Steel beams nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Vim li cas cov txheej txheem thaum ub tsis sawv ntsug rau kev soj ntsuam ntxaws? Piv txwv ntawm lub tsev technologies uas tsis coincide nrog lub xeev ntawm cov kos duab raws li keeb kwm dogma.

Cam khwb cia hlau trusses nyob rau hauv qab nthab ntawm St. Basil's Cathedral yog 300 xyoo ua ntej hnub tim

Ib lub truss yog ib qho qauv ntawm cov duab peb sab. Piv txwv li, cov khw loj loj, cov chaw ua haujlwm hauv tsev, cov chaw tsheb ciav hlau loj yog tsim los ntawm cov trusses. Thiab cov trusses no txhawb lub qab nthab. Lawv yog ua los ntawm cov hlau cam. yog incomprehensible kiag li.

Txhawm rau muab koj lub tswv yim ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov kev tsim kho tshiab no, cov hlau trusses hauv qab no (uas yog, cov trusses uas tsim lub ru tsev) tsuas yog tshwm sim thaum ntxov rau nruab nrab-19th caug xyoo! Ntawd yog, twb tau 300 xyoo ua ntej lub ntiaj teb kev vam meej nyob rau hauv lub Cathedral ntawm St. Basil lub Blessed, cov qauv no sawv. Yog tias cov no yog Italians-architects, qhov no tsis piav qhia dab tsi: hauv Ltalis qhov no tsis yog lub sijhawm ntawd! Nws tseem tsis tau paub meej tias qhov no tuaj txog li cas."

Ua liaj ua teb ntawm Pantheon

Cov rafters ntawm cov tsev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, xws li Ulpia Basilica lossis Pantheon portico, yog ua los ntawm tooj liab. Lub trusses ntawm Pantheon tsis deviate nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm daim duab los ntawm cov ntoo qauv, tab sis tus ntoo khaub lig-section ntawm cov khoom yog heev zoo sib xws nrog kev siv hlau; lawv yog lub thawv-zoo li tus thiab ua los ntawm peb daim ntawv tooj liab txuas nrog bolts.

Nws tuaj yeem, pom tau tias, raug tsim los ntawm cov chav loj ntawm chav dej txias hauv chav da dej sov ntawm Caracalla kuj muaj qhov sib tshooj terrace uas nteg ntawm T-beams. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg Loos tau ua ntej ntawm peb nyob rau hauv lub rational profiling ntawm hlau qhov chaw.

Cov khoom nplua nuj tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom hlau hauv "cov khoom qub" tau nthuav tawm los ntawm ISIS cov neeg phem:

Ruins ntawm Hatra nrog fittings

ISIS tau nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav rau lub ntiaj teb hais txog qhov qub txeeg qub teg no.

Cov sculptures thiab decorations tau ua los ntawm niaj hnub reinforced pob zeb. Qhov no yog pom tseeb nyob rau hauv cov thav duab nrog cov channel thiab fittings, uas tau qhib thaum lub sij hawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub monuments.

Ref. channel - tus qauv profile ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov hlau dov, muaj "P" -zoo li seem.

Hauv qab no yog ib daim vis dis aus thiab cov duab ntxaws ntxaws ntawm kev puas tsuaj:

Cov duab ua ntej kev puas tsuaj:

pej thuam nrog kev txhawb zog ntawm ob txhais ceg:

Constructor cov ntsiab lus:

Qhov no yog qhov tseeb "loj-teev reconstruction". Los yog qhov chaw tsim kho?

Qhov teeb meem tsis zoo tshaj plaws yog tias tag nrho cov no yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsim kho dua tshiab uas tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm kav Saddam Hussein (1979-2003). Nws tau paub tias muaj qhov kev pabcuam qub txeeg qub teg loj los txhawb nqa keeb kwm tseem ceeb ntawm Iraq thiab kev vam meej los ntawm Mesopotamia. Nyob rau hauv Republican Guard txawm faib cov npe thaum ub: "Nebuchadnezzar", "Hammurabi".

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv no hais txog, cov lus nug tshwm sim - dab tsi yog ib feem ntawm dab tsi yog nthuav raws li lub loj tshaj monument ntawm 2 txhiab xyoo dhau los tau rov qab los thiab ntxiv dag zog rau, thiab dab tsi yog qhov monument zoo li ua ntej kev kho dua tshiab. Cov lus nug tsis yooj yim, muaj suab tsis muaj cov duab qub ntawm qhov nyuaj hauv Is Taws Nem.

Nco ntsoov tias raws li lub official version, pyrons (hlau inserts) tau dav siv nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, thiab no hlau pas nrig sticking tawm ntawm ib feem ntawm ib tug antique pej thuam sib haum mus rau lub official version.

Parthian poj niam pej thuam los ntawm Hatra

Tus tsov ntxhuav nto moo ntawm lub nroog Biblical ntawm Nineveh

Nws yog qhov chaw ntawm kev pe hawm tus vajtswv poj niam Ishtar thiab lub nroog loj ntawm Assyria. Lub ntsiab masterpiece yog lub palace ntawm King Senacherib nrog gigantic pej thuam ntawm cov neeg zov - khub ntawm tis tsov ntxhuav-txiv neej thiab nyuj-txiv neej (xws li lub xyoo pua 8th BC).

Nineveh tau tshawb pom nrog lub palace los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm Askiv zoo Austin Henry Layard hauv 1845-1851. Tsis muaj yees duab ntawm qhov khawb. Zoo li qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm "Ancient Egypt", qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm Nineveh tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv cov duab kos. Thawj cov duab raug coj los ntawm lub palace "excavated".

Cov neeg saib xyuas no tau txais los ntawm cov tsev khaws puav pheej loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb - Louvre, British Tsev khaws puav pheej, Baghdad, Metropolitan hauv New York, Pushkin State Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Fine Arts. Nkawd tau nyob hauv lub nroog Nineveh.

Tus neeg saib xyuas tis ntawm Nineveh, nws kuj yog ib qho shedu-pom duab plaub.

Qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus huab tais Assyrian nto moo Sargon II ntawm Dur-Sharrukin fortress (xws li VIII xyoo pua BC)

Niaj hnub nimno fittings yog pom nyob rau hauv lub Assyrian ancient sculptures.

Lub fortress tau "qhib" los ntawm Fabkis Consul General Paul-Emile Botta nyob rau hauv 1842-44, thiab txuas ntxiv mus "qhib" Victor Place nyob rau hauv 1852-55. Lub npe nrov cuneiform phau Vajlugkub kuj pom ntawm no.

Wings geniuses

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, keeb kwm, kab lis kev cai, lawv hu ua "winged geniuses". Qee zaum nrog tib neeg lub ntsej muag, qee zaum nrog cov noog, qhov nrov "Assyrian" zaj dab neeg ntawm insemination ntawm "ntoo ntawm lub neej".

Qhov no yog ib tug slab ntawm alabaster, liam tias ua nyob rau hauv 870 BC. Vajtswv no hu ua Nisrokh, ib tug analogue ntawm Scandinavian Freyr; Lub slab muaj, raws li hauv qab no los ntawm kev sau ntawv cuneiform, lub hom phiaj cult: thaum lub sijhawm ua koob tsheej, cov pov thawj nchuav dej rau nws, uas tau muab sau rau hauv cov hlab ntsha; no rite tau los ua tus qauv ntawm Christian txoj kev tshav ntuj.

Kho kom zoo nkauj lub palace ntawm Ashur-Nazir-Apal II (Ashurnazirpal) hauv Kalakh, uas tau "dua" hauv 1845-1851.

Bas-reliefs nrog "tis geniuses" adorned tag nrho cov palaces tseem ceeb ntawm Assyrian vaj. Muaj 37 khub ntawm "neeg txawj ntse" nyob rau hauv lub palace ntawm Sargon II Dur-Sharrukin. Cov khub niam txiv no thiab tsib "tus neeg txawj ntse" tau khaws cia hauv Mosul Tsev khaws puav pheej. Lawv nyob hauv txhua lub tsev khaws puav pheej loj hauv ntiaj teb - Hermitage, British, Metropolitan, Louvre, thiab lwm yam.

"Artifact" nws tus kheej, raws li kev cia siab, tsis yog khoom, tab sis muaj cov ntu yooj yim rau kev sib dhos thiab kev thauj mus los.

Hauv cov ntu, koj tuaj yeem pom cov kab txuas luv luv ntawm sab pem hauv ntej thiab grooves rau ntu fasteners.

Lub armature kuj protrudes los ntawm sab nraum qab ntawm ntu. Nws tau siv los txuas ib lub pob nyem hauv phab ntsa ntawm "lub vaj ntawm Assyrian vaj".

Ntev reinforcing tuav, txog ib nrab ntawm qhov ntev ntawm ntu, protrude los ntawm qis kawg sab.

Thaum xub thawj, radical Islamist vandals hammered lub "thaum ub bas-relief" nrog tag nrho lawv cov kev ruam zoo li ib tug khoom slab, ib tug nkhaus reinforcement yog pom nyob rau hauv lub qhov, ces thaum nws paub meej tias lub bas-relief yuav disassembled zoo li ib tug lego, lawv. pib ua txhaum nws "raws li txoj cai."

Tom qab ntawd lawv tau muab lub tshuab txiav thiab txiav cov cuab yeej txuas ntxiv rau ntu, uas tsis muaj qhov twg los ntawm "Assyrian bas-reliefs thaum ub".