USSR pab Nazis yav tom ntej

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Kev sib raug zoo thiab ntau yam kev ua tub rog-kev koom tes ntawm ob lub xeev tau tso tseg tom qab Nazis tau los ua lub zog hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Rogue lub teb chaws

Archive duab

Tom qab kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib, cov tub rog German, ib zaug muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe, yog qhov pom kev tsis txaus ntseeg. Raws li cov nqe lus ntawm Versailles Peace Treaty, nws cov lej raug txwv rau 100 txhiab tus tub rog. Cov neeg German raug txwv tsis pub muaj tub rog, tub rog aviation, submarine nkoj, thiab tseem koom nrog kev tshawb fawb tub rog thiab kev tsim kho.

Txawm li cas los xij, Reichswehr, raws li cov tub rog ntawm Weimar Republic tau raug hu, yuav tsis tso nws txoj hmoo phem. Cov tub rog German tau txiav txim siab los tsim lawv cov tub rog, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov no hauv German thaj chaw nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ze ntawm Cov Phooj Ywg.

Archive duab

Kev daws tau sai sai pom: Lub teb chaws Yelemees tig mus rau Soviet Russia nrog kev koom tes. Lub teb chaws tsis ncaj ncees no, tsuas yog muaj txoj sia nyob hauv Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thiab kev cuam tshuam txawv teb chaws, tau nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov xeev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab tsis tau lees paub los ntawm ib lub hwj chim loj hauv ntiaj teb. Raws li tus thawj coj ntawm Reichswehr, Hans von Seeckt, tau sau tseg tias: "Kev so ntawm Versailles diktat tsuas yog ua tiav los ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog Russia muaj zog."

Moscow zoo siab los rhuav tshem qhov kev thaiv no los ntawm kev tsim kev sib cuag nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev koom tes ua tub rog nrog cov tub rog German tseem muaj peev xwm tseem ceeb heev rau kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Red Army.

Hla kev txwv

Kev sib tham ntawm kev sib koom ua tub rog ntawm Moscow thiab Berlin tau pib ua ntej kawg ntawm kev tsov rog Soviet-Polish (1919-1921). Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev sib tham txog kev sib koom ua tub rog-kev nom kev tswv.

Hans von Seeckt nrog cov tub ceev xwm Reichswehr - Bundesarchiv

Nyob rau hauv 1922, nyob rau hauv lub me me Italian lub zos ntawm Rapallo, lub Germans thiab Bolsheviks pom zoo kom rov qab kev sib raug zoo diplomatic. Thaum cov kev pom zoo nyiaj txiag tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem, kev sib tham tsis raug cai mus rau kev koom tes hauv kev cob qhia tub rog, cov neeg ua haujlwm tank thiab kev tsim riam phom tshuaj.

Yog li ntawd, ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv zais cia hauv German, kev cob qhia thiab kev tshawb fawb tub rog tau tshwm sim hauv Russia xyoo 1920. Tsoom fwv ntawm Weimar Republic tsis skimp rau lawv cov txij nkawm thiab txhua xyoo faib txog li kaum feem pua ntawm lub teb chaws cov peev nyiaj tub rog rau qhov no.

Soviet-German kev koom tes ua tub rog tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm kev tsis pub lwm tus paub. Txawm hais tias Berlin xav tau nws ntau dua li Moscow. Nyob rau hauv 1928, lub Soviet plenipotentiary nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, Nikolai Krestinsky, tau sau ntawv rau Stalin: "Los ntawm lub xeev txoj kev xav, peb tsis ua dab tsi cuam tshuam rau ib qho kev cog lus los yog cov qauv ntawm kev cai lij choj thoob ntiaj teb. Ntawm no cov neeg German tau ua txhaum cai Versailles Treaty, thiab lawv yuav tsum ntshai tsam raug, lawv yuav tsum xav txog kev koom ua ke."

Cov khoom "Lipetsk"

Yam khoom "Lipetsk" - German Aviation School - Bundesarchiv

Nyob rau hauv 1925, lub German aviation lub tsev kawm ntawv tau zais zais nyob ze Lipetsk (kwv yees li 400 km ntawm Moscow), tag nrho cov nqi uas yog tag nrho ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Raws li cov lus pom zoo, ob tus neeg tsav dav hlau German thiab Soviet, uas tau txais kev paub dhau los ntawm lawv cov npoj yaig Western, tau kawm ntawm no.

Ntxiv nrog rau kev kawm txoj kev xav, kev sim ntawm cov dav hlau tshiab, cov cuab yeej siv dav hlau thiab riam phom tau ua tiav, cov txuj ci siv txuj ci rau kev sib ntaus sib tua huab cua tau ua tiav. Lub dav hlau tau yuav los ntawm German War Ministry los ntawm cov neeg nruab nrab ntawm peb lub tebchaws thiab xa mus rau thaj chaw ntawm USSR. Yog li, thawj pawg thawj coj yog 50 Dutch Fokker D-XIII cov neeg tua rog, tshem tawm, tuaj txog ntawm Lipetsk huab cua chaw.

Lub sijhawm cob qhia rau tus neeg tsav dav hlau German hauv USSR yog li 6 lub hlis. Lawv tuaj txog hauv Lipetsk tsis pub leej twg paub, raws li lub npe suav, hnav khaub ncaws Soviet tsis muaj insignia. Ua ntej tawm mus rau qhov chaw dav hlau dav hlau, lawv tau raug tso cai tawm ntawm Reichswehr, thaum lawv rov qab los lawv tau txais rov qab thiab rov ua haujlwm hauv qib. Cov neeg tsav dav hlau uas tuag hauv qhov kev sim tau coj mus tsev hauv cov thawv tshwj xeeb nrog cov ntawv sau "tshuab qhov chaw".

Fokker D. XIII fighters hauv Lipetsk - Bundesarchiv

Ntau tshaj li ib puas tus neeg tsav dav hlau German tau kawm hauv Lipetsk aviation tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau yim xyoo ntawm nws lub neej. Ntawm lawv yog cov nuj nqis tseem ceeb ntawm yav tom ntej Luftwaffe li Hugo Sperle, Kurt Student thiab Albert Kesselring.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1930s, ob Germans thiab Russians pib poob kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub aviation tsev kawm ntawv nyob ze Lipetsk. Cov qub, hla ntau qhov kev txwv ntawm Treaty of Versailles, twb tau ib nrab tuaj yeem npaj lawv cov tub rog ntawm lawv thaj chaw. Rau qhov kawg, tom qab Nazis los ua hwj chim hauv xyoo 1933, kev sib koom ua tub rog-kev koom tes nrog cov yeeb ncuab ideological tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, lub tsev kawm ntawv aviation raug kaw.

Yam khoom "Kama"

Kev cob qhia ntawm plywood tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm "Kama" chaw - Archival yees duab

Daim ntawv cog lus ntawm lub koom haum ntawm German tank tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub USSR tau xaus nyob rau hauv 1926, tab sis nws pib ua hauj lwm tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm 1929. Lub tsev kawm Kama nyob ze ntawm Kazan (800 km ntawm Moscow) tau raug xa mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv Soviet raws li Kev Kawm Txuj Ci Tub Rog.

"Kama" ua hauj lwm nyob rau tib lub ntsiab lus raws li "Lipetsk": ua kom tiav secrecy, nyiaj txiag feem ntau ntawm cov nyiaj ntawm lub German sab, sib koom kev cob qhia ntawm Soviet thiab German tankers. Ntawm qhov chaw cob qhia ze Kazan, lawv nquag sim cov cuab yeej cuab tam, kev sib txuas lus, kawm txog kev sib ntaus sib tua tank, camouflage, thiab kev sib cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm pawg tank.

Xyaum maneuvers ntawm "Kama" chaw - Archival yees duab

Kev sim tso tsheb hlau luam, lub npe hu ua "Big Tractors" (Grosstraktoren), tau zais cia los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm German tub rog department los ntawm lub teb chaws ua lag luam (Krupp, Rheinmetall thiab Daimler-Benz) thiab raug xa mus rau disassembled mus rau lub USSR. Cov Tub Rog Liab, rau nws feem, muab lub teeb T-18 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab British-ua Carden-Lloyd tankettes uas nws muaj.

Raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Lipetsk aviation tsev kawm ntawv, kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Kama yog tsis yooj yim sua tom qab 1933. Rau lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm nws lub neej, nws tau kawm 250 Soviet thiab German tankers. Ntawm lawv yog yav tom ntej Hero ntawm Soviet Union Lieutenant General Semyon Krivoshein, Wehrmacht General Wilhelm von Thoma thiab Heinz Guderian tus thawj coj ntawm Wolfgang Thomale.

Object "Tomka"

Cov neeg ua haujlwm German ntawm Tomka qhov chaw - Bundesarchiv

Tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog tshuaj "Tomka" nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam Saratov (900 km) yog lub feem ntau zais cia chaw ntawm lub Reichswehr nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Lub complex muaj plaub lub chaw soj nstuam, ob lub vivariums, degassing chamber, chaw nres tsheb fais fab, chaw nres tsheb thiab barracks rau vaj tse. Txhua yam khoom siv, ntau lub dav hlau thiab phom tau nyiag los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Cov neeg ua haujlwm German ntawm 25 tus neeg nyob mus ib txhis hauv "Tomka": kws tshuaj, kws tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg, pyrotechnics thiab artillerymen. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov kws tshaj lij Soviet ua cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv, uas tsis muaj kev paub dhau los ntawm kev siv riam phom tshuaj raws li lawv cov npoj yaig Western.

Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov ntau tau ua nyob rau hauv 1928-1933. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv kev txau cov kua tshuaj lom thiab tshuaj lom neeg nrog kev pab ntawm aviation thiab artillery, nrog rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm thaj chaw.

Bundesarchiv

Ntawm tag nrho lawv cov chaw nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm USSR, cov Germans tuav mus rau Tomka tshaj plaws. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov kev txwv ntawm Treaty of Versailles, thaj chaw thaj chaw kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm rau lawv: nyob rau hauv cov neeg nyob hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees me me, nws tsis yooj yim los nrhiav cov chaw sim tsim nyog rau kev sim tshuaj riam phom. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv lub Soviet sab, kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv coj ob qho tib si nyiaj txiag thiab invaluable kev, lub sij hawm nom tswv hloov mus rau qhov tseem ceeb: nyob rau hauv lub xyoo yug ntawm lub thib peb Reich, "Tomka" raug kaw.