Peb paub dab tsi txog "Berserkers"

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Lawv ntshai txhua tus uas tsis muaj hmoo txaus los ntsib lawv thaum sib ntaus sib tua: lawv qw, maj nrawm ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam yam tsis muaj kev xa xov thiab qee zaum tsis muaj riam phom txhua, hnia lawv daim thaiv kev npau taws, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, lawv tsis hnov mob thiab feem ntau yeej yeej. hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Berserker warriors, zoo li yog tig mus rau hauv qee yam tsiaj qus, muab lub neej rau ntau cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg, thiab lawv tus kheej tau pom los ntawm lub prism ntawm centuries dhau los ua ib nrab mythical cim.

Furious, ntshai thiab kawm tsis zoo heev

Qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ntshai ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv ntau haiv neeg yog txawv - samurai, piv txwv li, muab tag nrho cov kev hwm ntawm kev tuag nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau tus tswv, thiab yog li ntawd tsis txhob zam kev tuag thiab tsis fetter lawv tus kheej nrog ceev faj heev. Tab sis nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, ib zaug raged, nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus, berserkers - tsis yog samurai kiag li, tab sis kuj yog ib tug nthuav qeb ntawm warriors mus kawm. Tab sis los kawm lawv tsis yog ib txoj hauj lwm yooj yim, txij li mus txog rau tam sim no qhov tshwm sim no tau mus txog ntau dua hauv cov lus dab neeg ntau dua li tau piav qhia hauv cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm thiab tau lees paub los ntawm qhov tseeb.

Cov pab pawg neeg ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Slavs paub txog berserkers ua ntej, thiab feem ntau yuav sim zam kom tsis txhob ntsib lawv ntawm txhua tus nqi. Tab sis yuav ua li cas thiaj zam tau? Lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo pua 8th mus rau lub xyoo pua 11th yog lub sijhawm ntawm txoj cai ntawm Vikings, "cov tub sab hauv hiav txwv" uas txwv lawv tus kheej mus rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv cov zos thiab cov nroog, tom qab ntawd kov yeej thaj av ntawm sab qaum teb Europe thiab tsis yog xwb. Nws yog nrog cov Vikings uas keeb kwm ntawm berserker warriors, cov cim tsis meej ntawm Scandinavian keeb kwm, yog txuam.

Vim li cas tsis paub? Nws tsuas yog hais tias yog tias berserkers muaj, xws li tam sim no tau nthuav tawm rau cov neeg sau keeb kwm, nws yog ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Scandinavia thiab Northern Europe feem ntau, uas yog, ua ntej kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob ntawd. Txij li thaum xyoo pua 12th, lawv tau pib sau cov dab neeg - cov ntawv sau raws li cov lus piav qhia ntawm qhov ncauj, tab sis cov peev txheej no tsis tuaj yeem suav tias muaj kev ntseeg siab txaus, vim tias sagas los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau hais rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo. Nyob rau hauv Byzantine qhov chaw, cov lus piav qhia ntawm xws li ntshai "savages" yog pom; Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis yog hu ua berserkers.

Dab tsi yog cov berserkers, vim li cas thiab vim li cas lawv thiaj li mus berserk

Thawj daim ntawv uas lo lus "berserk" tshwm yog Thorbjörn Hornklovy zaj dabneeg ntawm Tsov rog ntawm Havrsfjord hauv 872. Txhais los ntawm Old Norse, "berserk" txhais tau hais tias "daws tawv nqaij" lossis "lub tsho liab qab". Ob qho kev txhais tau raug tso cai, vim tias berserkers, raws li lub epic, yeej tawm tsam yam tsis muaj saw hlau thiab tsis siv riam phom tiv thaiv, thiab nyiam cov tawv nqaij ntawm dais li khaub ncaws.

Lawv tau tawm tsam nrog kev npau taws tshwj xeeb, npau taws, nkag mus rau hauv lub xeev ntawm kev npau taws uas tsis tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb. Thaum sib ntaus sib tua, cov berserkers tsis hnov qhov txhab; raws li cov lus dab neeg, tsis muaj hlau los yog hluav taws yuav tua lawv. Lawv zoo li tig mus rau hauv dais lawv tus kheej - keeb kwm ntawm werewolf legends yog li qee zaum cuam tshuam nrog cov tub rog no. Berserkers feem ntau pib kev sib ntaus sib tua - yog li nws muaj peev xwm ua kom paub qhov tsis paub tseeb lossis txawm tias ntshai rau hauv cov yeeb ncuab.

Pom tau tias, cov tub rog uas txaus ntshai no feem ntau mus rau kev pabcuam ntawm cov thawj coj, ua haujlwm ntawm ob tus neeg saib xyuas tus kheej thiab cov thawj coj ntawm cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau tus tswv. Lawv tau mus rau Viking nkoj, dhau los ua ib qho kev pabcuam zoo hauv kev kov yeej cov khoom tshiab.

Berserkers tsis txiav lawv cov plaub hau lossis chais plaub hau - txog thaum lawv yeej thawj zaug, ces lawv tau tshem cov plaub hau ntawm lawv lub taub hau.

Kev lig kev cai, kev sib ntaus sib tua axes los yog ntaj yog suav hais tias yog riam phom berserker, tab sis, raws li cov lus dab neeg, lawv tuaj yeem raug pov rov qab thiab tawm tsam nrog cov tes liab qab - tom qab tag nrho, cov tsiaj nyaum tsis siv tib neeg riam phom, tsuas yog tej zaum ib lub club lossis pob zeb tsa los ntawm. hauv av. Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov berserkers poob rau hauv ntev, mus txog ob peb hnub, tsaug zog.

Yuav ua li cas qhov ploj ntawm berserkers tau piav qhia

Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv hais txog berserkers tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov tseeb tiag, lawv cov ntaub ntawv siv ntau yam hauv kev ua haujlwm thaum ub ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau qee lub tswv yim ntawm cov "sib ntaus sib tua madmen" thiab ua kev xav txog cov laj thawj ntawm kev coj cwj pwm thaum sib ntaus sib tua. Raws li ib tug ntawm cov versions, berserkers siv tinctures ntawm hallucinogenic nceb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, ya agaric, raws li shamans ntawm qee cov neeg sab qaum teb ua.

Lwm qhov kev piav qhia rau lub xeev ntawm frenzy yog mob hlwb, tejzaum nws tau txais los ntawm cov niam txiv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev sib kis ntawm qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no rau cov xeeb ntxwv.

Lwm qhov laj thawj rau kev ua siab loj tshwj xeeb thiab tsis txaus ntseeg rau qhov txhab yog lub xeev ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua trance, uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tshwj xeeb.

Nrog rau qhov kawg ntawm Viking Age nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 11th, berserkers tsis tau suav hais tias yog heroes li lawv tau ua thaum lub sij hawm conquests. Lawv tsis nyiam ua haujlwm thiab ua tsis tau tiag tiag, thiab nws nyuaj rau nrhiav kev siv lawv txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Legends hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lawv "kev qaug dab peg" berserkers pov cov pob zeb loj loj thiab cov ntoo tawm.

Lub tsev teev ntuj tsis nyiam berserkers, thiab nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg tshiab lawv twb tau nthuav tawm ua tub sab thiab neeg phem. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua thib ob, cov tub rog no tau raug cai, thiab tom qab ob peb xyoo lawm, cov berserkers twb yog ib feem ntawm yav dhau los.