Clementinum hauv Prague - lub txhab nyiaj ntawm medieval kab lis kev cai

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Prague raug suav hais tias yog qhov chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb, kab lis kev cai thiab kev ntseeg vim nws cov architecture zoo kawg nkaus, khaws cia zoo kawg nkaus rau hnub no. Txawm hais tias muaj cov cuab yeej cuab tam nplua nuj uas txhua txoj hauv kev hauv nroog keeb kwm boasts, qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog Clementinum architectural ensemble, uas tau ntau pua xyoo lawm thiab tseem yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntseeg, kev kawm thiab kab lis kev cai.

1. Cov keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov architectural complex Clementinum

Klementinum architectural thiab keeb kwm pawg occupies ib tug lossis loj cheeb tsam ntawm 2 hectares, nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb thiab cheeb tsam nws rivals lub ntsiab attraction ntawm lub teb chaws - Prague Castle. Cov pawg muaj ntau lub tshav puam thiab lub tsev, qhov kawg ntawm cov uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv Baroque style (hnub tim 17th - 18th centuries), uas yog cov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm niaj hnub Prague. Nws paub tseeb tias nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw no, pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th, muaj ib lub tsev teev ntuj ua kev qhuas ntawm St. Clement, uas nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 1st. - ib tug ntawm cov "cov txiv neej ntawm cov thwj tim" dav revered nyob rau hauv Kievan Rus thiab tag nrho cov ntseeg lub ntiaj teb no.

Sij hawm dhau mus, qhov chaw dawb huv no tau saib xyuas los ntawm cov hauj sam ntawm Dominican kev txiav txim, uas tau tsim lawv lub tsev teev ntuj thiab cov tsev teev ntuj ntawm no, tso lub vaj. Xyoo 1552, cov Jesuits tau qhib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv thaj chaw no, uas tau los ua qhov chaw cob qhia loj tshaj plaws rau cov neeg Yudais hauv ntiaj teb. Kev txiav txim siab tias Dominican txiav txim raug tshem tawm, tom qab 3 xyoos tag nrho lawv cov khoom tau dhau mus rau cov neeg Yudais, uas tau pib nthuav dav kev kawm thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm ib zaug kev cai dab qhuas complex, tsim ib lub tsev kawm ntawv, lub tsev luam ntawv, tsev kawm ntawv thiab txawm tias ua yeeb yam.

2. Cov qauv ntawm keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai complex Clementinum

Lub koom txoos keeb kwm ntawm Clementinum tau nthuav tawm ntau pua xyoo vim yog kev tsim cov tsev tshiab thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov chaw kawm thiab kev coj noj coj ua los ntawm lwm qhov hauv nroog (xws li, piv txwv li, lub tsev qiv ntawv legendary ntawm Charles University).

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 30 cov qauv tshwj xeeb thiab 2 lub vaj zoo nkauj ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub complex. Lub ntsiab attractions ntawm Clementinum, ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntawm cov pej xeem, cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, yog:

- lub tsev qiv ntawv zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv tsev kawm ntawv hauv ntiaj teb;

- ib tug tshwj xeeb astronomical observatory;

- lub tsev teev ntuj daim iav, nyob rau hauv uas cov kev pab cuam los saum ntuj los muaj nyob rau cov hnub caiv loj, kab tshoob kev kos nyob rau hnub so, thiab classical music concerts yuav luag txhua hnub;

- lej tsev cia puav pheej;

- chaw nres tsheb huab cua uas cov kws tshawb fawb (thawj zaug hauv Central Europe) tau pib sau, txheeb xyuas thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nws nyob ntawm no nyob rau hauv 1604, yog ib tug exile ntawm nws haiv neeg lub teb chaws, uas German astronomer Johannes Kepler nrhiav tau cov kev cai ntawm kev txav ntawm lub ntiaj chaw ntawm lub hnub ci system;

- astronomical pej thuam (lub tsev siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub complex), uas tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab ntawm Atlant;

- moos pej thuam;

- lub tsev luam ntawv qub tshaj plaws hauv nroog.

Nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm lub architectural thiab keeb kwm complex, kuj muaj ib yam dab tsi mus saib thiab qhov twg mus taug kev, txaus siab rau cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev. Cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws nyiam saib lub hnub ci, taug kev ncig lub pas dej me me uas ua kom zoo li tus ciav dej, lossis pom cov duab puab qub uas ua rau thaj chaw ntawm lub complex.

3. Architectural nta ntawm Clementinum

Raws li ib qho piv txwv ntawm European architecture ntawm lub 17th - 18th centuries, lub Clementinum pawg yog ib tug invaluable keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai monument, uas muaj xws li tshwj xeeb pej xeem vaj tse. Cov qauv zoo nkauj uas peb tuaj yeem pom tam sim no tau tsim tsa thaum lub sijhawm Heyday ntawm Habsburg dynasty - lub sijhawm thaum Baroque style, zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus qauv, tuaj rau hauv vogue. Cov vaj tsev tseem muaj sia nyob ntawm Clementinum yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig keeb kwm thiab suav tias yog cov txuj ci tshwj xeeb tsim los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij txawv teb chaws zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd: Francesco Caratti, Carlo Lurago, Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer, Frantisek Maximilian Kanka, Domenico Orsi, Avraham Leitner, Jean Baptiste Mate thiab lwm tus.

Kev tsim sab hauv ntawm cov tsev pej xeem kuj tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Tus tsim ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov tsev surprises nrog nws cov nplua nuj, ib tug yuav txawm hais tias luxurious kho kom zoo nkauj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv thiab daim iav chapel. Nyob rau hauv lawv lub tsev, tshwj xeeb frescoes, gilded stucco moldings, bas-reliefs, pretentious txhua thiab ntau lwm yam zoo nkauj ntsiab yog khaws cia zoo kawg nkaus.

4. Prague National Library Clementinum

Lub National Library ntawm Prague Clementinum yog ib lub tsev qiv ntawv tseem ceeb thiab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Thawj qhov uas ua rau pom qhov muag ntawm cov neeg uas thawj zaug hla nws qhov pib yog cov nplua nuj sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj, uas cuam tshuam los ntawm kev nyeem ntawv ntau heev uas txhua tus neeg uas tuaj ua haujlwm nrog cov ntawv qub tshaj plaws lossis cov qauv tseem ceeb ua ntej kawm sab hauv. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog impressive yog cov frescoes uas tuaj yeem pom tsis tsuas yog ntawm phab ntsa, tab sis kuj ntawm lub dome - nws qhia txog lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Kev Txawj Ntse.

Ntxiv nrog rau nws txoj kev zoo nkauj zoo kawg, nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb - qhov chaw khaws cia ntawm cov ntawv tshwj xeeb. Tam sim no, nws sau tau txog 7 lab phau ntawv, tab sis cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb, tau kawg, yog cov ntawv sau qub tshaj plaws. Nws lub txhab nyiaj muaj 4, 2 txhiab incunabula - cov piv txwv tsis tshua muaj ntawm cov ntawv sau tes ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, ntawm cov uas koj tuaj yeem pom "Visegrad Codex" hnub tim 1085.

Kev pab los ntawm Novate. Ru editors:Incunabula yog phau ntawv sau ua ntej pib luam ntawv hauv Tebchaws Europe (ua ntej Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1501).

5. Daim iav chapel (chapel)

Daim iav Chapel tau tsim hauv 1720 - 1724. nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Annunciation ntawm tus dawb huv tshaj plaws Theotokos. Nws kev sib haum xeeb tsim tau zoo nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm marble, gilded stucco molding, zoo kawg nkaus match xim, frescoes thiab muaj cov iav loj loj nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa hauv txoj kev tshwj xeeb. Ua tsaug rau cov iav, qhov tseeb, chav me me tau pom ntau zaus, thiab yog tias peb xav txog qhov kev xav hauv lawv ntawm kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov frescoes tsim los ntawm Jan Khibl thiab Vaclav Lavrentiy Rainer, cov seem ntawm daim iav mosaics ntawm lub vaults. ntawm lub qab nthab thiab "lub hnub qub" pem teb, ces nws yog tsis muaj peev xwm muab ib tug stunning thiab mesmerizing ib puag ncig.

Daim iav Chapel yog tib lub tsev ntawm keeb kwm thiab vaj tse complex Clementinum, uas qhib txhua hnub. Nws tuav concerts, feem ntau ntawm cov suab paj nruag classic, txawm hais tias koj muaj hmoo, koj tuaj yeem hnov jazz lossis niaj hnub hits ua los ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws orchestras hauv Czech koom pheej. Tsis ntev los no, lub tsev teev ntuj tau dhau los ua qhov chaw nyiam rau kev tshoob kos, yog li cov niam txiv tshiab los ntawm thoob plaws lub tebchaws siv zog los tuav lub koob tsheej ntawm no.