Yuav ua li cas lub Red Army liberated Warsaw los ntawm German txoj hauj lwm

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

75 xyoo dhau los, cov tub rog ntawm Red Army thiab Polish Army tau tso Warsaw, uas tau nyob rau hauv German txoj hauj lwm rau ntau tshaj tsib xyoos.

Kev ntiab tawm ntawm Nazis los ntawm lub nroog Polish ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav hauv lwm cov lus qhia. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 3, yuav luag tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm Poland raug tshem tawm ntawm Wehrmacht units. Lub USSR tau them tus nqi siab rau qhov kev yeej no - txog 600 txhiab tus tub rog Soviet thiab tub ceev xwm raug tua nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog Nazis. Kev sib tw rau kev ywj pheej ntawm lub teb chaws, ua los ntawm Moscow thiab Polish Army, yog hu ua historians "kev tshwm sim ntawm tiag tiag heroism." Lub caij no, cov tub ceev xwm ntawm niaj hnub Poland tsis kam lees paub lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Red Army hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub xeev.

Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 17, 1945, cov tub rog ntawm 1st Belorussian Front thiab 1st Army ntawm Polish Army tau ua tiav kev ywj pheej ntawm Warsaw, uas tau nyob hauv Nazi txoj haujlwm txij li lub Cuaj Hli 1939. Lub nroog tau raug tshem tawm ntawm Nazis nyob rau hauv peb hnub, thiab kev tshem tawm ntawm Wehrmacht units los ntawm thoob plaws tebchaws Poland tau xaus rau lub Ob Hlis thaum ntxov thaum muaj kev tawm tsam Vistula-Oder. Raws li tus thawj coj ntawm 1st Belorussian Front, Marshal Georgy Zhukov, tau sau tseg hauv nws daim ntawv tshaj tawm, txog 600 txhiab tus tub rog Soviet thiab tub ceev xwm raug tua nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau kev ywj pheej ntawm Poland.

Cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Poland txais tos cov nkoj thauj khoom hauv tebchaws Soviet © Archive ntawm Ministry of Defense ntawm Russia

Cov Germans paub tias lawv lub hauv ntej tau tawg

Thaum pib, cov lus txib ntawm Red Army (RKKA) tau npaj los tawm tsam rau thaj chaw Polish thaum Lub Ib Hlis 20, 1945. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev ua tsis tiav ntawm Anglo-American rog hauv Ardennes thiab qhov kev thov ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm tsoomfwv Askiv Winston Churchill rau kev pab, tus thawj coj Soviet Joseph Stalin tau hais kom ncua kev pib ua haujlwm Vistula-Oder mus rau Lub Ib Hlis 12.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob sab nrauv ntawm Warsaw tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Ib Hlis 14. Cov tub rog 61st ntawm Colonel-General Pavel Belov tau tawm tsam lub nroog Poland los ntawm sab qab teb, thiab 47th Army ntawm Major General Franz Perkhorovich los ntawm sab qaum teb. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab pawg tau ua si los ntawm 2nd Guards Tank Army ntawm General Semyon Bogdanov, ua haujlwm los ntawm tus choj taub hau ntawm sab laug ntug dej ntawm Pilitsa River.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Ministry of Defense ntawm Lavxias Federation, luam tawm thaum Lub Ib Hlis 17, 2020, hais tias kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Warsaw yog "loj loj thiab ntshav." Kev tawm tsam ntawm Red Army tau txhawb nqa los ntawm 1st Army ntawm Polish Army raws li kev hais kom ua ntawm Soviet General Stanislav Poplavsky. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj Tim 16, Cov Ncej hla mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub Vistula. Nws yog cov chav nyob ntawm Polish Army uas yog thawj zaug tawg rau hauv Warsaw. Cov no yog cov tub rog ntawm 4th Infantry Regiment ntawm 2nd Division ntawm Jan Rotkevich.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm txoj kev hauv nroog tau pib thaum Lub Ib Hlis 17 ntawm yim thaum sawv ntxov thiab xaus rau peb yav tav su. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov tub rog Nazi nyob rau hauv ib tug nruj lub voj voog ntawm encirclement, lawv sim tawm tsam. Kev sib ntaus sib tua rau qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv nroog loj heev. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua qhov kev sim los ntawm Wehrmacht kom muaj qhov kev tawm tsam tsis ua tiav.

Kev ywj pheej ntawm Warsaw yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Nws tso cai rau Red Army tshem tawm cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Poland thiab tsim lub hauv paus rau kev tawm tsam rau lub teb chaws Yelemees. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov tub rog Polish hauv zos tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm Soviet-Polish tom qab tsov rog.

Ntawm ib feem ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab, ntxiv rau infantrymen, tankmen thiab artillerymen, cov tub rog ntawm USSR Navy thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm NKVD tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm kom dim lub nroog Polish. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau tshaj 690 txhiab tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm tau txais lub puav pheej "Rau Liberation ntawm Warsaw".

Nyob rau hauv kev xam phaj nrog RT, tus thawj coj ntawm lub scientific department ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog keeb kwm Society, Yuri Nikiforov, tau sau tseg hais tias lub lag luam ntawm Red Army thiab cov tub rog Polish tau npaj siab tshaj plaws. Cov tub rog ua ntej tshaj tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm tso tsheb hlau luam, artillery thiab aviation.

"Cov Nazis xyaum tsis tau tiv thaiv lub nroog nws tus kheej. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau txiav txim siab ntawm txoj hauv kev mus rau Warsaw. Cov Germans pom tau hais tias lawv lub hauv ntej tau tawg thiab hais tias lawv raug hem nrog ib puag ncig. Vim li no, lawv tau pib thim rov qab mus rau sab hnub poob txhawm rau txuag lub zog rau kev tawm tsam ntxiv, "Nikiforov piav qhia.

Thaum lub sij hawm xyoo ntawm txoj hauj lwm, Warsaw raug kev puas tsuaj loj heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov Nazis, thim rov qab, mined lub nroog Polish. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm 1st Belorussian Front, Colonel-General Mikhail Malinin, hais tias cov tub rog Soviet tau tshem ntau tshaj 14 tons ntawm cov khoom tawg, 5,412 anti-tank thiab 17,227 anti-neeg mines, 46 av mines, 232 "xav tsis thoob" (ib hom kuv) nyob rau hauv lub nroog Polish, txog 14 txhiab lub plhaub, foob pob, mines thiab grenades.

Hauv kev xam phaj nrog RT, Czeslaw Lewandowski, uas nyob hauv Warsaw, tau hais tias qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm Nazi ntshai tuaj txog xyoo 1942-1943. Raws li nws, cov Germans tau dai thiab tua tib neeg nyob rau hauv txoj kev.

“Nws ua phem heev. Nws yog ib qho txaus ntshai tawm mus rau hauv txoj kev, vim hais tias cov tsheb tau tsav thiab coj leej twg mus. Nws yog ib qho txaus ntshai mus los ntawm tram, vim nws tsis paub tias nws yuav raug nres thiab coj mus rau qhov twg. Qhov no yog ib lub sijhawm. Txaus ntshai. Nws coj lub neej ntawm Warsaw, Lewandowski hais.

Nws kuj tseem nco qab tias cov neeg German tau teeb tsa lub ghetto rau cov neeg Yudais, uas muaj li ntawm ib nrab lab tus tib neeg tau nyob. Raws li Lewandowski, muaj "ntau cov menyuam yaus tuag" ntawm txoj kev ntawm ghetto.

Lewandowski tsis tau paub tam sim ntawd txog kev ywj pheej ntawm Warsaw thaum Lub Ib Hlis 17, 1945, thaum nws nyob hauv ib lub chaw pw.

Daim ntawv qhia txog kev tawm tsam ntawm Tub Rog Liab ntawm Wehrmacht pawg hauv tebchaws Poland © Archive ntawm Ministry of Defense ntawm Russia

Tus kws sau ntawv ntawm Warsaw-Poznan kev tawm tsam, thaum lub sijhawm lub nroog Polish tau dim, tus thawj coj ntawm 1st Belorussian Front, Georgy Zhukov, nco qab tias ua ntej kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Soviet-Polish, cov Germans tua ntau txhiab tus neeg, tsis tu ncua rhuav tshem thaj chaw nyob, cov chaw hauv nroog thiab cov chaw lag luam loj.

“Lub nroog tuag lawm. Mloog cov dab neeg ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Warsaw txog kev ua phem ua phem los ntawm German fascists thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua ntej kev tawm tsam, nws nyuaj rau nkag siab txog kev xav thiab kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm cov yeeb ncuab cov tub rog - qhov no yog li cas Zhukov piav txog qhov xwm txheej. nyob rau hauv liberated Warsaw.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev tawm tsam sai ntawm 1st Belorussian Front, raws li Zhukov, tiv thaiv Nazis los ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov "kev lag luam kev lag luam, kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab txoj kev loj, tsis muab sijhawm rau lawv los nyiag thiab tua cov neeg Polish, tshem tawm cov nyuj thiab zaub mov.."

Tom qab swb ntawm Warsaw pab pawg ntawm Wehrmacht, kev tsim ntawm Red Army thiab Polish Army txuas ntxiv tsim kev tawm tsam hnyav hauv lwm cov lus qhia. Lub Ob Hlis 3, Soviet units mus txog Oder, nres 60-70 km ntawm Berlin.

Ob lub chaw tiv thaiv

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias tom qab-socialist Poland yog dominated los ntawm ib tug tsis zoo kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub Vistula-Oder thiab Warsaw-Poznan kev khiav hauj lwm. Tshwj xeeb, cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub nroog Polish tsis kam ua kev zoo siab rau 75 xyoo ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm lub nroog los ntawm Red Army thiab pro-Soviet formations. Niaj hnub Warsaw sib npaug txoj cai ntawm USSR nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ua ntej tsov rog nrog rau kev ua ntawm Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Kev ua raws li cov chav kawm no yog bewildering nyob rau hauv Moscow.

"Yog tias peb tham txog qhov pom tseeb, ces kuv tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab tias koj tuaj yeem kos hnub tim pib ua tsov rog li cas thiab tib lub sijhawm xyaum tsis quav ntsej cov hnub ntawm kev ywj pheej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab qhov xwm txheej ua ntej ua tsov ua rog tau hloov pauv tag nrho, "said Maria Zakharova, tus cev lus rau Lavxias Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Txawv Tebchaws rau Lub Ib Hlis 13.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tub ceev xwm Polish tau nquag ua yeeb yam ntawm Warsaw Uprising, pib los ntawm lub teb chaws tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv exile, uas nyob rau hauv London. Cov neeg ntxeev siab tau pib ua phem rau lub Yim Hli 1, 1944. Tab sis lub tswv yim ua pov thawj tias tsis ua tiav: kev tawm tsam tau xaus rau lub Kaum Hlis 2 nrog kev yeej German. Raws li nws ntseeg hauv Warsaw, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Soviet tsis tau muab cov neeg ntxeev siab nrog kev pab tsim nyog thiab yog li ua rau lawv tuag.

Txawm li cas los xij, hauv keeb kwm niaj hnub no, Warsaw Uprising yog suav hais tias yog ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm theem kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II.

Nws yog tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm txoj hauj lwm, lub Polish kuj muaj ob peb armed formations. Tsoomfwv London tau tso siab rau Cov Tub Rog Hauv Tsev (AK), thaum Moscow nquag pab Polish Army thiab Tub Rog Tub Rog.

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub chaw tiv thaiv Polish no nyuaj heev. Yog li, Cov Tub Rog Hauv Tsev tau npaj siab los tawm tsam Poland thiab thaj tsam sab hnub poob ntawm USSR yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Red Army. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev nom kev tswv ntawm AK thiab tsoom fwv Polish nyob rau hauv exile yog rov tsim lub xeev Polish nyob rau hauv ciam teb mus txog rau lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1939. Yog li, lawv npaj "rov qab" Western Ukraine thiab Western Belarus.

Kev coj noj coj ua ntawm AK thiab tsoomfwv, uas nyob hauv London, suav nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm Western xeev, txawm li cas los xij, raws li tau hais hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Lavxias Ministry of Defense, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill thiab Asmeskas Thawj Tswj Hwm Franklin Roosevelt "yog qhov tseeb" thiab nkag siab txog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm Poland txoj kev ywj pheej los ntawm Red Army.

Kev tawm tsam hauv Warsaw kuj tau koom ua ke los ntawm AK thiab Polish tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv exile, tsis tau sab laj Moscow. Tsuas yog UK tau ceeb toom txog cov phiaj xwm no. USSR tau ceeb toom tsuas yog lub Yim Hli 2, ib hnub tom qab AK cov lus hais. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txawm tias qhov kev swb dhau los, cov neeg ntxeev siab vam tias yuav kov yeej cov Germans hauv ob peb hnub.

Nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Xya Hli 31, tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Hauv Tsev, General Tadeusz Komorowski, tau hais kom Warsaw cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv av pib tawm tsam cov Nazi cov neeg nyob hauv lub Yim Hli 1 thaum 5 teev tsaus ntuj. Cov neeg ntxeev siab cia siab, siv qhov ua rau xav tsis thoob, txhawm rau txeeb ntau dua 400 yam khoom tseem ceeb hauv nroog / Wikimedia commons

Txawm li cas los xij, tus thawj tswj hwm txoj haujlwm hauv Warsaw tau paub txog cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab. Twb tau nyob rau lub Yim Hli 1, 1944, Reich Minister ntawm Sab Hauv Heinrich Himmler, ua raws li Hitler cov lus qhia, tau txiav txim siab ua phem rau kev tawm tsam, razing lub nroog mus rau hauv av. Cov chav nyob ntawm SS, Ukrainian nationalists thiab Soviet koom tes, suav nrog cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm General Andrei Vlasov, uas tau tawm tsam rau Hitler sab hauv xyoo 1942, raug xa mus tshem tawm cov neeg ntxeev siab.

Txawm hais tias muaj kev sib txawv tseem ceeb, cov tub rog ntawm 1st Belorussian thiab 1st Ukrainian pem hauv ntej, nrog rau cov tub rog tsim kev ncaj ncees rau Moscow, tau muab kev pab rau Cov Tub Rog Hauv Tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog Soviet thiab Polish, vim tsis muaj aviation thiab cov cuab yeej hnyav, tau nce qeeb thiab poob hnyav.

Lub caij no, cov Germans ntxiv dag zog rau lawv cov peev txheej thiab pab pawg ntawm txoj hauv kev mus rau Warsaw. Cov phoojywg sab hnub poob tsis tuaj yeem pab cov neeg ntxeev siab. Rau lawv tus kheej kev nyab xeeb, British pilots raug yuam kom tso cov khoom nrog riam phom hla Warsaw los ntawm qhov siab ntawm 4 km. Feem ntau xws li "parcels" poob rau hauv txhais tes ntawm Germans.

Stalin hu ua Warsaw Uprising ntawm 1944 "kev taug txuj kev nyuaj uas tsis txaus ntseeg." Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus thawj coj ntawm Soviet tau sau tseg tias "Cov Tub Rog Liab yuav tsis muaj dag zog los tua cov Germans nyob ze Warsaw thiab tso tawm Warsaw rau Poles."

Czeslaw Lewandowski hu ua Warsaw Uprising yog ib lub sijhawm txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv nroog. Raws li nws, nws yog thaum ntawd "nws tuaj rau kev nkag siab ntawm tag nrho Polish haiv neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Warsaw, uas yuav tsum tau ua txhua yam kom ua phem rau cov neeg nyob hauv."

"Yog li ntawd, txoj haujlwm tau raug rhuav tshem, cov sijhawm kawg tau raug ua txhaum cai, thiab kev koom ua ke tau tsim. Lub sijhawm no, muaj feem ntau ntawm cov neeg uas koom nrog ntau lub koom haum hauv av thiab tsim cov tub rog, "Lewandowski hais.

Hauv cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm thaum Lub Ib Hlis 17 los ntawm Ministry of Defense, nws tau hais tias Warsaw Uprising tau npaj tsis zoo thiab tau ua tiav nrog cov hom phiaj ntawm kev nom kev tswv "tsis suav nrog kev cia siab thiab kev cia siab ntawm feem coob ntawm cov pej xeem Polish."

Ib qho tsis yooj yim qhov tseeb

Kev tawm tswv yim txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm sab xub ntiag, Yuri Nikiforov tau sau tseg tias txij thaum Lub Xya Hli - Lub Yim Hli 1944, USSR tsis muaj peev txheej rau kev ua tiav kev tawm tsam ntawm lub nroog Poland vim muaj kev sib ntaus hnyav tsis ntev los no rau kev ywj pheej ntawm Belarus. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog Soviet thiab cov tub rog Polish tau sim ua kom tawg mus rau hauv nroog thiab hloov cov yeeb ncuab rog, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau rhuav tshem Warsaw cov neeg ntxeev siab.

“Cov Tub Rog Liab tau ua txhua yam nws ua tau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawd. Nws yog ib tug manifestation ntawm tiag tiag heroism. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau them tribute rau lub siab tawv ntawm cov rebels. Lawv tawm tsam stubbornly thiab desperately. Nyob rau hauv teb, cov Germans thiab Ukrainian nationalists mercilessly puas AK cov tub rog thiab cov pej xeem, Nikiforov hais ntxiv.

Tus kws tshaj lij tau ntseeg tias tsoomfwv hauv London muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev ua tsis tiav ntawm Warsaw Uprising. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xav zoo li no tsis haum rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm post-socialist Poland, uas yog los ntawm kev tsis lees paub kev koom tes ntawm USSR thiab cov tub rog-Soviet rau kev swb ntawm Nazi occupiers, historian hais.

Tau ntes cov tub rog German hauv tebchaws Poland © Archive ntawm Ministry of Defense ntawm Russia

Ib qho kev xav zoo sib xws yog qhia los ntawm Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Keeb Kwm Kev Tshawb Fawb, xibfwb ntawm Moscow State University Alexander Kobrinsky. Hauv kev xam phaj nrog RT, nws tau hais tias keeb kwm ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Poland los ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab tau dhau los ua neeg raug tsim txom los ntawm kev nom tswv Russophobic manipulations ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb.

"Cov nom tswv Warsaw tsis kam lees paub qhov pom tseeb tsis muaj peev txheej los tso tawm lub tebchaws yam tsis muaj kev pabcuam loj los ntawm USSR. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tsis yooj yim rau cov tub ceev xwm niaj hnub no. Yog lawm, peb lub teb chaws muaj keeb kwm nyuaj thiab tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo, tab sis nws yog txhaum cai los tsis lees paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm Warsaw thiab tag nrho lub teb chaws los ntawm Red Army, "Kobrinsky hais.

Tus kws tshaj lij nco qab tias Soviet Union tau them tus nqi loj rau Vistula-Oder kev tawm tsam. Kobrinsky tseem hais ntxiv tias USSR tau cawm cov neeg Polish tsis yog los ntawm kev tua neeg xwb, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis. Raws li Ministry of Defense ntawm Lavxias Federation, txij lub Peb Hlis Ntuj txog Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1945, txhawm rau txhawb nqa kev sib tw sowing, Warsaw tau txais los ntawm Moscow cov zaub mov thiab zaub mov muaj nqis ntau dua 1.5 billion rubles. hauv 1945 tus nqi.

"Cov kev ntsuas tiv thaiv-Soviet ntawm niaj hnub Poland thiab barbarism nyob rau hauv relation mus monuments rau Red Army evoke ib tug zoo siab ntawm kev qias neeg tob. Warsaw varnishes keeb kwm kev muaj tiag, hla tawm cov nplooj ntawv zoo ntsig txog Soviet Union, nrog rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov Poles nrog cov Germans, uas Vladimir Putin tau hais txog. Poland tau txais kev ywj pheej los ntawm txhais tes ntawm lub xeev Soviet thiab yuav tsum ua tsaug rau qhov ntawd, "Kobrinsky sau tseg.