Kev Ua Phem Txhaum Cai: Ib Txoj Kev Los Tswj Xyuas Pej Xeem Kev Nco Qab

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Koj puas tau hnov txog qhov kev tshawb fawb tsis txaus ntseeg tau luam tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm luam tawm los ntawm Public Science Library, uas hais tias txog li 72% ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb lees paub tias lawv cov npoj yaig tau koom nrog "kev tshawb fawb tsis txaus ntseeg" thiab 14% ntawm lawv tau koom nrog "Falsifications. "?

Public Library of Science Journal yog ib lub koom haum tsis muaj txiaj ntsig tau tsim los ua ib feem ntawm kev tshaj tawm kev tshawb fawb los tsim lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb raws li daim ntawv tso cai pub dawb thiab muaj pub dawb (tus neeg txhais lus ceeb toom)

Yog tias qhov ntawd tsis ua rau koj ntshai, ntawm no yog lwm qhov tseeb: Nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1977 thiab 1990, FDA pom qhov ua yuam kev thiab qhov tsis txaus hauv 10-20% ntawm tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb thaum tshawb xyuas. [2]

Nws tau mob zuj zus ntxiv: Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Amgen, lub tuam txhab biotech muaj lub hauv paus nyob hauv Thousand Oaks, California, tau pib rov ua qhov kev lees paub ntawm 53 tus phooj ywg loj-saib xyuas thiab luam tawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv kev tshawb fawb txog qog noj ntshav thiab ntshav biology. Cov ntaub ntawv poob siab tau pom: tsuas yog 6 ntawm 53 qhov kev tshawb fawb tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov tseeb thiab ntseeg tau. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias kwv yees li 90% ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis tseeb thiab cov lus xaus tsis raug, thiab tib lub sijhawm lawv tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem raws li kev tshawb fawb pom tseeb! [3]

Hauv lwm lo lus, kuv cov phooj ywg, nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb, nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm scientific kev tshawb fawb, koj muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov lus dag uas yuav muab pov rau hauv lub thoob khib nyiab yam xyuam xim.

Ib yam yog qhov txaus ntshai: tom qab tag nrho, "science" tau xyaum hloov kev ntseeg rau tib neeg raws li txoj cai tshiab, uas yuav tsum tau ua qhov muag tsis pom kev pe hawm txhua txoj hauv kev. Tib neeg tham txog kev tshawb fawb zoo li yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb, thiab txhua tus uas tsis ntseeg cov pov thawj hlob los ntawm kev tshawb fawb feem ntau raug tsim txom, thuam thiab tsis lees paub raws li ib tug neeg yug tshiab.

Tab sis kev tshawb fawb, zoo li txhua txoj kev ntseeg, tsis yog ib tug vajtswv uas hais qhov tseeb xwb. Kev tshawb fawb yog nyob deb ntawm infallibility, nws yuav tsum tau hloov kho tas li, txhim kho, sib tw, hloov kho thiab hloov pauv rau qhov yooj yim vim li cas kev tshawb fawb raug txwv los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev nqaim thiab cuam tshuam rau tib neeg txoj kev xav, uas txhua tus tib neeg kev txhaum, thiab tsuas yog loj hlob thiab nthuav dav. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, nws yooj yim tso nyob rau hauv lub onslaught ntawm prejudice, vanity thiab kev noj nyiaj txiag.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, science, ntawm chav kawm, yog ib tug inanimate neeg thiab yuav tsis zoo los yog phem, vim hais tias nws tsis muaj nws tus kheej nco qab. Kev tshawb fawb tsis yog tib neeg, yog li peb yuav tsum tsis txhob tham txog nws zoo li nws yog peb tus superhero. Kev tshawb fawb tsuas yog ib lub tsheb uas xav tau tus neeg tsav tsheb, thiab pom tseeb tias cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev mus ncig yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb leej twg tau rov qab lub log.

Txawm hais tias qee tus tau mob siab rau ua raws li lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev nrhiav qhov tseeb, feem ntau tuaj yeem raug nplua los ntawm kev ua si ntawm kev ntshaw (xws li, piv txwv li, Iowa State University tus xibfwb qhia ntawv Dong-Pyou Han, uas tam sim no raug kaw hauv tsev loj cuj rau kev dag tshuaj tiv thaiv HIV), ua si. ntawm kev ntshaw rau lub koob meej, kev xav ntawm tib neeg kev xav, lossis kev xav qia dub rau qhov tsis muaj tseeb. Thawj tus kws kho mob tshuaj loog Scott Reuben, uas tau pab txhawb kev phais orthopedic, tsim cov ntaub ntawv hauv ntau tshaj 20 txoj kev tshawb fawb, thiab German physicist Jan Hendrik Schön, uas tau txais ntau yam khoom plig rau nws txoj hauj lwm, hloov mus rau kev dag thiab kev kawm.

Cov neeg no, nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov phooj ywg, muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev ntseeg tau, uas feem ntau hu los ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam "cov neeg ruam sim," thiab qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb, muaj cov neeg ruam txaus nyob ntawd thiab. Piv txwv li, ib tus blogger tau xa ib daim ntawv comic hais txog "midichlorians" (ib daim ntawv qhia txog lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag uas muaj nyob hauv txhua yam muaj sia, raws li Star Wars ntug), thiab 4 cov ntawv xov xwm tshawb fawb tau luam tawm nws!

Hauv kev mob siab rau ceeb toom rau tib neeg vim li cas lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob ua qhov muag tsis pom kev ntseeg "kev tshawb fawb" - lossis lwm qhov chaw uas lees tias faib kev paub - Kuv tau txiav txim siab sau tsab xov xwm luv luv no yuav ua li cas kev tshawb fawb tsis tseeb tau siv ntau xyoo ntawm peb keeb kwm los tswj. peb txoj kev xav thiab kev ntseeg.

Cov neeg ua si loj hauv kev lag luam luam yeeb thiab qab zib

Ntau tshaj li ib nrab xyoo dhau los, cov tuam txhab luam yeeb loj tau siv kev tshawb fawb los ua kev yaum rau cov neeg tsis paub qab hau thiab tsis quav ntsej txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm lawv cov luam yeeb.

Daim duab kab lus:

Ntseeg kuv cov txiv neej, koj tus kheej yuav xav nyeem qhov kev tshawb fawb tshiab no tseem ceeb ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev haus luam yeeb. Thiab ces koj, ib yam nkaus, hais, raws li kuv hais: "Kuv nyiam cov luam yeeb muag Chesterfield!"

Arthur Godfrey

Thiab tam sim no …. tshawb fawb txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev haus luam yeeb!

2 zaug hauv ib lub hlis, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tau kuaj xyuas ib pawg neeg los ntawm ntau ntu ntawm cov pej xeem. 45% ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm pab pawg no haus luam yeeb Chesterfield rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm 10 xyoo. Tom qab 10 lub hlis, tus kws saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv tau sau tseg tias tom qab haus luam yeeb Chesterfield, tsis muaj kev phiv ntawm lub qhov ntswg, caj pas lossis sinuses ntawm pawg tswj hwm.

Chesterfield ntau yam me me haum rau txhua tus

Plaub Hlis Ntuj 1953

Ua tib zoo mloog cov lus tseem ceeb: "Kev Tshawb Fawb"

Ntau lub koom haum kho mob thiab cov ntawv xov xwm sib txawv, suav nrog New England Journal of Medicine thiab Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), tau txais nyiaj los ntawm cov tuam txhab luam yeeb loj thiab pab txhawb cov khoom lag luam los ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm peb hais tias "science".

Daim duab kab lus:

Kev tshawb fawb qhia ntawm ib pawg kws kho mob

Cov txiv neej thiab cov poj niam uas yws ntawm qhov ntswg thiab caj pas vim kev haus luam yeeb tau qhia kom hloov mus rau Philip Morris luam yeeb. Tom qab ntawd, ib hnub dhau ib hnub, cov kws kho mob saib xyuas txhua kis. Cov txiaj ntsig kawg, luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm kho mob muaj npe nrov, thoob plaws ntiaj teb lees paub tias tom qab hloov mus rau Philip Morris luam yeeb, kev ua paug ntawm mucosal tau nres tag nrho, lossis kev txhim kho tseem ceeb tau pom."

Daim ntawv ceeb toom cov lus txhawb nqa tseem ceeb saum toj ntawm qhov tshaj tawm: "Cov txiaj ntsig kawg, luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm kho mob muaj npe nrov, nthuav dav lees paub tias tom qab hloov mus rau Philip Morris luam yeeb, kev ua paug ntawm mucosal nres tag lossis kev txhim kho tseem ceeb tau pom."

Ib yam li ntawd, xyoo 1960, kev lag luam qab zib tau nrhiav ib pab pawg kws tshawb fawb hauv Harvard los zais kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev noj qab zib thiab kab mob plawv, thiab International Sugar Research Foundation (ISRF) silenced tshawb nrhiav pom tias qab zib tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav..

Ib yam uas peb yuav tsum xav txog ntawm peb tus kheej, kuv cov phooj ywg, yog tias peb lub zej zog muaj kev tswj hwm thoob ntiaj teb zoo li nws yog ib lub tuam txhab lag luam, tsis yog lub koom haum siab dawb, uas yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb los saib xyuas tib neeg lub neej. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias txhua tus kws tshaj lij, txawm li cas los xij koj yuav ua haujlwm, tuaj yeem raug nplua yooj yim nrog kev pab ntawm nyiaj. Hmoov tsis zoo, peb cov teeb meem yog qhov systemic, thiab lawv cov hauv paus hniav nyob hauv qhov kev puas tsuaj loj heev.

Lub manipulation ntawm science tseem niaj hnub no

Nov yog keeb kwm tsis ntev los no: Cov thawj coj ntawm Bush tau pom muaj kev tshawb fawb los hloov nws rau nws tus kheej tsoomfwv txoj cai. Ib yam li ntawd, cov tuam txhab roj loj tau xiab cov kws tshawb fawb kom rov hais dua lawv cov lus thov zoo li parrots. Ib yam li ntawd, biotech loj loj Monsanto thiab United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tau raug ntes ua kev koom tes hauv ib qho kev tsis ncaj ncees. Thiab qhov no tsis yog thawj zaug rau Monsanto - thiab lawv tsis tau thuam tej yam no ua ntej. Hauv tebchaws Canada, ib pab pawg kws tshawb fawb tau lees paub tias cov chaw tsim khoom loj GMO tau muab nyiaj xiab ntawm $ 1-2 lab rau lawv, thiab hauv Indonesia, lub tuam txhab raug nplua vim sim xiab tsoomfwv nom tswv. Lwm biotech loj heev, Syngenta, tau nyiam cov kws tshawb fawb los ua pov thawj rau xibfwb Tyrone Hayes, uas yog tus thawj coj ntawm kev tshawb fawb pom tias Syngenta cov tshuaj tua kab mob Atrazine tuaj yeem muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Ob tus kws tshawb fawb tau foob kev foob rau Merck, liam tias lub tuam txhab muag tshuaj loj tau rigged cov qhab nia xeem txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav.

Lub Coca-Cola digger kuj tau ntes cov kws tshawb fawb txog nyiaj xiab (ib qho nyiaj ntau ntawm $ 132.8 lab) txhawm rau txo qhov mob hnyav ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev haus dej qab zib thiab lwm yam khoom noj tsis zoo. Qhov tseeb, cov tuam txhab ua qhov no txhua lub sijhawm. Ib qho piv txwv zoo: ib txoj kev tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Colorado uas hais tias kev noj haus dej qab zib muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev poob phaus ntau dua li dej li niaj zaus. Unsurprisingly, qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau txais nyiaj los ntawm cov neeg ua dej qab zib.

Daim duab kab lus:

Cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias kev noj haus dej qab zib muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev poob phaus ntau dua li dej

Lwm txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias cov menyuam yaus uas noj khoom qab zib hnyav dua cov menyuam yaus uas tsis noj cov khoom qab zib, uas txhais tau hais tias cov hniav qab zib tsis tshua muaj rog. Ib zaug ntxiv, ntau rau peb xav tsis thoob, peb pom tias txoj kev tshawb fawb tau nyiaj los ntawm lub koom haum kev lag luam uas sawv cev rau cov neeg loj heev xws li Butterfingers, Hershey thiab Skittles.

Daim duab kab lus:

Kev tshawb fawb tshiab tau lees paub tias cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas uas noj khoom qab zib yog sib dua thiab tsis tshua muaj rog.

Lub Rau Hli 28, 2011. Source: National Confectioners Association

Xaus

Txog niaj hnub no, kev tsis sib haum xeeb ua haujlwm raws li kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus. Richard Hortin, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm phau ntawv kho mob The Lancet, tau hais tias "feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, tej zaum txawm ib nrab, tej zaum yuav yog qhov tsis tseeb."

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, lub tswv yim ntawm kev tshawb fawb tsis yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb nws ua haujlwm. Tus kheej, kuv siv cov kev tshawb fawb thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus txhua hnub hauv kuv lub neej, thiab txawm cia siab rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb los qhia txog kev noj nyiaj txiag ntawm zej zog kev tshawb fawb hauv blog no. Tab sis tsab xov xwm no tau sau tshwj xeeb los ceeb toom peb tias "kev tshawb fawb" tuaj yeem siv los dag peb - thiab tau siv los dag ntxias - thiab yog li kev tshawb pom kev tshawb fawb yeej ib txwm tsim nyog nug thiab rov xyuas dua. Tau kawg, cov kws tshawb fawb xav tau nyiaj los ua kev tshawb fawb, thiab cov tuam txhab lag luam uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg lub neej muaj nyiaj ntau dua. Tab sis txhais tes ntawm tus muab feem ntau tswj tes ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom.

Kom txog rau thaum peb tsim ib lub system uas muab nqi zog kev kawm incorruptible ntau tshaj propaganda thiab ignorance, thiab ncaj ncees khoom plig ntau tshaj li xav ua dab tsi rau nyiaj, hom kev phem thiab contemmptuous tib neeg tus cwj pwm no yuav, rau cov laj thawj pom tseeb,, mus ntxiv.