Yuav ua li cas Lavxias teb sab Yargu-swastika raug txwv nyob rau hauv 1922

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1922, cov ntawv xov xwm Izvestia tau luam tawm (tam sim no tsis nco qab lawm) "Kev Ceeb Toom" los ntawm A. V. Lunacharsky. Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm tau sau tias:

Ntawm ntau cov ornaments thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm … los ntawm kev nkag siab yuam kev, ib qho khoom siv hu ua swastika yog siv (ib qho sib npaug-taw tes hla nrog khoov kawg rau sab laug). Vim Lub swastika yog ib lub cockade ntawm lub koom haum tawm tsam kev tawm tsam German ORGESH, thiab tsis ntev los no tau txais tus cwj pwm ntawm lub cim kos npe ntawm tag nrho cov fascist txav, ces kuv ceeb toom rau koj tias cov neeg ua yeeb yam yuav tsum tsis txhob siv cov khoom zoo nkauj no, uas ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo. kev xav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg txawv teb chaws.

Xws li daim ntawv pom zoo- txwv tsis pub, kos npe los ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm txhua tus ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Russia, ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm tsoomfwv tshaj tawm, tuaj yeem raug soj ntsuam raws li cov lus qhia raug cai, uas tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thiab ua los ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub.

Yog li ntawd, Lunacharsky, qhov tseeb, meej meej txwv tsis pub siv swastika.… Thiab txawm hais tias kev rau txim rau kev ua txhaum cai tsis tau txhais, txhua tus neeg nkag siab tias qhov tseeb nws yuav tsis yog qhov teeb meem rau nws - lub sijhawm hloov pauv yog ntshav dhau. Lub swastika maj mam ploj mus los ntawm qhov pom kev ntxhov siab ntawm Soviet lub neej txhua hnub. Txawm hais tias kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1924 nws tseem siv tau rau hauv lub tes tsho insignia ntawm Red Army cov tub rog ntawm ntau chav.

Tom qab xyoo 1930, nws yog qhov tsawg heev hauv kev tshawb fawb los nrhiav ib qho kev hais txog swastika. Nws yog lub sijhawm thaum koom nrog hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russialos yog siv cov ntsiab lus "Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm", "Lavxias teb sab pej xeem kab lis kev cai" nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb suav tias yog sabotage, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb uas siv lawv tau raug ntaus nqi rau cov yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg nrog tag nrho cov kev tshwm sim tom ntej. Thiab hauv kev tshawb fawb tom qab tsov rog ncaj qha ntsig txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm yargi-swastika, kev txwv tsis pub ntawm daim paib no txuas ntxiv mus.

Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv txhua txoj hauv kev tau zam tsis hais lo lus "swastika", siv es tsis txhob "tus ntoo khaub lig nrog khoov kawg", "hnub ci lub cim", thiab lwm yam. Qhov no txoj kev yog heev ncaj ncees, muab txoj hmoo ntawm exiled thiab tua cov kws tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv Slavic kev tshawb fawb, Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm thiab ethnology.

Guseva N. R. thiaj piav lub sij hawm ntawm oblivion thiab suppression ntawm swastikanyob rau hauv kev xav thiab science ntawm lub Soviet era:

Hauv kev tshaj tawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev tshaj tawm tom qab tsov rog, swastika raug ntiab tawm ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv, thiab tus cwj pwm no tuaj yeem nkag siab, tab sis nyuaj rau kev zam txim - tom qab tag nrho, cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub ornament yog ib qho ntawm cov keeb kwm nruj, thiab xws li kev hloov pauv hauv kev sib kis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm cov lus xaus.

Cov tub ceev xwm txwv tsis pub swastika tuaj yeem muab piv rau kev ua ntawm tus kav nroog ntawm lub nroog, Foolov, los ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin, thaum nws hlawv lub gymnasium thaum tuaj txog thiab txwv kev tshawb fawb. Koj tuaj yeem sau tsab cai txwv tsis pub lub hnub, tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem txwv nws txhua hnub, uas muab lub teeb rau lub ntiaj teb.

Kev txwv tsis pub kos duab thiab sau ntawv ntawm swastika

1 … Duab ntawm ib lub nkoj hauv av pom hauv Samara (4000 BC). Hauv cov duab tom qab tsov rog ntawm no monument, nruab nrab swastika feem ntau tsis tuaj. Yog li, nyob rau sab nraub qaum ntawm phau ntawv tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm los ntawm A. L. Mongait's "Archeology thiab Modernity", cov duab ntawm yaggi yog ib nrab-ntxuav, uas tsim ib qho kev xav tsis tseeb ntawm lub xeev tsis zoo ntawm kev khaws cia ntawm qhov qub.

* Sab laug yog tus thawj, sab xis yog daim duab ntawm lub npog ntawm phau ntawv los ntawm A. L. Mongaita.

2 … Nyob rau xyoo 1980, lub tsev tshaj tawm "Artist ntawm RSFSR" tab tom npaj lub album "Lavxias teb sab pej xeem kos duab nyob rau hauv lub sau ntawm lub xeev Lavxias teb sab Museum". Ntawm ib qho ntawm cov xim inlays, ib qho kev ncua tau piav qhia, uas, ntawm lwm cov qauv, crosses nrog nkhaus kawg tau ntsib. Hauv kev tsim cov ntawv luam tawm hauv lub tsev luam ntawv ntawm GDR, cov neeg ua yeeb yam German tau ncig lawv ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab muab cov lus nug. Yog li ntawd, lub album uas tawm ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm tsis muaj cov duab ntawm "hla nrog khoov kawg."

3 … Thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Kargopol Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lub Zos Hauv Zos tau rhuav tshem ntau qhov tsis tshua muaj paj ntaub uas muaj swastikas. Xws li kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis hauv tsev khaws puav pheej uas muaj swastika tau ua txhua qhov chaw, thiab tsis yog hauv tsev cia puav pheej xwb. Cov kev ua rau kab lis kev cai no yog ntuj. Lawv loj hlob tawm ntawm txoj cai ntawm Soviet Russia, uas tshaj tawm txog kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug neeg tshiab thiab kev tsim kho lub ntiaj teb tshiab uas Lavxias keeb kwm thiab pej xeem kab lis kev cai tsis muaj chaw. Thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog xyoo, kuj muaj ib qho ntxiv pretext rau ntxiv dag zog rau lub hom phiaj ntev-sawv los tshem tawm pej xeem kab lis kev cai - nyob rau hauv lub formidable tsov rog, lub swastika tau qhia raws li ib tug kos npe rau ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, nws tau nthuav tawm raws li ib tug kos npe rau ntawm fanaticism thiab tsis. tib neeg.

4 … Hnub ua ntej ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, tus tub ceev xwm NKVD tau nres hauv ib lub zos hauv cheeb tsam Vologda. Thaum noj hmo, nws pom ib daim phuam ubrus dai rau ntawm lub thaj neeb, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm uas ib tug loj intricate swastika illuminated los ntawm lub teeb ntawm lub teeb icon, thiab nyob rau hauv cov npoo yog cov qauv ntawm me me rhombic crosses nrog nkhaus xaus. Pom tus swastika, tus qhua lub qhov muag tau npau taws nrog kev npau taws, tus tswv NW nyuam qhuav tswj kom nws siab, piav qhia tias lub cim uas muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub trim tsis yog swastika, tab sis "Shaggy Brightly", thiab cov qauv ntawm sab kab txaij. yog "jibs". Tus tub ceev xwm NKVD taug kev ncig tag nrho lub zos thiab xyuas kom meej tias muaj "ci" thiab "jibs" hauv txhua lub tsev neeg ua liaj ua teb.

Muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws, pib txij li 30s. XX caug xyoo Cov tswv cuab Komsomol tawm tsam swastika … Thaum tsov rog tshwj xeeb detachments ntawm NKVD txeeb khoom nrog swastika los ntawm cov neeg nyob deb nroog thiab puas … Txog tam sim no, cov neeg hauv paus txawm nyob rau sab qaum teb khaws cia nco txog 40s. ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, thaum lawv tau txwv tsis pub embroider ib tug ntoo khaub lig nrog curled xaus ntawm cov khaub ncaws uas Ameslikas muaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov kab lis kev cai.

Cov ntaub ntawv hauv cheeb tsam Demidov yog qhov qhia tau, raws li tus tsim ntawm Smolensk Ornaments Tsev khaws puav pheej V. I. Grushenko. Nyob rau hauv lub 80s. XX caug xyoo nws mus rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov lus dab neeg hauv zos pom tus thawj coj, uas nws pom tau ua txoj haujlwm xav paub. Tus thawj coj, ib tug txiv neej hnub nyoog nruab nrab, txiav cov ntoo khaub lig nrog nkhaus xaus ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej phuam nrog rab chais. Tsis txhob txaj muag, nws piav qhia tias nws tsis xis nyob nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov qhua thiab cov qhua, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, rau lub "fascist swastika" nyob rau hauv lub zos vajtswv. Ib qho piv txwv qhia tau hais tias muaj zog npaum li cas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Bolshevik "anti-swastika" yog cov laus tiam yuav luag 60 xyoo tom qab kev txwv ntawm yargi.

Niaj hnub nimno pej xeem lub tswv yim, ntawm peb compatriots, kuj yog characterized los ntawm ib tug misunderstanding ntawm Yargi thiab nws cov keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai tseem ceeb tsis tau tsuas yog rau Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai, tab sis kuj rau cov kab lis kev cai ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov neeg ntawm Russia, qhov twg. yarga-swastika yog ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm khaub ncaws, rituals thiab kev lis kev cai.

Txoj cai lij choj txwv tam sim no rau cov cim fascist yog qhov nyuaj rau kev cais tawm ntawm kev txwv tsis pub siv yarga, thiab yog li ntawd, qhov tseeb, nws txuas ntxiv txoj cai kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Bolshevik-Leninists ntawm 1920s thiab 1930s.

Lub cim ntawm fascism nyob rau hauv lub emblem ntawm lub bailiffs ntawm Russia

Lub cim FSSP thiab chij tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 2004.

Federal bailiff kev pab(FSSP) yog ib lub koomhaum tseemfwv qibsiab. Ua kom yuam kev ua raws li kev txiav txim plaub ntug. Muaj ib tug chij thiab ib tug heraldic emblem pom zoo los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Russia.

Nyob rau sab laug paw ntawm eagle muaj ib tug lictor pawg (fascia) los ntawm lat. fascis - ib pawg ntawm rods nrog ib tug ncej daig rau hauv nws, lub cim ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm vaj thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub koom pheej Roman (Ancient Rome).

Los ntawm lo lus los ntawm Italian (fashio) - "union" los yog fascism.

Lub tswv yim ntawm fascism thiab lub cim (lictor pawg) tau txais hauv Ltalis tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib. B. Mussolini nrhiav tau "Italian Union ntawm Struggle", uas nyob rau hauv 1921. renamed rau " National Fascist Party ” (Partito Nazionale Fascista) - tib txoj cai lij choj hauv tebchaws Ltalis txog xyoo 1943.

Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub USSR thiab Russia, fascism kuj to taub raws li German National Socialism (Nazism).

Lawv hu ua fascists cov tsho dubtxij li thaum lawv hnav cov tsho dub nrog cov kab txaij daj thiab liab ntawm lub dab teg (cov xim ntawm Rome).