Sungir. Russia 25,000 xyoo dhau los

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-10 21:08

Sungir yog Upper Paleolithic site ntawm ib tug txiv neej thaum ub nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj av Vladimir. Qhov chaw nres tsheb yog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub nroog Vladimir ntawm qhov sib txuam ntawm cov kwj ntawm tib lub npe mus rau hauv tus dej Klyazma, ib mais ntawm Bogolyubovo.

Qhov chaw nres tsheb tau pom nyob rau hauv 1955 thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov nroj tsuag los ntawm S. N. Astakhov thiab E. N. Chernykh, ces tshawb los ntawm O. N. Bader.

Thaum pib, lub hnub nyoog kwv yees yog 25 txhiab xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hnub tau txais hauv cov chaw kuaj mob sib txawv yog qhov sib txawv, tab sis lawv nyob hauv Bryansk lossis Middle Valdai interstadial (Molo-Sheksna interglacial) ntawm Valdai glaciation. Raws li kev tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Oxford, lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov khub faus yog kwv yees ntawm 28700-29900 daim ntawv qhia hnub dhau los, cov hnub tau txais ntawm University of Arizona - 30600-31700 daim ntawv qhia xyoo dhau los, hnub tau txais ntawm University of Keele - txog 30500 daim ntawv qhia xyoo dhau los.

Sungir yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw ntawm cov neeg thaum ub: thaum lub sij hawm excavations, uas tau ua nyob rau ntawm no yuav luag 30 xyoo, txog 70 txhiab archaeological nrhiav tau.

Anthropological pom nyob rau hauv Sungiri yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug cais pob txha taub hau, rau skeletons, ib tug femur tsis muaj epiphyses, thiab ib feem ntawm ib tug femur. Sungir tau nto moo rau nws cov faus neeg zoo nkauj: ib tug txiv neej hnub nyoog 40-50 xyoo (Sungir-1) thiab cov hluas: ib tug tub hluas hnub nyoog 12-14 xyoo (Sungir-2) thiab ib tug ntxhais 9-10 xyoo (Sungir-3), dag nrog lawv taub hau rau ib leeg. Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov khaub ncaws tau txiav nrog cov pob txha pob txha (txog li 10 txhiab daim), uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm rov tsim kho lawv cov khaub ncaws (uas zoo li cov khaub ncaws ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub sab qaum teb); Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov kauj-toog npab thiab lwm yam khoom dai ua los ntawm cov pob txha mammoth nyob rau hauv qhov ntxa. Javelins thiab hmuv ua los ntawm cov pob txha mammoth tau muab tso rau hauv lub ntxa, nrog rau ib tug hmuv ntev 2.4 m. Mitochondrial DNA tsom xam pom tias tus tub (S2) thiab tus ntxhais (S3) yog cov kwv tij feem ntau, raws li lawv muaj tib yam CRS (Cambridge Reference Sequence) 16129 kev hloov.

Cov neeg Sungir raug hu ua Cro-Magnons. Lawv siab (178 cm). Tus txiv neej los ntawm Sungir tau txawv los ntawm brachymorphism, kev loj hlob zoo, qhov ntsuas loj ntawm qhov ntim thiab qhov sib piv ntawm lub cev loj rau nws qhov chaw, thiab hais txog lub cev ncaj qha rau tus txiv neej los ntawm Kostenok-14 (Markina Gora). Sungir 1 feem ntau yuav suav nrog hauv ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav uas nthuav tawm los ntawm Chanselyad, Komb-Kapel, Prshedmosti 3 thiab 9, Mladech 1, Urtiaga B1, thiab, tejzaum nws, San Teodoro 1, 3, Barma Grande 5. X-ray structural analysis ntawm tus txiv neej lub cev pob txha Sungir 1 tau ua kom tsim tau tias nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev txo qis corticalization thiab qhov chaw loj heev uas tau ntim cov pob txha pob txha. Sungirian muaj feem me me ntawm cortical txheej nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntawm humerus piv nrog rau feem ntau ntawm cov qauv tom qab. Raws li qhov ntsuas no, uas qhia txog qhov ntim ntawm cov pob txha pob txha, uas ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv hematopoietic, Sunghir nyob nruab nrab ntawm Eskimos thiab Altai Afanasevites los ntawm Kurota II. Qhov sib txawv siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg Sungir tau pom nrog cov pab pawg Natufian. Cov ntaub ntawv no qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm hematopoiesis hauv cov neeg nyob hauv Paleolithic sab qaum teb, uas tso cai rau lawv kom muaj sia nyob hauv huab cua.

Txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg Sunghir yog yos hav zoov mammoths, reindeer, bison, nees, hma thiab wolverines.

Lub chaw Sungir muaj kev tsim kho kab lis kev cai ntau dua li Strelets ib qho, tab sis kuj tseem muaj ntau yam nrog nws hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua pob zeb thiab cov txheej txheem pob zeb. Raws li O. N. Bader thiab A. N. Rogachev, Sungir site feem ntau yuav yog nyob rau theem kawg ntawm Streltsy kab lis kev cai. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau sau tseg ob qho tib si Aurignacoid thiab Seletoid qhov zoo hauv nws cov kab lis kev cai. Feem ntau cov kws tshawb fawb uas ntaus nqi Sungiri kev lag luam rau cov kab lis kev cai streltsy hu rau Middle Paleolithic industries ntawm sab hnub tuaj Crimean Mycocoque qhov chaw ntawm nws cov noob caj noob ces. Cov khoom ua los ntawm cov pob txha mammoth zoo ib yam li pom los ntawm Aurignacian thaum ntxov. Sungiri kuj tseem muaj feem pua ntawm cov mos lwj antlers - 16%.