Qos yaj ywm ua ntej Peter kuv - ib tug delicacy rau lub aristocracy

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Niaj hnub no, qos yaj ywm yuav luag yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab rooj, tab sis tsis ntev dhau los, tsuas yog ib co 300 xyoo dhau los, lawv tsis tau noj nyob rau hauv Russia. Yuav ua li cas cov Slavs nyob tsis muaj qos yaj ywm?

Qos yaj ywm tshwm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab cuisine tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th ua tsaug rau Peter lub Great. Tab sis cov qos yaj ywm pib kis ntawm tag nrho cov strata ntawm cov pejxeem tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub reign ntawm Catherine.

Thiab tam sim no nws twb nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam uas peb cov poj koob yawm txwv noj, yog tsis kib qos yaj ywm los yog mashed qos yaj ywm. Yuav ua li cas lawv txawm nyob tsis muaj cov hauv paus zaub?

Lenten rooj

Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab cuisine yog kev faib ua ntshiv thiab me me. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Orthodox daim ntawv qhia hnub, txog 200 hnub ib xyoo poob rau hnub Lenten. Qhov no txhais tau tias: tsis muaj nqaij, tsis muaj mis nyuj lossis qe. Tsuas yog zaub zaub, thiab qee hnub - ntses.

Pom neeg pluag thiab pluag? Tsis yog kiag li. Lub rooj Lenten tau txawv los ntawm nws txoj kev nplua nuj thiab kev nplua nuj, ntau yam tais diav. Lenten rooj ntawm cov neeg pluag thiab cov neeg nplua nuj nyob rau hnub ntawd tsis txawv ntau: tib lub zaub qhwv, porridge, zaub, nceb.

Qhov txawv tsuas yog qhov nyuaj rau cov neeg nyob hauv uas tsis nyob ze ntawm lub reservoir kom tau cov ntses tshiab ntawm lub rooj. Yog li ntawd lub rooj ntses nyob rau hauv lub zos tsis tshua muaj, tab sis cov neeg uas muaj nyiaj yuav hu nws lawv tus kheej.

Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab cuisine

Kwv yees li cov khoom sib txawv no muaj nyob hauv cov zos, tab sis nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov nqaij tau noj tsis tshua muaj, feem ntau nws tshwm sim thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg lossis lub caij ntuj no cov nqaij noj, ua ntej Shrovetide.

► Zaub: turnips, cabbage, dib, radish, beets, carrots, rutabagas, taub dag, ► Porridge: oatmeal, buckwheat, pearl barley, nplej, millet, hom qoob mog, qe.

► Cij: feem ntau rye, tab sis kuj muaj nplej, kim dua thiab tsawg.

► Mushrooms

► Cov khoom noj mis: cov mis nyuj nyoos, qaub cream, yogurt, tsev cheese

► Ci: pies, pies, pies, yob, bagels, qab zib pastries.

► Ntses, kev ua si, nqaij tsiaj nyeg.

► Condiments: dos, qej, horseradish, dill, parsley, cloves, nplooj nplooj, dub kua txob.

► Txiv hmab txiv ntoo: txiv apples, pears, plums

► Berries: Cherry, lingonberry, viburnum, cranberry, cloudberry, stoneberry, blackthorn

► Txiv ntseej thiab noob

Festive rooj

Lub rooj boyar, thiab lub rooj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo hauv nroog, tau txawv los ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj ntau. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tais diav tau nce, cov ntxhuav, ob qho tib si lean thiab me me, tau ntau thiab ntau ntau. Ib qho zaub mov loj uas twb muaj ntau tshaj 5-6 qhov kev hloov ntawm cov tais diav:

► kub (cab kua zaub, stew, pob ntseg);

► txias (okroshka, botvinya, jelly, jellied ntses, corned nyuj);

► ci (nqaij, nqaij qaib);

► khoom (nqaij los yog kib kub ntses);

► pies unsweetened, ► kulebyaka; porridge (qee zaum nws tau txais kev pab nrog zaub qhwv zaub);

► ncuav mog qab zib (qab zib pies, ncuav qab zib);

► khoom noj txom ncauj (qab zib rau tshuaj yej, candied txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab lwm yam).

Alexander Nechvolodov, nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv Legends ntawm Lavxias teb sab av, piav txog lub boyar lub tsiab peb caug thiab qhuas nws cov nyiaj txiag: Tom qab cov vodka, lawv pib noj cov khoom noj txom ncauj, uas muaj ntau heev; Nyob rau hnub ceev ceev sauerkraut, txhua hom nceb thiab txhua hom ntses, los ntawm caviar thiab balyk rau steamed sterlets, whitefish thiab ntau yam ntses kib tau txais kev pab. Nrog rau khoom noj txom ncauj, borsch botvinia kuj xav tau.

Tom qab ntawd lawv tsiv mus rau cov kua zaub kub, uas kuj tau txais kev pab ntawm ntau yam kev npaj - liab thiab dub, pike, sterlet, crucian carp, ua ke ntses, nrog saffron, thiab hais txog. Lwm cov tais diav ua los ntawm salmon nrog txiv qaub, ntses dawb nrog plums, sterlet nrog cucumbers thiab lwm yam kuj tau txais kev pab.

Tom qab ntawd, pies siav hauv cov txiv ntoo los yog cov roj hemp nrog txhua yam kev txhaws kuj raug xa mus rau txhua pob ntseg, nrog rau seasoning, feem ntau ci nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau yam tsiaj.

Tom qab cov ntses kua zaub ua raws li: "salted" los yog "salted", cov ntses tshiab uas tuaj ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub xeev, thiab ib txwm nyob rau hauv lub "zvar" (sauce), nrog horseradish, qej thiab mustard.

Noj su xaus nrog kev pab "khoom noj": ntau yam ncuav qab zib, donuts, pies nrog cinnamon, poppy noob, raisins, thiab lwm yam."

Txhua tus nyias nyias

Thawj yam uas tau rushed mus rau cov qhua txawv teb chaws yog tias lawv tau mus rau lub rooj noj mov Lavxias teb sab: muaj ntau ntawm cov tais diav, txawm tias nws yog ib hnub yoo mov.

Qhov tseeb yog tias tag nrho cov zaub, thiab qhov tseeb tag nrho cov khoom feem ntau, tau txais kev sib cais. Cov ntses tuaj yeem ci, kib, lossis boil, tab sis tsuas muaj ib hom ntses ntawm ib phaj.

Mushrooms tau salted nyias, mis nyuj nceb, porcini, boletus tau muab cais … Salads yog ib tug (!) Zaub, thiab tsis yog ib tug sib tov ntawm zaub. Txhua yam zaub tuaj yeem muab kib lossis boiled.

Cov tais diav kub kuj tau npaj raws li tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: nqaij qaib yog ci nyias, nyias nyias cov nqaij yog stewed.

Cov qub Lavxias teb sab cuisine tsis paub dab tsi finely tws thiab mix zaub xam lav, raws li zoo raws li ntau yam finely tws roasts thiab nqaij hauv paus, yog. Kuj tsis muaj cutlets, sausages thiab sausages. Txhua yam finely tws, tws rau hauv minced nqaij tshwm ntau tom qab.

Chowders thiab kua zaub

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev ua noj thaum kawg tau coj mus rau lub luag hauj lwm rau cov kua zaub thiab lwm yam kua zaub mov. Pickles, hodgepodge, hangover tshwm sim. Lawv tau ntxiv rau tsev neeg cov kua zaub uas sawv ntawm cov lus Lavxias: stew, zaub qhwv, kua zaub ntses (feem ntau yog los ntawm ib hom ntses, yog li txoj cai ntawm "txhua yam sib cais" tau pom).

Lwm yam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub xyoo pua no yog lub sij hawm ntawm novelties thiab nthuav cov khoom nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab cuisine. Tshuaj yej yog xa mus rau Russia. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, qab zib tau tshwm sim thiab ntau yam khoom qab zib nthuav dav: candied txiv hmab txiv ntoo, preserves, khoom qab zib, lollipops. Thaum kawg, lemons tshwm, uas pib ntxiv rau tshuaj yej, nrog rau cov kua zaub nplua nuj hangover.

Thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo no lub hwj chim ntawm lub Tatar cuisine muaj zog heev. Yog li ntawd, cov tais diav ua los ntawm unleavened mov paj tau txais koob meej: noodles, dumplings, dumplings.

Thaum twg cov qos yaj ywm tshwm

Txhua leej txhua tus paub tias cov qos yaj ywm tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th ua tsaug rau Peter kuv - nws coj noob qos yaj ywm los ntawm Holland. Tab sis kev xav paub txog txawv teb chaws tsuas yog muaj rau cov neeg nplua nuj thiab cov qos yaj ywm ntev ntev tseem yog ib qho khoom noj qab haus huv rau aristocracy.

Kev nthuav dav ntawm cov qos yaj ywm pib hauv 1765, thaum, tom qab kev txiav txim siab ntawm Catherine II, kev xa khoom ntawm cov noob qos yaj ywm raug coj mus rau Russia. Nws tau kis yuav luag yuam kev: cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tsis lees txais cov kab lis kev cai tshiab, txij li nws suav tias yog tshuaj lom (nthwv dej ntawm kev lom los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lom ntawm qos yaj ywm swept thoob plaws Russia, txij li thaum xub thawj cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tsis nkag siab tias yuav tsum tau noj cov hauv paus hniav. qoob loo thiab noj cov saum). [Ib qho kev piav qhia nruj heev ntawm keeb kwm raug cai. Lub lig Alexander Vladimirovich Pyzhikov tshawb xyuas qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv kom meej, thiab qhov xaus yog tsis muaj txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv lub idiocy ntaus nqi rau cov neeg Lavxias teb sab.

Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhov tsis lees paub ntawm cov qos yaj ywm yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev nkag siab tsis sib xws ntawm cov neeg ntawm cov txheej txheem kev txiav txim siab hauv ntiaj teb uas cuam tshuam rau metaphysics. - Kwv yees. ss69100.]

Cov qos yaj ywm tau siv sijhawm ntev thiab nyuaj los txiav cov hauv paus, txawm tias nyob rau xyoo pua 19th nws tau hu ua "dab ntxwg nyoog lub kua" thiab tsis kam cog. Yog li ntawd, ib tug nthwv dej ntawm "qos yaj ywm riots" swept thoob plaws Russia, thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, Nicholas kuv tseem muaj peev xwm nthuav qhia cov qos yaj ywm rau hauv cov neeg ua liaj ua teb. Thiab thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nws twb xam tau tias yog lub ncuav thib ob.