev tshawb nrhiav cov neeg txhaum. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tib phau ntawv Konovalova muab ib tug ntau ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub liab tides - pib nrog cov xwm txheej ntawm 1945, thaum cov neeg coob ntawm lub nkoj nuv ntses "Aleut", tau tsaws rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm Kamchatka (Olyutorsky koog tsev kawm ntawv)., noj tshais nrog mussels ci hla hluav taws. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, 6 tus neeg raug tshuaj lom, ob tus neeg tuag los ntawm kev kaw ua pa.

Dab tsi yuav tshwm sim tom ntej?

Tam sim no lub hiav txwv pem teb yog tag nrho ntawm cov hnub qub tuag thiab shellfish. Cov uas ua luam dej tsis tau tuag lawm. Yuav muaj cua daj cua dub - lawv yuav raug ntxuav los ntawm ntug dej dua, thiab nws yuav muaj peev xwm thaij duab txaus ntshai heev.

Yuav ua li cas rau yav tom ntej? Dej hiav txwv yuav sov, thiab xws li algal stuffing yuav yog tus qauv. Qhov no yuav tsum to taub. Qhov no yuav tsum tau saib xyuas. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav ua tau kom tsis txhob kaw lub puam, tab sis los qhia txog hom kev ceeb toom ib ntus thaum muaj kev rov ua dua ntawm cov xwm txheej zoo li no.

Peb tab tom ntsib nrog daim ntawv tshiab ntawm kev tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv huab cua thoob ntiaj teb. Ib qho laj thawj zoo los xav txog xwm txheej, txog lub ntiaj teb, hais txog peb lub zog rau lub ntiaj teb uas peb yuav nyob. Qhov teeb meem algae yog dav dav dua li kev tuag ntawm cov ntses hnub qub thiab gastropods.

Vim hais tias, thawj zaug, kev hloov pauv huab cua, ua rau muaj kev tuaj txog ntawm dinoflagellates hauv Kamchatka, muaj qhov ua rau muaj zog anthropogenic - tsev cog khoom emissions, nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv.

Qhov thib ob, vim tias koj tuaj yeem txhawj xeeb txog cov tsiaj ploj ntau npaum li koj xav tau, tab sis rau 10 lub hiav txwv urchins tuag ntawm ntug hiav txwv dej ntawm Kamchatka, yuav muaj ib lub raj mis pov tseg, tsis hais txog cov khib nyiab me me. Tag nrho cov no yuav tam sim no rau ntau pua xyoo yog ib feem ntawm lub hiav txwv no uas peb tab tom ntsib. Peb tsis tuaj yeem hloov qhov kub ntawm dej hiav txwv, peb tsis tuaj yeem tig qhov nkhaus ntawm kev hloov pauv huab cua, tab sis tib neeg tuaj yeem ua kom dej hiav txwv ntug dej hiav txwv huv si.

Kab lus siv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov neeg koom hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Avacha Bay ntawm Kamchatka thiab thaj chaw uas nyob ib sab thaum Lub Kaum Hli 11-12:

Polina Dgebuadze, tus neeg sib tw ntawm Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Ecology thiab Evolution. A. N. Severtsov RAS

Elena Mekhova tus neeg sib tw ntawm Biological Sciences, kws tshawb fawb ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Ecology thiab Evolution. A. N. Severtsov RAS

Alexey Orlov, tus kws kho mob ntawm Biological Sciences, Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm All-Lavxias Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Nkoj Nkoj thiab Dej Hiav Txwv, Tus Thawj Coj Tshwj Xeeb ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Ecology thiab Evolution muaj npe tom qab. A. N. Severtsov RAS

Alexander Semyonov, Leading Engineer, Head of the Scientific Diving Group of the Belomorsk Biological Station, Moscow State University muaj npe tom qab M. V. Lomonosov

Sergey Chalov, Ph. D., Associate Professor ntawm Department of Land Hydrology, Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Geography, Moscow State University muaj npe tom qab M. V. Lomonosov

Olga Shpak, tus neeg sib tw ntawm Biological Sciences, kws tshawb fawb ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Ecology thiab Evolution. A. N. Severtsov RAS