Kevcai raus dej: 7 qhov tseeb seditious

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

1. Dashing boyars

Cov neeg keeb kwm paub qhov tseeb tias Ivan qhov txaus ntshai nyiam ua yeeb yam rau cov neeg txawv teb chaws xav tsis thoob lub siab thiab txaus ntshai ntawm nws boyars: nws ua rau lawv pov lawv lub tsho plaub thiab merrily dhia mus rau hauv lub qhov dej khov, ua txuj tias nws yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau ua qhov no tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm Orthodoxy, tab sis precisely nyob rau hauv kab lis kev cai ntawm tub rog muaj zog.

Slavic kev lig kev cai ntawm kev ua luam dej hauv lub qhov dej khov yog ib feem ntawm kev ua tub rog thaum ub ua ntej-Christian rituals, pib, pib. Txawm tias thaum ub Scythians dipped lawv cov me nyuam rau hauv dej khov, accustoming lawv mus rau qhov hnyav. Nyob rau hauv Russia, tom qab da dej, lawv nyiam plunge rau hauv dej khov dej los yog dhia mus rau hauv ib tug snowdrift.

2. Kev cai

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lub caij ntuj no daim ntawv qhia hnub, lub pagan Slavs inscribed lub cult ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv - "dzyads", thiab tag nrho cov rituals tau khi rau no cult. Cov rituals no suav nrog ntau yam ua tej yam yees siv: zaub mov tsoos, tawg nplej, kev ntshaw ntawm thawj tus qhua (polaznik), ritual plowing thiab sowing, "kev ntshai" thiab "waking" ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo, rituals nrog nqaij qaib thiab nyuj, ci ntawm ritual. qhob cij, etc.

Cov rituals cuam tshuam ncaj qha nrog cov ntsuj plig ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv suav nrog cov zaub mov ib txwm muaj nrog kev thov thiab kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov neeg tuag; Christmas bonfires, uas cov poj koob yawm txwv tau hu ua "sov", cov ntsiab lus ntawm caroling thiab mumming. Nws yog los ntawm lub tom kawg, los ntawm txoj kev, hais tias lub notorious "Santa Claus" tshwm.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau lub caij ntuj no tau txuas nrog rau lwm pab pawg rituals, uas suav nrog kev ntxuav tes nrog dej, piav qhia los ntawm kev ntseeg txog kev tsis huv ntawm lub sijhawm Christmastide thiab kev ua yeeb yam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd - hnav khaub ncaws, ua si, thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus dej, thiab lwm yam..; txhua tus neeg uas hnav khaub ncaws rau lub caij Christmas kuj ib txwm ntxuav lawv tus kheej hauv lub qhov dej khov kom ntxuav lawv tus kheej ntawm tus dab tsis huv. Feem ntau ntawm cov rituals txuam nrog da dej nyob rau hauv lub pagan kab lig kev cai yog npaj los tsav tawm thiab neutralize dab phem. Lub caij ntuj no tau suav hais tias yog lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb rau ntau tus dab tsis huv, thiab thawj zaug ntawm lawv cov haujlwm tau poob rau Christmastide.

3. Kev cai raus dej … los ntawm hluav taws

Lo lus "kev cai raus dej" rov qab mus rau lo lus qub "kres" txhais tias "hluav taws". Kresalo - flint, flint rau carving hluav taws). Yog li ntawd, "kev cai raus dej" txhais tau hais tias "kub." Thaum pib, nws tau hais txog kev pib ua kev cai dab qhuas, hu rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog rau "kindle" hauv ib tus neeg "txoj hmoo ntawm lub neej" uas nyob hauv nws los ntawm Tsev Neeg. Yog li, cov pagan rite ntawm kev cai raus dej txhais tau hais tias (los yog sib sau ua ke) ib tug neeg txoj kev npaj rau lub teb (tub rog kos duab, khoom siv tes ua).

Cia li xav txog cov kab lus "kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws", "ua kev cai raus dej", "kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws." Los yog ntawm cov lus qhia niaj hnub "ua haujlwm nrog hluav taws."

Txog rau tam sim no, nyob rau sab hnub poob, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Czech koom pheej, kev lig kev cai ntawm lub teeb bonfires rau Epiphany yog khaws cia, uas yog piav nyob rau hauv ib tug niaj hnub Christian txoj kev: supposedly, lub teeb ntawm lub "Epiphany teeb" illuminates txoj kev ntawm lub Magi..

4. Hla-Kryzh

Lo lus kev cai raus dej, ntawm chav kawm, yog ib yam derivation nrog lo lus "hloov", uas tau siv los txhais tau hais tias ob peb (tsis tas ob) kev sib tshuam crossbeams - los ntawm lo lus "hla", txhais tau hais tias ib hom hluav taws kub qhov cub (cov cav folded. nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev).

Lub npe ntawm qhov chaw pw hav zoov no tau txuas ntxiv mus rau txhua qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm cov cav, cav, cov laug cam lossis kab.

Txwv tsis pub, nws suab zoo li "kryzh". Cov kab lus ntawm cov lus niaj hnub no tseem yog lub npe ntawm lub nroog Kryzhopol (lub nroog ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig) thiab nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tshaj lij "kryzhik" - tus ntoo khaub lig (kos npe) nyob rau hauv nqe lus, cov lus qhia "kryzhit" - mus xyuas, txheeb xyuas cov nqe lus. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus East Slavic siv li no (hauv Belarusian, piv txwv li, "crusader" yog "kryzhanosets, kryzhak").

5. Dawb Huv Hla

Tsawg tus neeg paub tias muaj pov thawj tias cov ntseeg txawm thuam tus ntoo khaub lig ua lub cim pagan.

Raws li rau tus ntoo khaub lig, peb tsis venerate lawv tag nrho: peb cov ntseeg tsis xav tau lawv; Nws yog koj, pagans, koj uas ntoo mlom yog dawb huv, koj pe hawm ntoo khaub lig.

Christian sau Felix Manutius, uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 3rd AD. (TSI)

Thiab qhov no yog lwm hom kev ua phem rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb - lawv ua kev cai raus dej nrog rab riam, thiab lawv ua kev cai raus dej nrog lub khob nrog lwm yam - thiab lawv ua nws zoo li kev qias neeg.

Chudovsky sau "Cov lus hais txog cov mlom", XIV xyoo pua (kev sib tham TI)

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, tus sau ntawm cov lus qhia medieval decisively tawm tsam tus ntoo khaub lig-zoo li kos npe rau ntawm ritual khob cij-koloboks thiab tshaj ib tug ladle ntawm npias, xav tias nws yog ib tug pagan relic. “Tus kws sau cov lus qhuab qhia pom tseeb paub. - sau ntawv yog B. A. Rybakov, - hais tias daim duab ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm lub khob cij muaj los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd yam tsawg kawg yog ib txhiab xyoo "tsheb ciav hlau" kev lig kev cai.

6. Kev cai raus dej ntawm Rus

Lub hauv paus nkaus xwb los ntawm cov kev cai ntawm kev cai raus dej ntawm Rus pib yog Radziwil (Konigsberg) Chronicle, uas yog ib feem ntawm Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Bygone Xyoo.

Nws tau sau rau ntawm xyoo pua 15th Polish-ua ntawv thiab muaj 618 daim duab kos. Tam sim no lawv hu nws comics. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab tsis yog vim peb tsis paub txog lwm yam kev piav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm lub sijhawm no.

Nyob rau hauv cov duab kos nyob rau hauv Byzantine style, koj tuaj yeem pom lub ru tsev Gothic, European dresses thiab headdresses ntawm Princess, Western European tub rog armor, ntaj, shields, crossbows, cannons, heralds nyob rau hauv ob-tone suits, thiab ntau ntxiv, uas. tsis tau muaj nyob rau hauv Russia.

"Thiab Vladimir pib ua vaj ntxwv nyob rau hauv Kiev ib leeg," hais tias lub keeb kwm, "thiab muab cov mlom tso rau saum toj tom qab lub terem lub tshav puam: ntoo Perun nrog lub taub hau nyiaj thiab kub hnyiab, ces Khors, Dazhdbog, Stirbog, Simargl thiab Mokosh. Thiab lawv tau coj kev txi rau lawv, hu lawv ua vajtswv … Thiab lub tebchaws Lavxias thiab lub roob ntawd tau qias neeg nrog ntshav …"

Tom qab ntawd muaj ib zaj dab neeg hais txog yuav ua li cas Vladimir hu Muslims, cov neeg Yudais, "Germans los ntawm Rome", Byzantine Christians rau Kiev thiab, tau mloog cov lus sib cav ntawm txhua tus neeg tiv thaiv ntawm nws txoj kev ntseeg, nyob rau hauv Byzantine Orthodoxy (los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. ntawm Khazar Kaganate, thiab kev xaiv ntawm Kagan Bulan txoj kev ntseeg, kuj siv zaj dab neeg no ntawm kev hu cov tub txib "ntawm txhua txoj kev ntseeg").

Qhov canonical version no tsuas yog ua raws li ib qho chaw xwb. Nplooj ntawv no yog tus ua tiav phau ntawv qhia ntawm Cov Pab Pawg Sib ThamCov. Thiab txij thaum ntawd los, qhov phem tshaj plaws heresy yog suav tias yog nyob rau hauv tsis ntseeg.

7. Kev cai raus dej ntawm Rus hauv kev kawm txawv teb chaws

Nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws qhov chaw ntawm X-XI centuries, cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau pom cov pov thawj ntawm kev cai raus dej ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv 988. Piv txwv li, cov keeb kwm medieval Fyodor Fortinsky nyob rau hauv 1888 - nyob rau hauv lub ua ntej ntawm lub 900th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Vladimir txoj kev cai raus dej - tau ua hauj lwm dav, tab tom nrhiav rau me ntsis lus qhia ntawm xws li ib tug tseem ceeb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv European qhov chaw. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau txheeb xyuas Polish, Czech, Hungarian, German, Italian chronicles. Qhov tshwm sim ua rau nws xav tsis thoob: tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov ntawv muaj tsawg kawg yog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev txais yuav cov ntseeg los ntawm Russia thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th.