Berserker npau taws tau mus txog los ntawm cov tshuaj psychoactive

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Kev nruj kev tsiv ntawm cov berserkers thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev txais tos ntawm dub henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), thiab tsis broths los ntawm ya agarics, raws li yav tas los xav. Ib tug ethnobotanist los ntawm Slovenia tuaj rau qhov xaus, uas piv cov tsos mob paub zoo ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm psychoactive tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv amanita nrog rau kev txiav txim ntawm alkaloids ntawm dub henbane thiab lwm yam nightshades. Txoj kev tshawb no tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv Phau ntawv Journal of Ethnopharmacology.

Berserkers yog Scandinavian cov tub rog uas, nws ntseeg, thaum sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv ib qho kev hloov ntawm kev nco qab: nyob rau hauv ib tug haum ntawm npau taws heev lawv tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm cov phooj ywg thiab foes, rub tawm lawv cov khaub ncaws thiab armor, xav tias yuav luag tsis muaj mob thiab supposedly invulnerable., qw nrov nrov, chattered lawv cov hniav thiab tom cov ntaub thaiv npog. Berserkers tau paub txog thaum xyoo pua 12th: tom qab Norway tau los ua cov ntseeg siab, cov lus hais rau lawv ploj mus hauv cov ntaub ntawv kev ntseeg.

Lub laj thawj tseeb rau tus cwj pwm ntawm cov berserkers no tsis paub, tab sis txij li thaum xyoo pua 18th, nws tau ntseeg tias cov berserkers tau noj lossis haus ib lub decoction ntawm yoov agarics, cov khoom uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo sib xws: tsis meej pem, hnov lus, tshee, hyperthermia, delirium, nrog rau ntuav thiab raws plab thiab feem ntau ua rau tuag taus.

Karsten Fatur ntawm University of Ljubljana tau mob siab rau qhov tseeb tias kev noj yoov agarics tsis piav qhia qhov npau taws uas tau ntsib los ntawm berserkers hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, vim tias yuav luag tsis muaj pov thawj hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb uas noj yoov agarics ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim. Tus so ntawm cov cim qhia zoo sib xws, tab sis nws tsis zoo li tias Vikings siv cov nceb kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig tsis tshua muaj, thaum tau txais lwm tus uas tsis tsim nyog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Fatur, uas tab tom kawm nightshade nroj tsuag uas muaj anticholinergic (cuam tshuam kev ua hauj lwm ntawm acetylcholine) alkaloids, muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ib tug tshiab hypothesis uas qhia txog kev siv cov dub henbane los ntawm berserkers. Lub henbane muaj hyoscyamine, atropine thiab scopolamine - alkaloids nrog anticholinergic zog. Cov tebchaw no ua rau tsis meej pem, hnov qab, qhov ncauj qhuav, cov menyuam kawm ntawv dilated, txo qis concentration, hyperthermia, tsis muaj peev xwm sib txuas lus, kev nco tsis zoo, thiab txo qis rau qhov mob.

Helen tau siv dav hauv Tebchaws Europe los ua tshuaj - txij li thaum ancient sij hawm nws tau siv los ua ib qho mob thiab ua tshuaj rau insomnia. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm Nrab Hnub nyoog, henbane tau siv los ua tus nqi pheej yig ntawm kev hloov kev nco qab rau kev ua si: tsis zoo li cawv, piv txwv li, cov nroj tsuag no tsis tas yuav yuav.

Tam sim no cov khoom ntawm henbane muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj rau kev mob kev nkeeg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus sau sau, haum ntawm kev npau taws npau taws heev yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv henbane: cov pov thawj ntawm qhov no tau khaws cia txawm tias nyob hauv cov lus dab neeg thiab lus ntawm cov neeg European. Piv txwv li, hauv Serbo-Croatian cov lus qhia "buniti", muab los ntawm lub zos lub npe rau henena "bunika", txhais tau tias "sib ntaus, tawm tsam," thiab cov lus, uas txhais tau tias "zoo li lawv noj Hyoscyamus niger," yog. siv los piav txog cov neeg npau taws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab muaj ib qho kev qhia "henbane overeat".

Cov txiaj ntsig tau piav qhia tau zoo ib yam li cov uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj yoov agaric, tab sis henbane muab qhov tseem ceeb rau berserkers: nce qhov mob thiab poob rau hauv npau taws heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xeev tsis meej pem tshwm sim los ntawm alkaloids ntawm nightshade, uas kuj nyob rau hauv henbane, tib neeg feem ntau tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm lub ntsej muag, thiab qhov no yuav piav qhia yog vim li cas berserkers tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab lwm tus neeg.

Berserkers tseem tuaj yeem rhais lawv cov khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm henbane: raws li tus sau ntawm txoj haujlwm, nws tus kheej tau pom ntau dua ib zaug li cas tib neeg siv cov nroj tsuag anticholinergic nightshade rau kev ua si thiab sab ntsuj plig lub hom phiaj ua tib yam.

Tus sau kuj hais txog cov pov thawj archaeological: ib tug poj niam lub faus tau pom nyob rau hauv Denmark, nyob rau hauv uas pom ib lub hnab ntawm bleached. Nws ntseeg tau tias tus poj niam muaj ib yam dab tsi ua nrog kev pe hawm pagan, yog li nws muaj peev xwm hais tias henbane xav tau rau kev ua koob tsheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, archaeological pom tau hais tias henbane tau nthuav dav hauv Scandinavia txij thaum pib ntawm peb lub sijhawm, thiab los ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog nws tau dhau los ua cov nroj tsuag loj hlob nyob txhua qhov chaw.

Tus kws sau ntawv lees tias nws qhov kev xav tsis tau piav qhia vim li cas cov berserkers chattered lawv cov hniav thiab tsoo daim thaiv. Tej zaum, nws hais tias, lawv tsuas yog txias tsis muaj khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv Scandinavian huab cua, thiab lawv tshee hnyo: nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov tom ntawm daim ntaub thaiv npog yuav tsum tau soothe lub chattering ntawm lawv cov hniav. Fatour tseem qhia meej tias nws txoj kev tshawb fawb tsuas yog kev sim nkag siab txog qhov teeb meem, rau kev daws teeb meem uas cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm, keeb kwm thiab biologists yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev txiav txim siab.

Peb twb tau sau txog yuav ua li cas tib neeg ua tiav lub xeev hloov ntawm kev nco qab ua ntej. Piv txwv li, Indians siv rau qhov no lwm nightshade nroj tsuag - datur. Tom qab siv nws, lawv tuaj yeem noj cov nab lom - tejzaum nws ua rau kev ua koob tsheej.