Kev ntshai yog dab tsi thiab koj tuaj yeem kawm tau li cas?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Tsis zoo li muaj ib tug nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb no uas tsis ntshai dab tsi hlo li. Ntshai yog embedded nyob rau hauv peb DNA. Yog tsis muaj nws, txiv neej, ib yam li tag nrho lwm yam tsiaj, yuav tsis tau los ua peb yog leej twg.

Cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tau txais kev ntshai. Cov kws tshawb fawb suav nrog kev ntshai ntawm kev poob (qhov siab), nab thiab kab laug sab rau innate ntshai.

Raws li Canadian physiologist thiab neuropsychologist Donald Gibb nrhiav tau rov qab rau hauv lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, cov me nyuam yaus thiab cov me nyuam chimpanzee sib npaug ntshai ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj. Thiab thaum cov qaib tshiab tshiab pom ib lub kite saum ntuj los yog hnov nws lub suab quaj, lawv muaj kev ntshai tam sim ntawd. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau tus tsiaj tuaj yeem ntshai los ntawm qhov tsis hnov tsw ntawm tus yeeb ncuab (qhov tseeb, qhov no yog vim li cas koj cov miv nyiam kos cov ces kaum ntau heev - nws xav kom cov nas nyob hauv kev ntshai ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob).

Ntau tus neeg muaj sia nyob tau yug los ua ke nrog tag nrho lub hnab ntim ntawm kev ntshai thiab kev ntshai - nws tsuas yog tshwm sim. Raws li qhov tau txais kev ntshai, cov no suav nrog kev ntshai ntawm qhov tsis paub stimuli - flashes ntawm lub teeb, suab thiab tactile touches. Tab sis puas muaj ib yam dab tsi uas tuaj yeem ntshai txhua tus neeg hauv ntiaj teb? Ib yam dab tsi txaus ntshai los ntawm nws lub xub ntiag?

Kev ntshai tuaj qhov twg?

Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau niaj hnub no, tseem tsis tau muaj kev pom zoo hauv zej zog kev tshawb fawb txog kev ntshai dab tsi. Raws li Ralph Adolphs, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm California Institute of Technology, sau hauv nws txoj haujlwm, cov kws tshawb fawb xav tau "kev sib piv dav dav uas yuav txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntshai thiab qhov ntawd tseem yuav cuam tshuam cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev xav txog kev ntshai ntawm ecological." Adolphs kuj tso rau pem hauv ntej, theej pragmatic txhais ntawm kev ntshai:

Ntshai yog ib qho kev xav uas koom nrog pawg stimuli nrog cov qauv ntawm tus cwj pwm. Tsis zoo li reflexes, qhov kev sib txuas no hloov tau yooj yim dua, thiab lub xeev ntawm kev ntshai tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua ntej thiab tom qab cov stimuli uas ua rau nws.

Hauv ib lub sijhawm ntawm Mindfield, tus kws sau xov xwm tshawb fawb thiab tus tswv tsev Michael Stevens sau tseg tias kom nkag siab tias kev ntshai yog dab tsi, koj yuav tsum xub nkag siab tias peb kawm paub ntshai li cas. Nws paub tias ntau tus neeg tau tshem ntawm lawv txoj kev ntshai los ntawm kev hu ua "kev kho mob kis", tab sis Michael txiav txim siab seb nws puas tuaj yeem kawm paub ntshai yam tshiab. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws tau mus rau chav kuaj ntawm California Institute of Technology (Caltech), qhov chaw uas nws tau koom nrog hauv ib qho kev sim nthuav.

Dr. Thomas Sbozhenok, tus kws tshawb fawb Caltech, tau pab Michael txhim kho qhov kev ntshai reflex siv hluav taws xob shocks, tib neeg lub suab qw, thiab saib cov duab ntawm lub vijtsam.

Bioelectric sensors tso rau ntawm Michael lub cev taug qab cov kev xav ntawm lub cev hauv lub cev, xws li tawm hws, ib qho kev qhia tsis ncaj ntawm kev ntshai uas tawm tsam kev tswj tsis nco qab. Thaum lub sij hawm sim, ob daim duab geometric hloov ib leeg tau pom ntawm qhov screen - lub voj voog ntsuab thiab lilac square. Nws yuav zoo li, yuav ua li cas koj yuav ntshai ntawm tsis muaj teeb meem, paub daws teeb duab geometric? Txawm li cas los xij, sai li sai tau thaum ib daim duab tau hloov los ntawm lwm tus thiab lub lilac square tshwm rau ntawm qhov screen, Michael tau txais hluav taws xob poob siab thiab hnov cov neeg qw ntawm nws lub mloog pob ntseg.

Ib qhov tseeb tshwm sim tshwm sim - kuv qhov kev xav tau cuam tshuam thaum lub teeb liab liab tshwm rau ntawm qhov screen. Qhov tseeb, kuv tab tom tsim kev ntshai ntawm nws. Sai li kuv lub hlwb txuas nrog lub lilac square nrog cov hluav taws xob poob siab, cov lus teb physiological rau square nce thiab tsis txo qis. Yog li ntawd, qhov zoo nkaus li ntawm ib daim duab yooj yim ua rau kuv ntshai heev ua rau kuv tawm hws. Tib neeg lub hlwb tuaj yeem qhia kom ntshai yuav luag txhua yam.

Michael Stevens, tus tswv tsev ntawm The Field of Mind.

Ib lo lus xav paub heev, koj yuav tsum pom zoo. Tab sis dab tsi tshwm sim rau lub hlwb thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev ntshai reflex? Yuav kom nkag siab zoo dua qhov no ua haujlwm li cas, xav txog cov duab paj hlwb ntawm qhov tshwm sim: peb paub tias ntau lab xyoo ntawm kev hloov pauv, peb lub hlwb tau tsim kev sib txuas tiv thaiv.

Dab tsi ntxiv, amygdala, lub cim xeeb tseem ceeb hauv lub hippocampus, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv peb lub peev xwm kom muaj kev ntshai. Nws lub luag haujlwm zoo li yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab seb yuav tsum nco qab dab tsi, yuav tsum kawm dab tsi, thiab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ciaj sia. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg thaum ub, uas zam kev phom sij thiab ua neej nyob ntev txaus los tsim cov xeeb ntxwv, tau los ua peb cov poj koob yawm txwv.

Txhua tus ntshai dab tsi?

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm tias yog tias koj tau tsim kev ntshai ntawm ob qhov stimuli (xws li kev ntshai ntawm lub teeb liab), ces yog tias koj pom lawv ua ke, tsis yog cais, koj qhov kev ntshai yuav nce ntxiv. Qhov twg, qhov tseeb, yog siv los ntawm cov neeg tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab txaus ntshai, siv cov txheej txheem hu ua "kev sib koom ua ke".

Nws muab ntau yam kev ntshai los tsim cov neeg phem tshaj plaws puas tau. Piv txwv li, tus cwj pwm zoo li Freddy Krugger muaj ntau yam uas qhia txog kev tuag thiab kev ntshai - kub hnyiab, tev tawv nqaij, thiab nws tuaj yeem ua ib tug dab thiab tsis yog txhais tes nws muaj qee yam zoo li cov hniav. Nws muab ntau lub koom haum txaus ntshai heev ntawm cov neeg feem coob.

Raws li rau cov yeeb yaj kiab cult "Alien", ces yog tias koj ua tib zoo xav txog cov tsiaj uas ua rau lub ntsej muag, nws hloov tawm los ua ib qho tseem ceeb zoo ib yam li kab laug sab thiab nab. Thiab, raws li koj paub, txhua tus neeg ntshai ntawm cov tsiaj no. Kev sib koom ua ke, raws li Stephen Asma, tus sau ntawm On Monsters: Unnatural Story of Our Fears, txhawb peb kev ntshai.

Txhua yam, los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau lub koom haum txaus ntshai los ntawm cov neeg feem coob, koj tuaj yeem xaus nrog qee yam tshwj xeeb thiab tsis muaj teeb meem. Ib yam uas yuav ua rau peb txhua tus ntshai.