Maslenitsa. Los yog rau niam tais rau pancakes

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Hauv kev lig kev cai qub ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo: lub caij ntuj no (Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 22) thiab lub caij ntuj sov (Lub Rau Hli 22) solstices, caij nplooj ntoos hlav (Lub Peb Hlis 22) thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg (Lub Cuaj Hli 22) equinoxes tau ua ke rau hauv lub cim "Cross of xyoo". Qhov kev txiav txim siab no tau lees paub los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm "Vlesovaya Kniga", uas hais txog plaub hnub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo: Kolyada, Yaro, Krasnaya Gora thiab Ovseni (Me thiab Loj).

Carols, tau kawg, yog peb lub caij ntuj no Christmastide nrog cov nkauj ua yeeb yam - "carols" thiab mummers ua yeeb yam - "carols", "carols". Lo lus "Kolyada" ("pounding", uas yog, muab lub voj voog "yog ncaj qha ntsig txog kev ua tiav ntawm lub voj voog ntawm Vajtswv hnub, thaum hmo ntuj ntawm Vajtswv, uas xaus rau hmo ntuj ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 21-22, yog. hloov los ntawm Hnub Tshiab ntawm Vajtswv, pib lub Kaum Ob Hlis 22nd. Tag nrho lub caij ntuj no Christmas (Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 19 - Lub Ib Hlis 19) yog muab rau kev pe hawm Vajtswv lub teeb - tus tsim ntawm lub ntiaj teb, uas peb cov poj koob yawm txwv hu ua Txoj Cai Hloov Kho. los yog yawm txiv, piv txwv li cov uas tau koom nrog Txoj Cai Tsis Txaus Siab ntawm Cosmic Li no, Lub Caij Ntuj Sov Christmas yog lub sij hawm ntawm kev pe hawm tus Tswv Tsim Kev Txawj Ntse, suav nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub voj voog txhua xyoo thiab ntsib lub Colo-Sun tshiab.

Yaro lossis Yarilin hnub (Kupalo) - Lub Rau Hli 22 - lub caij ntuj sov so thiab pib hmo ntuj ntawm Vajtswv. Peb tseem tsis tau tham txog nws. Peb tsuas yog nco ntsoov tias qhov no yog hnub so ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, cov neeg uas yuav tsum tau nrhiav ib tus khub thiab dhau qhov kev xeem los ntawm Divine Fire rau txoj cai sib yuav nrog lawv xaiv lossis xaiv. Thiab, tau nkag mus rau hauv kev sib yuav, ua tiav txoj cai cosmic ntawm reincarnation, muab txoj sia rau cov neeg tshiab - menyuam yaus.

Cov hnub so tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tom ntej hauv cov npe ntawm "Forest Book" yog Krasnaya Gora, ua raws li Ovsen (Avsen, Usen, Tausen), i.e. hnub so ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg equinox. Tab sis ntawm no peb nres ntawm qhov tsis sib xws - hnub no lub Roob Liab tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog vernal equinox. Hnub so ze rau hnub tim no - Lub Peb Hlis 22, peb tsis muaj txhua. Txawm li cas los xij, nws paub los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm hais tias ua ntej lub voj voog xws li Maslenitsa (lossis Maslyanitsa) tsis yog ib lub lis piam, tab sis tag nrho lub hlis, pib lub Ob Hlis 20 thiab xaus rau lub Peb Hlis 21. Krasnaya Gora hnub no yog hnub so ntawm Easter plaub caug hnub. Feem ntau, Red Mountain hu ua Fomin's Sunday (tom ntej tom qab Easter), lossis thawj peb hnub ntawm Fomin lub lim tiam (xws li hnub Sunday), lossis tag nrho Fomin lub lim tiam. Tus ethnographer IP Sakharov sau nyob rau hauv 1848 hais tias "Red Roob nyob rau hauv Russia yog thawj lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav caij nplooj ntoos hlav.

Tig mus rau Maslenitsa, peb tuaj yeem nco txog qhov xwm txheej coj txawv txawv uas lub npe qub ntawm lub hnub so no tsis paub rau peb txog thaum tsis ntev los no. "Generous Shrovetide, rog Shrovetide", thiab lwm yam. Tsuas yog hais txog qhov muaj cov khoom noj ritual - pancakes thiab butter. Thiab tsis muaj ntxiv lawm. "Vlesova Kniga" muab txhua yam nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw. Thiab niaj hnub no peb muaj peev xwm ntseeg tau tias thaum ub dawb ceev Roob Liab thiab peb Shrovetide yog ib qho thiab tib yam. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nws yog thaum lub sij hawm Roj Lub Limtiam uas cov newlyweds mus rau lawv "niam-hauv-txoj cai rau pancakes". Niam tais, nyob rau hauv lub archaic kev lig kev cai, tsis yog tsuas yog tus poj niam niam, tab sis kuj yog tus poj niam hlob nyob rau hauv lub tsev. Ib zaj nkauj ua yeeb yam (Vologda Oblast) hais txog tsob ntoo Oak uas "tus noog zaum, nws yog kuv niam tais, nws grazed nees." Archaeologist E. V. Kuzmina sau tseg tias "tus nees ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm niam vajtswv poj niam." Nyob rau hauv Indo-European kev lig kev cai, cov duab ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam - tus poj niam ntawm nees tau dav. "Nws tau sawv cev ntawm ob tus neeg caij nees", qhia txog qhov tsis sib xws - lub neej thiab kev tuag, uas tus vajtswv poj niam - Niam yog tswj hwm. Qee zaum, tsis yog cov neeg caij nees, tsuas yog ob tus nees tau piav qhia - dub thiab dawb. Nco ntsoov tias ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj yeeb yuj rituals ntawm Maslenitsa yog lub rite ntawm caij nyob ib ncig ntawm horseback thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug sleigh.

Nws yog tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv ancient Greek kev lig kev cai, nyob rau hauv nws cov feem ntau archaic feem, Zeus (Dyaus), lub taub hau ntawm lub pantheon ntawm vajtswv, yog personified nyob rau hauv daim duab ntawm ntoo qhib los ntawm dej (Zeus ntawm Dodonsky). Thiab nws tus ntxhais, lub embodiment ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab kev paub dawb ceev Athena, tawm ntawm lub taub hau ntawm Zeus thiab hu ua Owl, txij li thaum nws zoomorphic incarnation yog ib tug plas. Cov duab ntawm ib tug plas nyob rau hauv lub Vologda ritual zaj nkauj yog ntau archaic tshaj lub ancient Greek ib tug, vim hais tias ntawm no nws tsis yog ib tug hluas nkauj - ib tug tub rog, tab sis ib tug foremother - ib tug niam tais. Nco ntsoov tias owl yog ib tug noog nocturnal txuam nrog cov hnub qub tshaj plaws ntawm lunar cult, thiab Foremother yog tus uas embodies divine xav nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no manifested. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab qaum teb, nyob rau hauv lub archaeological sites ntawm lub Mesolithic (10-7 txhiab BC), cov duab ntawm cov poj niam ua los ntawm pob zeb thiab pob txha, xaus nrog ib tug owl lub taub hau, feem ntau pom.

Thiab, thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ritual hais txog kev npaj rau lub tshoob, tus menyuam ntsuag nkauj ntsuag hais nws niam tuag, hu nws "Kuv Liab KrasiGora".

Shrovetide tsis yog tsuas yog ib lub voj voog festive txuam nrog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Foremother - Liab Roob, nws tseem yog ib qho kev ua koob tsheej ntawm kev qhuas ntawm newlyweds uas tau sib yuav xyoo tas los. Nws yog rau lawv, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub roob dej khov tau tsim, los ntawm txhua tus hluas nkauj, tom qab hnia peb zaug, yuav tsum tau swb.

Yog li, Maslenitsa - Liab Roob ntawm "Vlesova Kniga" yog ib lub voj voog ritual uas tau mob siab rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm - lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm leej niam ntawm lub ntiaj teb, nrog rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm rau kev tshwm sim ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb - cov hluas nkauj txij nkawm.

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, Xyoo Tshiab (ua liaj ua teb) pib nrog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav equinox - hmo ntuj ntawm lub Peb Hlis 21-22. Nws yog rau lub sij hawm no uas lub rituals ntawm Maslenitsa tau teem sij hawm - "lub tsuas loj pre-Christian hnub caiv uas tsis yog lub sij hawm rau coincide nrog ib tug Christian hnub caiv thiab tsis tau txais ib tug tshiab txhais lus." Lub keeb kwm ntawm Maslenitsa rites tau lees paub los ntawm qhov tseeb tias hnub so no (hauv ib daim ntawv lossis lwm qhov) tau muaj sia nyob ntawm ntau haiv neeg Indo-European. Yog li, hauv Switzerland, Maslenitsa yog txuam nrog kev hnav khaub ncaws. Cov no yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, txaus ntshai lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm uas yog txuam nrog ancient kev ntseeg. Cov no muaj xws li "pam pa", "motley", "shaggy", los yog "tawm ntawm lub chimney" (nyob rau hauv kev ntseeg, naj hoom nkag los ntawm lub chimney). Rau hnub so, pleev xim rau ntoo qhov ncauj qhov ntswg tau ua nrog cov hniav tsis muaj hniav thiab cov ntaub plaub thiab plaub, uas ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob. Cov tsos ntawm cov mummers ntawm txoj kev tau ua ntej los ntawm lub suab nrov ntawm lub tswb dai ntawm lawv txoj siv sia. Cov mummers tau tuav ntev sticks nrog txuas cov hnab tshauv thiab soot. Cov suab uas lawv ua yog zoo li qw, qw, lossis grunts. Raws li Swiss ethnographers R. Weiss, K. Hansemann thiab K. Meili, cov npog ntsej muag no tau ua haujlwm rau lub sijhawm thaum ub ua lub cim ntawm cov neeg tuag, tau cuam tshuam nrog kev ntseeg ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv thiab koom nrog txiv neej lub koom haum. Cov mummers smeared cov uas yuav los nrog soot los yog doused lawv nrog dej - kev ua cuam tshuam yav dhau los nrog cov khawv koob ntawm fertility.

Nyob rau hauv teb chaws Poland, cov mummers hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv inverted casings, thiab coj "turonya" thiab "tshis" nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tshav puam. Lawv kuj smeared soot rau ntawm lawv lub ntsej muag.

Maslenitsa processions ntawm mummers tau muaj nyob rau hauv Czechoslovakia. Hauv Slovakia, qhov kev coj ua no tau coj los ntawm Turon. Cov mummers smeared cov passers-by nrog soot thiab sprinkled nrog tshauv.

Nyob rau hauv Yugoslavia, mummers hnav khaub ncaws sheepskin, nrog plaub sab nraum, "decorated" nrog pos ceg, tsiaj tails, tswb. Cov npog ntsej muag tau ua los ntawm tawv, ntoo, thiab txawm tias hlau. Ntawm cov qhov ncauj qhov ntswg zoomorphic, qhov ncauj qhov ntswg nrog horns yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub ntsej muag thiab lub tswb tau txais los ntawm leej txiv mus rau tus tub.

Hauv tebchaws Netherlands, ntawm Shrovetide, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb sau cov nees tsis sib haum. Lawv ua tib zoo ntxuav, thiab cov paj ci paj yog woven rau hauv lawv cov manes thiab tails. Tom qab ntawd cov neeg tuaj koom ntawm hnub so tau nce nees thiab dhia mus rau ntug hiav txwv, thiab tus nees yuav tsum tsau nws txhais taw.

Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, mummers thiab cov ntxhais siv rau lub plav thiab taug kev nrog nws mus rau tag nrho cov alleys ntawm lub nroog. Nyob rau hauv Munich, thaum hloov cov neeg tua tsiaj rau cov neeg ua haujlwm rau cov neeg ua haujlwm rau Hnub Monday, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau hnav cov yaj cov plaub uas tau txiav nrog calf tails. Lawv sim ua kom txhua tus neeg nyob ib puag ncig nrog dej los ntawm tus ciav. Lub ntsiab lus qub ntawm cov kev ua no yog ib qho kev ua kom muaj menyuam.

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov roj mummers feem ntau suav nrog cov txij nkawm lossis ib tug nraug vauv thiab tus nkauj nyab, thiab cov khoom ua ntej ntawm lub tshoob ceremony kuj suav nrog. (Celibacy ntawm cov neeg feem ntau pom tau tias yog ib tug lwm yam uas yuav cuam tshuam rau fertility ntawm av). Nyob rau hauv cov roj seev cev ntawm cov neeg Luzhich, nws tau ntseeg hais tias ib tug yuav tsum seev cev briskly, dhia siab, thiaj li hais tias flax tau yug los siab.

Hauv Serbia, Montenegro thiab Macedonia, tom qab noj mov roj, thaum tag nrho tsev neeg tau sib sau ua ke, lawv dai ib lub qe boiled rau ntawm ib txoj hlua saum lub rooj thiab swayed nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog: txhua tus neeg tam sim no sim kov nws nrog lawv daim di ncauj lossis cov hniav.. Lawv ntseeg hais tias qhov no kev cai ua rau muaj kev sau qoob loo zoo, nce cov tsiaj nyeg thiab nqaij qaib.

Nyob rau hauv Slovenia, ntawm Shrovetide, txhua leej txhua tus, cov laus thiab cov hluas, yuav tsum seev cev thiab dhia nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kom lub turnip loj hlob zoo, thiab lub siab dua cov seev cev dhia, ntau ntau sau tau. Rau tib lub hom phiaj, cov mummers seev cev thiab dhia. Nws tau ntseeg tias kev ua viav vias ntawm lub viav vias, ntawm cov hlua khi los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, lossis ncaj qha rau ntawm cov ceg ntoo, kuj tseem txhawb nqa lub ntiaj teb fertility, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tib neeg thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm kev phem rog.

Hauv ntau qhov chaw hauv Slovenia, cov tais diav uas siv rau hnub kawg ntawm Maslenitsa tsis tau ntxuav, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm sowing lawv sown los ntawm lawv - lawv ntseeg hais tias qhov no yuav coj ib tug nplua nuj sau. Thiab, thaum kawg, hauv Bulgaria thaum lub sij hawm cheese lub lim tiam lawv swayed ntawm lub viav vias, uas, raws li kev ntseeg, coj kev noj qab haus huv. Tag nrho lub lim tiam uas cheesy, cov tub hluas thiab cov ntxhais tawm ntawm lub zos nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, zaum ntawm ib qho chaw theem, tig mus rau sab hnub tuaj, thiab hu nkauj. Tom qab ntawd lawv muaj kev seev cev ib puag ncig thiab txuas ntxiv hu nkauj ntawm kev hlub cov ntsiab lus. Cov lus piav qhia pej xeem rau kev cai yog "rau fertility thiab noj qab haus huv."

Tag nrho cov lus tseeb no qhia tau hais tias Maslenitsa, raws li hnub so ntawm lub xyoo pib - caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tau coj rov qab nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm Indo-European, tsis pub dhau lub lem ntawm lub 4th - 3rd xyoo txhiab BC. Qhov no yog pov thawj tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm cov kab lig kev cai ntawm cov neeg European, khaws cia txog rau tam sim no, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov kab lig kev cai ntawm Is Nrias teb, uas tau los ntawm ancient sij hawm.

Nyob rau hauv ancient Indian rituals, ntau lub ntsiab ntawm Maslenitsa (thiab tom qab Easter) tau taug qab nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov hnub so ci tshaj plaws nyob rau ciam teb ntawm lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav - Holi, uas tau ua kev zoo siab rau lub Ob Hlis-Lub Peb Hlis (qhov kawg ntawm lub caij txias). N. R. Guseva hais txog qhov ntawd "tag nrho cov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov hnub so yog sib cais los ntawm cov khawv koob ntawm fertility thiab keeb kwm rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm ua ntej Indian ntawm lub neej ntawm Aryans. Ritual thiab tej yam yees siv manifestations txuam nrog vernal equinox, muaj ib tug cwj pwm tsis tshua ze rau Easter, mus ncaj qha rov qab mus rau paganism, uas tig mus rau hauv lub Easter ritual ntawm cov Slavic haiv neeg. "Raws li ib tug piv txwv ntawm xws li ib tug rituals ntawm Easter thiab Holi, NR ntawm cov Indians. Ntxiv mus: "nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si cov neeg. thiab lwm yam, liab yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv los ua cov xim ntawm cov neeg thiab tsiaj txhu, thiab qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov seem ntawm cov khawv koob ntawm fertility. Ntawm cov kev coj ua ritual Cov no yog ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev coj cwj pwm tshwm sim uas, pom tau hais tias, tsim nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm: hu nkauj obscene nkauj ntawm erotic ntsiab lus, ua fertility seev cev, haus dej cawv, npaj ritual zaub mov los ntawm khob noom cookie thiab tsev cheese. Holi yuav tsum hlawv lub Holiki effigy, uas yog ua los ntawm straw. khaws cov nyom, quav cab, tej qub txeeg qub teg, nyuj dung. Lub qhov cub hluav taws kub hnyiab nrog hluav taws uas sawv daws tuaj hauv tsev, thiab txhua leej txhua tus seev cev nyob ib ncig ntawm nws.

Tab sis, raws li Lavxias teb sab kev lig kev cai, nyob rau Shrovetide nws tau tso cai rau hu nkauj ua qias neeg tag nrho ntawm erotic allusions. VK Sokolova sau tias: "Nyob rau ntawm kev hais lus rau Maslenitsa ntawm tus dej Tavda, cov thawj coj tseem ceeb stripped liab qab thiab ua txuj mus ntxuav hauv da dej. Nyob rau hauv Ishim koog tsev kawm ntawv 60 xyoo dhau los muaj ib tug "Maslenitsa huab tais" uas ua "hais lus nyob rau hauv lub costume ntawm Adas". Nws yog qhov nthuav kom nco ntsoov tias lawv raug nthuav tawm txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav hnyav, thiab qhov no tsis yog los ntawm cov tub hluas, tsis yog cov neeg tsis muaj zog, tab sis los ntawm cov neeg laus saib xyuas. " Cov straw los ntawm kev nyiag los ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig, ib tug effigy ntawm Maslenitsa, zoo li Kholiki, yog ua los ntawm straw thiab hlawv, nyob rau hauv lub xeev Vologda, xws li ib tug rite tau dav nyob rau hauv Kadnikovsky, Vologda, Kubensky thiab Nikolsky koog tsev kawm ntawv, kuj smeared nrog soot thiab sprinkled nrog tshauv thiab. tshauv ntawm tag nrho cov neeg koom nyob rau hauv lub ceremony. In Indian kev lig kev cai, muaj ib tug kev cai thaum lub sij hawm Holi coj ib tug puv tes ntawm cov tshauv los ntawm hluav taws, sprinkle nws nyob rau hauv pem teb nyob rau hauv lub tsev thiab pov ib tug pinch. thiab tshauv rau hauv ib leeg.

Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Maslenitsa hauv Lavxias North tau ntau yam. Yog li V. K. Sokolova, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog nyob ntawm tej Maslenitsa, sau cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:

1. Teeb pom kev zoo
2. Pom tawm - pam tuag
3. Kev lis kev cai cuam tshuam nrog newlyweds
4. Caij nees thiab caij ice roob
5. Festive noj mov - pancakes
6. Nco txog cov niam txiv uas ncaim mus lawm.

Teeb pom kev zoo

Qee cov ntawv ceeb toom hais tias cov khoom siv rau qhov hluav taws kub yuav tsum raug nyiag. Nws yog qhov ua tau tias qhov no yog qhov qub qub - khaws txhua yam rau qhov hluav taws kub dawb ceev hauv kev zais cia (xws li kev cai tau pom thaum khaws cov ntaub ntawv rau Kupala bonfires ntawm Ukrainians thiab Belarusians). Cov khoom siv hluav taws kub hnyiab tau coj mus rau hauv qhov chaw poob, mus rau ib lub toj, thiab hluav taws tau taws thaum tsaus ntuj. Raws li kev cai ntawm kev nyiag khoom rau hluav taws, lawv kuj tau pib nyiag cav rau ib qho dej khov swb - "coils". Qhov no tau ua nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Kokshenga, Nikolsky koog tsev kawm ntawv, Vologda xeev.

Pom tawm - pam tuag

Shrovetide yog hnub so nrog rau kev ua koob tsheej nco txog cov neeg tuag. Lub fistfights uas tau tuav ntawm Shrovetide kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua koob tsheej nco txog. Bonfires uas hlawv ntawm Shrovetide (los ntawm cov quav cab thiab cov khoom qub) kuj nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm txuam nrog cov cult ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv, txij li thaum nws tau ntseeg hais tias ritually ib tug neeg. tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tuag rau straw. Ntawm cov cim ntawm Shrovetide (nrog rau Christmastide) yuav tsum tau: cov poj koob yawm txwv ("cov txwj laus", "tuag"), neeg txawv txawv ("buggars"). Lawv yog cov uas “faus cov neeg tuag”, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov txiv neej. Tag nrho cov ntxhais raug yuam kom hnia nws ntawm daim di ncauj. Qhov kev pabcuam ntees tuag no tau hais ntau zaus hauv kev cog lus "square" tshaj plaws, uas yog ritual thiab, nws tau ntseeg, pab txhawb rau fertility. Cov mummers hnav khaub ncaws tattered, rags, nyob rau hauv tattered fur tsho tiv no, txuas humps ("cov laus"), npog lawv tus kheej nrog ib tug canopy ("nees"), smeared nrog thee thiab soot. Thaum mus txog ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab, lawv seev cev nyob ntsiag to los yog xyaum lub suab nrov thiab suab seev suab paj nruag nrog lawv lub suab. Cov mummers tuaj yeem caij ncig lub zos ntawm tus pas txhuam hniav, ntawm kev tuav.

Kev lis kev cai cuam tshuam nrog newlyweds

DK Zelenin ntseeg hais tias qee lub ntsiab lus ntawm Maslenitsa rituals "ua tim khawv rau qhov tseeb tias ib zaug hnub so no coincided nrog lub sijhawm tshoob. Nws tau sau tseg tias Vyunishnik, uas yog, hu nkauj nrog kev zoo siab rau newlyweds, hauv qee qhov chaw kuj poob rau Shrovetide. Ib qho ntawm feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub XIX - thaum ntxov XX caug xyoo. kev lis kev cai - caij cov newlyweds los ntawm lub roob ntawm ib tug sled "dov". Kev caij ski ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas los ntawm cov roob dej khov tau ruaj khov tshwj xeeb hauv Lavxias North (Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Olonets xeev). Qhov kev skating no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no. Tus hluas, raws li txoj cai, tau nce lub roob, nyo hau qis peb zaug thiab, zaum saum nws tus txiv ncej puab, nws hnia nws. Rolling down the mountain, tus hluas nkauj rov hnia nws tus txiv. Nws tau ntseeg hais tias rau fertility ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, nws yog tsim nyog los cog ncaj qha rau ntawm cov daus, txhua leej txhua tus uas dov saum toj saud rau lawv, lawv tau faus rau hauv ib tug snowdrift. Hauv qhov kev ua koob tsheej no, cov niam txiv tshiab tau qhia meej qhov tseeb: "Kev ua neej nyob tsis yog ib qho chaw hla." Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, skiing los ntawm lub roob yog ntaus nqi rau tej yam yees siv tseem ceeb. Txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nyob rau hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm Russia, tib neeg txuas ntxiv caij tsheb los ntawm lub roob ntawm lub log (los yog lub hauv qab ntawm lub log spinning) "nyob rau hauv ib tug ntev flax." Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub Kubensky koog tsev kawm ntawv, cov poj niam sib yuav caij los ntawm lub roob.

Caij nees

Lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ribbons, pleev xim rau arcs, kim tswb. Sleds tau ib txwm npog nrog sheepskin fur sab nraum, uas kuj tau txiav txim siab los txhawb kev xeeb tub.

Festive noj mov - pancakes

VK Sokolova sau tias: "Qee cov kws tshawb fawb pom nyob rau hauv pancakes ib lub suab ntawm lub hnub ci kev ntseeg - ib tug kos npe rau ntawm lub reviving lub hnub. Tab sis qhov kev xav no tsis muaj lub hauv paus loj. hnub, tab sis nrog cov cult ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub Shrovetide rite." Hnub Saturday ua ntej Maslenitsa tau ua kev zoo siab ua niam txiv. Hnub no, pancakes tau ci (lawv pib ci). Hauv qee lub zos, thawj pancake tau muab tso rau ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam - "niam txiv", lub pancake no tau smeared nrog zib mu, nyuj butter thiab sprinkled nrog granulated qab zib. Qee zaum thawj pancake tau nqa mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj thiab muab tso rau ntawm qhov ntxa. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias pancakes yog ib tug obligatory noj mov nyob rau hauv lub ntees tuag thiab lub cim nco txog ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg tuag. Ntxiv mus, pancakes tau los ua ib qho kos npe ntawm Maslenitsa tsuas yog ntawm Russians, Ukrainians thiab Belarusians tsis muaj xws li. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog ritual pancakes, nws yog tsim nyog them sai sai mus rau lub fact tias cov inhabitants ntawm lub roob ntawm Afghanistan - Kalash, uas yog xam tau tias yog cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm "lub feem ntau ancient pre-Vedic ideology ntawm thawj Indo-European neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw nyob rau hauv subcontinent", ci peb ncuav mog qab zib thaum lub sij hawm so "chaumos" (ib qho analogue ntawm Lavxias teb sab Maslenitsa), npaj rau cov ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg tuag. Thiab ntawm no nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov cov ntawv nyeem ntawm Mahabharata, uas qhia cov dab neeg thaum ub ntawm kev txi rau cov poj koob yawm txwv tau tshwm sim thiab vim li cas cov poj koob yawm txwv hu ua "pinda", uas yog, ncuav mog qab zib. Cov lus dab neeg no hais tias thaum "lub tebchaws uas nyob ib puag ncig ntawm dej hiav txwv ib zaug ploj mus," tus Creator tsa nws, coj tus npua npua. (Nco qab tias ib tug ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv uas hloov lub ancient vaj tswv Veles-Troyan lub npe hu ua Vasily thiab yog tus patron neeg dawb huv ntawm npua yug). Yog li ntawd, tau tsa qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ntawm qhov tob ntawm lub hiav txwv cosmic, tus Creator pom tias peb clods ntawm lub ntiaj teb tau adhered rau nws fangs. Ntawm no, nws ua peb ncuav qab zib thiab hais cov lus hauv qab no:

Nco txog cov niam txiv uas ncaim mus lawm

Kev npaj zaub mov ritual - pancakes ncaj qha mus rau kev ua koob tsheej nco txog cov niam txiv tuag. Txawm P. V. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, Shane tau hais tias cov neeg ua liaj ua teb ntseeg tias "kev cai ntawm kev ci pancakes yog ib txoj kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev sib txuas lus nrog lwm lub ntiaj teb." Qhov no yog ib qho yuav tsum tau noj mov rau ntees tuag, ua koob tsheej nco txog, kab tshoob kev kos, Christmastide thiab Shrovetide, uas yog, hnub, nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev los yog lwm yam, txuam nrog kev pe hawm poj koob yawm txwv. VC. Sokolova sau tseg tias: "Nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, kev cai ntawm muab thawj pancake rau cov niam txiv uas tuag lawm los yog nco ntsoov lawv nrog pancakes, pom tau hais tias, yog dav heev." Tej zaum, ntawm no peb muaj ib lub suab ntawm cov lus dab neeg thaum ub tau hais los saum toj no, raws li thawj cov poj koob yawm txwv tau sawv los ntawm peb lub pob hauv ntiaj teb, tig los ntawm tus Tsim los rau hauv ncuav mog qab zib. Yog li, thawj pancake, pom tau hais tias, yog lub cim ntawm lub pob ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab yawm txiv, uas yog, tus Tsim lossis Santa Claus.

Yog li ntawd, ritual noj nrog pancakes yog prerogative ntawm Santa Claus thiab cov hnub txuam nrog nws ritual pe hawm.

Txij li thaum Maslenitsa tau txuam nrog kev ua koob tsheej nco txog cov neeg txheeb ze uas tuag lawm thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua phem ntawm cov neeg mummers, tsis muaj dab tsi xav tsis thoob hauv qhov tseeb tias mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th - pib ntawm 20th centuries. ib co archaic ntsiab ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm mummers tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv domestic rituals. Nws twb tau muab sau tseg tias mummers "soccerers" yuav caij liab qab ntawm ib tug pas, broom, poker. Tab sis ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm centuries nyob rau hauv Totemsky uyezd muaj ib tug kev cai nyob rau hauv uas liab qab poj niam mus ncig lub tsev ntawm ib tug nuv peb zaug ua ntej hnub tuaj (kom ciaj sia kab thiab kab laum). Thiab nyob rau hauv Cherepovets koog tsev kawm ntawv, txhua tus tswv ntawm lub tsev tau yuam kom "mus ncig lub tsev pheeb suab ntawm tus broomstick thaum sawv ntxov kom tsis muaj leej twg pom, thiab yuav muaj txhua yam zoo hauv tsev rau ib xyoos."

Raws li hnub caiv cuam tshuam nrog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv, cov poj koob yawm txwv, Maslenitsa kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua lub cim hnub ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv uas tau rov qab los rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no los pab lawv cov xeeb ntxwv (hnub ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv yog lub hli lunar). Lub fact tias twb nyob rau hauv lub Christian era Maslenitsa kav 14 hnub yog pov thawj los ntawm cov lus ntawm ib tug ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws mus xyuas Russia nyob rau hauv 1698. Nws sau tias "Shrovetide ua rau kuv nco txog Italian carnival, uas nyob rau tib lub sijhawm thiab tib txoj kev raug xa mus." Los rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm kev ua neej nyob tsuas yog ib hnub los ntawm lawv tus kheej lub ntiaj teb, "cov niam txiv", coj los ntawm Troyan, tsis tsuas yog nce lub zog muab lub neej ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tab sis kuj tau txais lub zog tshiab ntawm lawv tus kheej. Tom qab tag nrho, pancakes, oatmeal jelly, zib mu, xim qe, mis nyuj, tsev cheese, cereals yog zaub mov tsis tsuas yog rau cov nyob, tab sis kuj rau cov poj koob yawm txwv uas tuaj xyuas lawv ntawm Shrovetide. Tasting lub ritual noj mov, Santa Claus tig los ntawm tus tswv ntawm txias thiab hmo ntuj mus rau lub tswv ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab thaum sawv ntxov ntawm lub xyoo - Troyan. Nws tseem tsis tau qhia dua tag nrho peb lub ntsej muag: hluas - caij nplooj ntoos hlav - tsim; lub caij ntuj sov - kev loj hlob - kev txuag; lub caij ntuj no - lub hnub nyoog laus - kev puas tsuaj, thiab li no muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim tshiab.

Raws li cov lus hais saum toj no, tag nrho cov txheej xwm Shrovetide yuav tsum tsis txhob mus dhau qhov kev lig kev cai, cov no yog:

• Ritual yav tsaus ntuj los yog hmo ntuj bonfires ua los ntawm straw rau toj, teb los yog ncej (bonfires nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "Segner lub log" yog ua tau);
• Swinging ntawm Lavxias teb sab viav vias, ntuav boards, fistfights;
• Caij nees thiab caij sleigh;
• Caij los ntawm cov roob dej khov nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub voj voog, ntawm lub voj voog, hauv pob tawb, ntawm ntoo tuag, viav vias ntawm Lavxias teb sab viav vias;
• Kev kho mob: pancakes, oatmeal jelly, npias, zib ntab, tsev cheese, mis nyuj, cereals (oatmeal, barley, nplej);
• Ritual rounds ntawm mummers.

Cov cwj pwm ntawm Maslenitsa hnav khaub ncaws:

1. Cov poj koob yawm txwv - "cov laus", "tuag", "cov laus laus".
2. Cov neeg txawv txawv - "buggars", "tus neeg yos hav zoov", "dab ntxwg nyoog" (tag nrho cov dub nrog horns).
3. Hluas - "ntxhais nkauj nyab thiab nraug vauv", "poj niam cev xeeb tub".
4. Tsiaj txhu - "Bull", "Noj", "Ne", "Ts", "Elk", "Dab", "Dab", "hma".
5. Noog - "Goose", "Goose", "Crane", "Duck", "Chicken".

Cov mummers "ci pancakes," "churned butter," "threshed peas," "hauv av hmoov," " ntsuas straw." Lawv “yuav cov hluas”, “faus cov neeg tuag”. Cov "yawg" muab cov ntxhais rau ntawm lub laps ntawm cov txiv neej, "sib yuav lawv". Cov ntxhais uas tsis mloog lawv lus, cov "txiv yawg" ntaus nrog cov thwj, yuam kom hnia lawv tus kheej. Lawv nchuav dej rau sawv daws.

Qhov no yog hnub so thaum ub Maslenitsa.