Vim li cas Lomonosov raug txim tuag?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Tsawg tus neeg paub tias Mikhail Lomonosov raug txiav txim tuag los ntawm kev dai thiab siv sijhawm ib xyoos hauv tsev lojcuj tos qhov kev txiav txim kom txog thaum muaj vaj ntxwv zam txim? Leej twg txaus siab rau kev tsim txom ntawm tus poj Rus, nyob rau hauv tub sab ntawm nws lub tsev qiv ntawv scientific thiab nyob rau hauv nkaum, thiab, feem ntau yuav, nyob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj ntawm nws cov ntawv sau ntau heev, uas nws ua hauj lwm thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej?

M. V. Lomonosov poob rau hauv kev txaj muag vim nws tsis pom zoo nrog cov kws tshawb fawb German, uas tsim cov pob txha ntawm Academy ntawm Sciences nyob rau xyoo pua 18th. Nyob rau hauv Empress Anna Ioannovna, ib tug kwj ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws nchuav rau hauv Russia.

Pib xyoo 1725, thaum lub Lavxias teb sab Academy tau tsim, thiab kom txog rau thaum 1841, lub hauv paus ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm tau hloov los ntawm cov nram qab no "cov txiaj ntsig" ntawm cov neeg Lavxias uas tuaj ntawm Tebchaws Europe uas hais lus Lavxias tsis zoo, tab sis leej twg tau dhau los ua neeg paub txog keeb kwm Lavxias, dej nyab lub keeb kwm department ntawm Russia Academy:

Kohl Peter (1725), Fischer Johann Eberhard (1732), Kramer Adolph Bernhard (1732), Lotter Johann Georg (1733), Leroy Pierre-Louis (1735), Merling Georg (1736), Brehm Johann Friedrich (1737), Tauber Johan Gaspar (1738), Crusius Christian Gottfried (1740), Moderach Karl Friedrich (1749), Stritter Johann Gotgilf (1779), Hackmann Johann Friedrich (1782), Busse Johann Heinrich (1795), Vauville Jean-François (1782), (1804), Hermann Karl Gottlob Melchior (1805), Circle Johann Philip (1805), Lerberg August Christian (1807), Kohler Heinrich Karl Ernst (1817), Fren Christian Martin (1818), Graefe Christian Friedrich (1820), Schmidt Issac Jacob (1829), Schengren Johann Andreas (1829), Charmua France-Bernard (1832), Fleischer Heinrich Leberecht (1835), Lenz Robert Christianovich (1835), Brosse Marie-Felicite (1837), Dorn Johann Albrecht 18319 (Bernhar) … Lub xyoo uas tus neeg txawv teb chaws muaj npe nkag mus rau hauv Lavxias Academy yog qhia hauv cov kab lus.

Vatican ideologists tig lawv lub siab rau Russia. Yog tsis muaj suab nrov, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, tus tsim yav tom ntej ntawm Lavxias teb sab "keeb kwm", uas tom qab ntawd los ua kev kawm, G. F. Miller, A. L. Schlözer, G. Z. Bayer thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Roman "blanks" nyob rau hauv lawv lub hnab ris lawv muaj: ob qho tib si "Norman txoj kev xav" thiab dab neeg ntawm feudal fragmentation ntawm "Ancient Rus" thiab tshwm sim ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai tsis pub dhau 988 AD. thiab lwm yam khib nyiab. Qhov tseeb, cov kws tshawb fawb txawv teb chaws nrog lawv cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj tias "Eastern Slavs nyob rau hauv 9th-10th centuries yog tiag tiag savages, cawm dim ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm ignorance los ntawm Varangian princes." Nws yog Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer uas tso rau pem hauv ntej Norman txoj kev xav ntawm kev tsim lub xeev Lavxias. Raws li nws txoj kev xav, "ib tug puv tes ntawm Normans uas tuaj txog hauv Russia tau hloov" lub tebchaws tsaus nti "rau hauv lub xeev muaj zog nyob rau ob peb xyoos."

Lomonosov waged ib tug irreconcilable tawm tsam tawm tsam distortions ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, thiab nws pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub midst ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam. Nyob rau hauv 1749-1750, nws tau hais tawm tsam keeb kwm views ntawm Miller thiab Bayer, nrog rau kev tawm tsam "Norman txoj kev xav" ntawm kev tsim ntawm Russia tsim los ntawm Germans. Nws thuam Miller cov lus tshaj tawm "Rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub npe thiab cov neeg Lavxias," nrog rau Bayer cov haujlwm ntawm Lavxias keeb kwm.

Lomonosov feem ntau sib cav nrog cov npoj yaig txawv teb chaws uas ua haujlwm hauv Academy of Sciences. Hauv qee qhov chaw, nws cov lus tau hais tias: "Yuav ua li cas ua qias neeg qias neeg zoo li tus tsiaj nyaum nkag rau lawv yuav tsis khoov hauv Lavxias teb sab qub txeeg qub teg!" Cov kab lus no tau hais rau Schlözer, uas "tsim" Lavxias teb sab "keeb kwm".

M. Lomonosov tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias. Ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Academy of Sciences, tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias teb sab kws kho tshuab AK Nartov tau foob kev tsis txaus siab rau Senate txog kev tswj hwm ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws hauv Lavxias kev kawm txuj ci. Cov tub ntxhais kawm Lavxias, cov neeg txhais lus thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm, nrog rau tus kws sau hnub qub Delisle, koom nrog Nartov qhov kev tsis txaus siab. Nws tau kos npe los ntawm I. Gorlitsky, D. Grekov, M. Kovrin, V. Nosov, A. Polyakov, P. Shishkarev.

Lub ntsiab lus thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm lawv qhov kev tsis txaus siab yog qhov tseeb heev - kev hloov pauv ntawm Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb rau hauv Lavxias, tsis yog los ntawm TITLE. Tub Vaj Ntxwv Yusupov yog tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj tau teeb tsa los ntawm Senate los tshawb xyuas qhov kev foob. Cov thawj coj pom nyob rau hauv kev hais lus ntawm A. K. Nartov, I. V. Gorlitsky, D. Grekov, P. Shishkarev, V. Nosov, A. Polyakov, M. Kovrin, Lebedev thiab lwm yam. 215], p.82.

Cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias uas ua ntawv tsis txaus siab tau sau ntawv mus rau Senate: "Peb tau ua pov thawj cov nqi ntawm thawj 8 lub ntsiab lus thiab yuav ua pov thawj ntawm 30 qhov tseem ceeb, yog tias peb nkag mus rau cov xwm txheej" [215], p.82. "Tab sis … lawv raug ntes rau 'kev pheej hmoo' thiab 'kev thuam ntawm pawg thawj coj'. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm lawv (IV Gorlitsky, A. Polyakov thiab lwm yam) tau raug yuam mus rau hauv shaUGHTERs thiab "CHAINED". Lawv nyob hauv txoj hauj lwm no li ntawm ob xyoos, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem yuam kom thim lawv cov lus tim khawv. Qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm pawg thawj coj yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg: kom muab khoom plig Schumacher thiab Taubert, tshem tawm GORLITSKY, GREKOV, POLYAKOV, NOSOV, YUAV TSUM TAU TXAIS THIAB SIBERIA;

Raws li txoj cai, Lomonosov tsis yog ntawm cov neeg uas tau foob Schumacher, tab sis tag nrho nws tus cwj pwm thaum lub sij hawm tshawb xyuas qhia tau hais tias Miller tsis yog yuam kev thaum nws sib cav: "Mr. Commission of Inquiry". Lamansky tej zaum tsis deb ntawm qhov tseeb, hais tias Nartov cov lus tau sau feem ntau los ntawm Lomonosov. Thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm ntawm lub commission, Lomonosov nquag txhawb Nartov … Qhov no yog precisely dab tsi ua rau nws nruj kev sib cav nrog cov feem ntau mob siab rau Schumacher minions - Vintsheim, Truskot, Miller.

Lub Synod ntawm lub Koom Txoos Orthodox Christian kuj liam tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias zoo ntawm kev faib cov haujlwm anticlerical hauv cov ntawv sau hauv Art. 18 thiab 149 ntawm Tub Rog Tshooj Cai ntawm Peter I, uas tau muab rau lub txim tuag. Cov txiv plig thov kom hlawv Lomonosov. Qhov kev mob hnyav li no, pom tau tias yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua tiav zoo heev ntawm kev xav dawb, kev tawm tsam lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Lomonosov, uas ua tim khawv rau qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm txoj cai ntawm pawg ntseeg ntawm cov neeg. Archimandrite D. Sechenov, tus confessor ntawm Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, tau ntshai heev los ntawm kev poob ntawm kev ntseeg thiab tsis muaj zog ntawm kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj thiab kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab zej zog. Nws yog tus yam ntxwv uas nws yog Archimandrite D. Sechenov, nyob rau hauv nws libel tawm tsam Lomonosov, uas thov kom hlawv ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb.

Cov thawj coj tau hais tias Lomonosov "rau qhov rov ua tsis ncaj ncees, tsis ncaj ncees thiab qias neeg ob qho tib si hauv kev sib raug zoo rau kev kawm thiab rau lub luag haujlwm, thiab rau lub teb chaws Yelemees" YUAV TSUM TAU TXAIS KEV NYIAJ LUS, lossis, nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, kev rau txim los ntawm dab tsi thiab DEPRIVAL OF TXOJ CAI THIAB STATUS. Los ntawm txoj cai ntawm Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, Mikhail Lomonosov tau pom tias ua txhaum, tab sis raug tso tawm los ntawm kev rau txim. Nws cov nyiaj hli tsuas yog ib nrab, thiab nws yuav tsum tau thov txim rau cov xibfwb rau qhov kev xav tsis zoo uas nws tau ua.

Gerard Friedrich Miller tau sau cov lus thuam "kev hloov siab lees txim" nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes, uas Lomonosov yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem thiab kos npe. Mikhail Vasilievich, thiaj li yuav muaj peev xwm mus txuas ntxiv kev tshawb fawb, raug yuam kom tso tseg nws txoj kev xav. Tab sis cov xibfwb German tsis tau so rau qhov no. Lawv txuas ntxiv nrhiav kev tshem tawm Lomonosov thiab nws cov neeg txhawb nqa los ntawm Academy.

Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1751, Lomonosov pib ua hauj lwm rau "Ancient Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm". Nws nrhiav kom rov hais dua cov lus no ntawm Bayer thiab Miller txog "qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm qhov tsis paub" uas tau liam tias tau kav hauv Ancient Russia. Kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws yog thawj feem - "Hais txog Russia ua ntej Rurik", uas tau teeb tsa cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm ethnogenesis ntawm cov neeg nyob sab hnub tuaj Europe thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, Slavs-Rus. Lomonosov taw tes rau qhov kev txav mus tas li ntawm Slavs los ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab hnub poob.

Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm German tau txiav txim siab kom ua tiav kev tshem tawm Lomonosov thiab nws cov neeg txhawb nqa los ntawm Academy. Qhov no "kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb" tau tsim tsis yog hauv Russia xwb. Lomonosov yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb. Nws paub zoo nyob txawv teb chaws. Txhua qhov kev siv zog tau ua kom tsis lees paub Lomonosov nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb zej zog. Tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho cov nyiaj tau siv. Lawv tau sim txhua txoj hauv kev los saib xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Lomonosov cov haujlwm tsis yog hauv keeb kwm nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv natural sciences, qhov twg nws txoj cai yog siab heev. Hauv particular, Lomonosov yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm ob peb txawv teb chaws Academies - lub Swedish Academy los ntawm 1756, lub Bologna Academy los ntawm 1764 [215], p.94.

"Hauv tebchaws Yelemes, Miller tau tawm tsam tawm tsam Lomonosov qhov kev tshawb pom thiab thov kom nws raug tshem tawm ntawm Academy" [215], p.61. Qhov no tsis tau ua thaum ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg tawm tsam ntawm Lomonosov tau tswj hwm kom ua tiav qhov kev teem caij ntawm Schletser ua ACADEMICIAN NTAWM RUSSIAN HISTORY [215], p.64. "Schletser … hu ua Lomonosov" ib tug tag nrho ignoramus, uas tsis paub dab tsi tab sis nws chronicles "" [215], p.64. Yog li ntawd, raws li peb tau pom, Lomonosov raug liam tias paub RUSSIAN CRONICLES.

"Raws li Lomonosov qhov kev tawm tsam, Catherine II tau xaiv Schletzer tus kws tshaj lij. Nrog rau qhov no nws tsis tau tsuas yog tau txais kev tswj tsis tau tsuas yog siv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis thiab txoj cai thov txhua yam no tau txiav txim siab tsim nyog los ntawm IMPERIAL LIBRARY thiab lwm yam. Schletzer tau txais txoj cai los nthuav qhia nws cov hauj lwm ncaj qha rau Catherine … Daim ntawv sau tseg, kos los ntawm Lomonosov "rau kev nco" thiab yuam kev zam kev txeeb, qhia meej meej txog kev npau taws thiab iab vim los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab no: "" [215], p..65.

Miller thiab nws cov neeg koom tes tau ua tiav lub zog tsis yog hauv tsev kawm qib siab hauv St. Petersburg xwb, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv lub gymnasium uas tau cob qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm yav tom ntej. Lub gymnasium yog khiav los ntawm Miller, Bayer thiab Fischer [215], p.77. Nyob rau hauv lub gymnasium "TSIS TAU TXAIS LUB RUSSIA LANGUAGE… Cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis paub GERMAN. TXHUA YAM KEV XAIV TAU TXAIS NTAWM LATIN LANGUAGE … Peb caug xyoo (1726-1755) lub gymnas tsis npaj. ib leeg rau kev nkag mus hauv tsev kawm ntawv" [215], p.77. Cov lus xaus hauv qab no tau kos los ntawm qhov no. Nws tau hais tias "tsuas yog txoj hauv kev tawm yog tshem tawm cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, vim nws tsis tuaj yeem npaj lawv los ntawm Russians ib yam nkaus" [215], p.77.

Qhov kev tawm tsam no txuas ntxiv mus thoob plaws Lomonosov lub neej. "Ua tsaug rau kev siv zog ntawm Lomonosov, ntau tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias thiab cov koom tes tau tshwm sim hauv kev kawm" [215], p.90. Txawm li cas los xij, "hauv 1763, ntawm qhov kev tsis lees paub ntawm Taubert, Miller, Shtelin, Epinuss thiab lwm tus, lwm tus Empress ntawm Russia Catherine II" Txawm tias tag nrho cov LOMONOSOV NTAWM LUB ACADEMY "[215], p.94.

Tab sis tsis ntev, tsab cai lij choj ntawm nws qhov kev tawm haujlwm tau raug muab tso tseg. Yog vim li cas yog qhov nrov ntawm Lomonosov nyob rau hauv Russia thiab kev lees paub ntawm nws qhov zoo los ntawm txawv teb chaws academies [215], p.94. Txawm li cas los xij, Lomonosov raug tshem tawm ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm thaj chaw, thiab Miller tau raug xaiv nyob ntawd. Ib qho kev sim tau ua "TSIS TXAUS SIAB LOMONOSOV Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Lus thiab Keeb Kwm rau SLETSER'S DISPOSAL" [215], p.94.

Qhov tseeb kawg yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Txawm hais tias, txawm tias thaum lub sijhawm Lomonosov lub neej, kev sim ua kom tau mus rau nws cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab, peb tuaj yeem hais dab tsi txog txoj hmoo ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb archive tom qab Lomonosov tuag. Raws li kev cia siab, LOMONOSOV'S ARCHIVE tau muab pov tseg tam sim ntawd tom qab nws tuag, thiab dhau mus tom qab nws tuag. Peb hais tias: "Lub archive ntawm LOMONOSOV khaws tseg los ntawm Catherine II yeej ib txwm poob." Hnub tom qab nws tuag lub tsev qiv ntawv thiab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm LOMONOSOV tau nyob rau ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm EKATERINA II. Ib tsab ntawv los ntawm Taubert rau Miller tau muaj txoj sia nyob. Nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv no "tsis zais nws txoj kev xyiv fab, Taubert qhia txog kev tuag ntawm Lomonosov thiab hais ntxiv tias:" HNUB ROG LEEJ TWG tom qab nws tuag, suav Orlov tau hais kom cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj rau nws lub chaw ua haujlwm. Undoubtedly, nws yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv tsis xav tso rau hauv lub tes tsis ncaj ncees lawm "" [215], p.20.

Kev tuag ntawm Mikhail Lomonosov kuj yog tam sim no thiab tsis paub, thiab muaj lus xaiv ntawm nws txhob txwm tshuaj lom. Obviously, dab tsi tuaj yeem ua tsis tau rau pej xeem, nws cov yeeb ncuab coob leej ua tiav tsis pub leej twg paub.

Yog li, "cov tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm" - Miller thiab Schletser - tau mus rau Lomonosov archive. Tom qab ntawd cov ntaub ntawv no tau ploj lawm. Ntawm qhov tod tes, TAM SIM NO RAU LUB SIJ HAWM, Lomonosov txoj haujlwm ntawm Lavxias keeb kwm tau tshaj tawm thaum kawg - thiab nws yog qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm Miller thiab Schletzer - Lomonosov txoj haujlwm ntawm Lavxias keeb kwm. Thiab qhov ntawd tsuas yog thawj lub ntim. Feem ntau yuav rov sau dua los ntawm Miller txoj hauv kev. Thiab tag nrho cov ntim tsuas yog "poob lawm". Thiab yog li nws tau tshwm sim tias "Lomonosov txoj haujlwm ntawm keeb kwm" ntawm peb qhov kev pov tseg niaj hnub no hauv txoj kev coj txawv txawv thiab xav tsis thoob pom zoo nrog Miller qhov kev xav ntawm keeb kwm. Nws tseem yog qhov tsis nkag siab - yog vim li cas Lomonosov tau sib cav nrog Miller thiab tau ntau xyoo? Vim li cas nws thiaj liam Miller ntawm kev dag ntxias Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, [215], p.62, thaum nws tus kheej, nyob rau hauv nws luam tawm "History", yog li OBEYINGLY pom zoo nrog Miller rau tag nrho cov ntsiab lus? Txaus siab rau nws nyob rau hauv txhua kab.

Keeb kwm ntawm Russia, luam tawm los ntawm Miller nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Lomonosov Drafts, tuaj yeem hais tias yog ib daim ntawv luam, thiab xyaum tsis txawv ntawm Miller version ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm. Tib yam siv rau lwm tus neeg keeb kwm Lavxias - Tatishchev, rov luam tawm los ntawm Miller tsuas yog tom qab Tatishchev tuag! Karamzin, ntawm qhov tod tes, yuav luag rov sau ntawv Miller, txawm hais tias Karamzin cov ntawv tom qab nws tuag tau rov kho dua thiab hloov pauv. Ib qho kev hloov pauv zaum kawg tau tshwm sim tom qab xyoo 1917, thaum txhua cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Varangian quab yuam raug tshem tawm ntawm nws cov ntawv. Pom tseeb, nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, lub zog tshiab nom tswv tau sim ua kom cov neeg tsis txaus siab, los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws hauv tsoomfwv Bolshevik.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm LOMONOSOV twb tsis tau luam tag nrho cov uas LOMONOSOV sau nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb. Piv txwv li, Miller rov sau thawj feem ntawm Lomonosov txoj haujlwm tom qab nws tuag nrog kev txaus siab heev. Yog li hais, "ua tib zoo npaj rau kev luam ntawv." Nws rhuav tshem lwm tus. Yuav luag muaj tseeb muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav thiab tseem ceeb ntawm peb cov neeg yav dhau los. Qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi uas Miller, los yog Schletzer, thiab lwm yam "Lavxias teb sab historians" yuav nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev luam tawm.

Lub Norman txoj kev xav yog tseem tuav los ntawm Western kws tshawb fawb. Thiab yog tias koj nco qab tias kev thuam Miller, Lomonosov raug txiav txim tuag los ntawm kev dai thiab siv sijhawm ib xyoos hauv tsev lojcuj tos qhov kev txiav txim siab, kom txog rau thaum muaj kev zam txim rau vaj ntxwv, ces nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov thawj coj ntawm lub xeev Lavxias tau nyiam ua cuav keeb kwm Lavxias. Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm tau sau los ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws tshwj xeeb xaj los ntawm Emperor Peter I los ntawm Tebchaws Europe rau lub hom phiaj no. Thiab twb nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Elizabeth, Miller los ua tus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws "chronicler", uas tau nto moo rau lub fact tias, nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm ib tug imperial tsab ntawv, nws tau mus rau Lavxias teb sab monasteries thiab rhuav tshem tag nrho cov khaws cia cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los.

Tus kws sau keeb kwm German Miller, tus sau ntawm "tus kws tshaj lij" ntawm Lavxias keeb kwm, qhia peb tias Ivan IV yog los ntawm tsev neeg Rurik. Tom qab ua qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis yooj yim, nws yog qhov yooj yim rau Miller los hloov cov tsev neeg Rurikovich rho tawm nrog lawv cov keeb kwm tsis muaj nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia. Xwb, hla tawm keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub nceeg vaj thiab hloov nws nrog keeb kwm ntawm Kiev tus thawj tswj hwm, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tom qab ua ib nqe lus hais tias Kiev yog leej niam ntawm Lavxias teb sab nroog (txawm hais tias Kiev, raws li txoj cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, yuav tsum. tau txiv). Ruriks yeej tsis tau tsars nyob rau hauv Russia, vim hais tias xws li ib tug muaj koob muaj npe tsev neeg yeej tsis muaj. Muaj ib tug rootless conqueror Rurik, leej twg sim zaum ntawm lub zwm txwv Lavxias teb sab, tab sis raug tua los ntawm Svyatopolk Yaropolkovich. Kev dag ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm yog tawm tam sim ntawd thaum nyeem "Lavxias teb sab" "chronicles". Kev nplua nuj ntawm cov npe ntawm cov thawj coj uas kav nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm Russia, uas tau muab rau peb raws li qhov chaw ntawm Russia, yog striking. Yog hais tias, piv txwv li, ib co tub huabtais ntawm Chernigov los yog Novgorod pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub zwm txwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab, ces yuav tsum muaj ib yam ntawm cov continuation ntawm lub dynasty. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog li ntawd, i.e. Peb tab tom cuam tshuam nrog kev dag, lossis nrog tus neeg kov yeej uas kav tebchaws Russia.

Peb cov keeb kwm disfigured thiab perverted Russia, txawm los ntawm lub thickness ntawm rov qab Miller hoaxes, qw hais txog lub dominance ntawm txawv teb chaws. Keeb kwm ntawm Russia, zoo li keeb kwm ntawm tag nrho cov noob neej, yog invented los ntawm cov saum toj no-hais tias "historians". Lawv tsis yog cov kws tshaj lij hauv cov dab neeg cuav xwb, lawv kuj yog cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev tsim thiab tsim cov keeb kwm keeb kwm.

Ntau thiab ntau qhov tseeb tshwm sim tias keeb kwm ntawm Russia tau txhob txwm hloov pauv. Muaj ntau yam pov thawj ntawm cov kab lis kev cai siab thiab kev nyeem ntawv ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv thaum ub. Cov tsiaj ntawv birch bark tau pom sau hauv Glagolitic (peb cov tsiaj ntawv ib txwm muaj, thiab tsis yog cov tsiaj ntawv Cyrillic rau peb) thiab cov ntawv sau los ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb zoo tib yam. (saib tsab xov xwm Vim li cas birch bark ntawv ua ib qho kev xav?) Tab sis rau qee yam nws tau muab zais. Peb paub cov ncauj lus ntxaws ntxaws ntawm peb lub teb chaws tsuas yog los ntawm kev kav ntawm Ruriks, thiab dab tsi yog ua ntej peb paub yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi. Vim li cas qhov no tau ua tiav thiab leej twg tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm nws, uas yog cov lus nug.

Thiab tam sim no, hauv peb cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm keeb kwm ntawm Russia siv cov phau ntawv, ntau yam sau nrog cov nyiaj ntawm cov neeg pab nyiaj txawv teb chaws George Soros. Thiab raws li koj paub, "tus uas them rau lub rooj noj mov hu lub suab!"