Secrets ntawm lub ntiaj teb nceb: kab laug sab lub hlwb raws li ib tug analogue ntawm tib neeg

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Xyoo 2000, Xib Fwb Toshiyuki Nakagaki, kws tshawb fawb txog biologist thiab physicist ntawm Japanese University of Hokkaido, tau coj ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov pwm daj thiab muab tso rau ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub qhov ntxa uas yog siv los ntsuas kev txawj ntse thiab kev nco ntawm nas. Nyob rau lwm qhov kawg ntawm txoj kab, nws tso ib lub suab thaj. Cov nceb tsis tsuas yog nrhiav tau ib txoj hauv kev rau qab zib, tab sis kuj siv txoj kev luv tshaj plaws rau qhov no.

Mushroom xav li cas?

Physarum polycephalum tsw zoo li qab zib thiab pib xa nws cov sprouts mus nrhiav nws. Cov kab laug sab webs ntawm nceb bifurcated ntawm txhua qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab cov uas tau poob rau hauv qhov kawg tuag tig rov qab thiab pib saib lwm cov lus qhia. Tau ob peb teev, nceb webs tau sau cov kab lus tshawb fawb, thiab thaum kawg ntawm hnub ib ntawm lawv pom nws txoj kev mus rau qab zib.

Tom qab ntawd, Toshiyuki thiab nws pab neeg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tau coj ib daim kab laug sab lub vev xaib ntawm cov nceb uas tau koom nrog thawj qhov kev sim, thiab muab tso rau ntawm qhov nkag ntawm ib daim qauv ntawm tib lub labyrinth, nrog rau lub khob qab zib ntawm nws lwm qhov kawg. Qhov tshwm sim ua rau sawv daws xav tsis thoob. Nyob rau hauv thawj instant, lub cobweb branched mus rau hauv ob: ib tug sprout ua nws txoj kev mus rau cov suab thaj, tsis muaj ib tug ntxiv tig, tus lwm tus nce lub phab ntsa ntawm lub labyrinth thiab hla nws ncaj qha, raws qab nthab, ncaj nraim mus rau lub hom phiaj. Lub vev xaib nceb tsis tsuas yog nco txog txoj kev, tab sis kuj hloov cov cai ntawm kev ua si.

Kuv tsis kam tawm tsam qhov nyiam kho cov tsiaj no zoo li cov nroj tsuag. Thaum koj tshawb nrhiav nceb rau ntau xyoo, koj pib pom ob yam. Ua ntej, nceb yog ze rau tsiaj lub nceeg vaj tshaj li qhov nws zoo li. Qhov thib ob, lawv cov kev ua qee zaum tshwm sim los ntawm kev txiav txim siab tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Kuv xav tias cov nceb yuav tsum tau muab lub sijhawm los sim daws cov riddles.

Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv los ntawm Toshiyuki pom tias cov nceb tuaj yeem npaj kev thauj mus los zoo thiab sai dua li cov kws tshaj lij engineers. Toshiyuki coj ib daim duab qhia ntawm Nyiv Pooj thiab muab cov khoom noj rau hauv cov chaw sib xws rau cov nroog loj hauv lub tebchaws. Nws muab cov nceb "hauv Tokyo". Tom qab 23 teev, lawv tsim ib lub vev xaib ntawm cobwebs rau tag nrho cov khoom noj. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov yuav luag zoo ib yam ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau nyob ib puag ncig Tokyo.

Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau txuas ob peb lub kaum ob lub ntsiab lus; tab sis kev sib txuas lawv tau zoo thiab kev lag luam feem ntau tsis yooj yim. Kuv ntseeg tias peb cov kev tshawb fawb yuav tsis tsuas yog pab peb nkag siab txog kev txhim kho kev tsim kho vaj tse, tab sis kuj yuav ua li cas los tsim cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm zoo dua.

RIDDLE NTAWM LEEJ TWG

Raws li kev kwv yees kwv yees, muaj txog 160 txhiab hom kab mob fungi hauv ntiaj teb, feem ntau muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo.

Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Chernobyl, ib tug nceb tau pom tias pub rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab, tib lub sijhawm, ntxuav cov huab cua nyob ib puag ncig nws. Cov nceb no tau pom nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear puas lawm, uas tau ntau xyoo tom qab kev puas tsuaj txuas ntxiv tsim hluav taws xob uas rhuav tshem tag nrho lub neej nyob rau hauv ib lub vojvoog ntawm ob peb kilometers.

Thaum tshawb nrhiav Amazon hav zoov, ob tug tub ntxhais kawm biology ntawm Yale University pom cov fungus Pestalotiopsis microspora, uas tuaj yeem degrade yas. Qhov peev xwm no tau pom thaum cov fungus noj cov zaub mov petri uas nws tau loj hlob.

Txog tam sim no, tsis yog peb txoj kev tshawb fawb lossis peb cov thev naus laus zis muaj peev xwm ua tau qhov no. Plastic contamination yog ib qho teeb meem loj tshaj plaws. Niaj hnub no peb muaj kev cia siab siab rau cov kab mob no. - xibfwb Scott A. Strobl.

Geneticists los ntawm American Institute of Bioenergy tau ua tiav hauv kev ua kom cov nceb zom zom cov suab thaj xylose sai dua. Lub peev xwm tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom no yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim txoj hauv kev tshiab, pheej yig thiab nrawm ntawm kev tsim cov biofuels huv.

Nws yuav zoo li, yuav ua li cas cov kab mob "primitive", yam tsis muaj lub hlwb thiab tsis muaj zog, ua txuj ci tseem ceeb tshaj li kev tswj hwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb?

Yuav kom nkag siab txog lub ntiaj teb ntawm nceb, koj yuav tsum xub qhia meej ib yam dab tsi. Shiitake, portobello thiab champignon tsis yog cov npe ntawm cov nceb noj tau xwb. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yog cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob, uas sawv cev rau lub network ntawm ntau lab tus cobwebs hauv av. Cov nceb peering tawm hauv av tsuas yog "ntiv tes" ntawm cov cobwebs, "cov cuab yeej" uas lub cev kis tau nws cov noob. Txhua tus "ntiv tes" no muaj ntau txhiab tus spores. Lawv nqa los ntawm cua thiab tsiaj. Thaum cov spores poob rau hauv av, lawv tsim cov webs tshiab thiab germinate nrog cov nceb tshiab.

Tus tsiaj no ua pa oxygen. Nws yog qhov txawv txav los ntawm kev xav txog kev lom neeg uas nws koom nrog nws lub nceeg vaj, sib cais los ntawm ob qho tib si tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag.

Tab sis peb yeej paub dab tsi txog lub neej no?

Peb tsis paub dab tsi ua rau lub hauv paus system ntawm cobwebs ntawm ib lub sijhawm kom tso cov nceb mus rau saum npoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb; yog vim li cas ib tug nceb hlob mus rau ib tsob ntoo thiab ib tug mus rau lwm tus; thiab vim li cas qee tus ntawm lawv tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg tuag taus, thaum lwm tus yog cua, noj qab haus huv thiab tsw qab. Qee zaum, peb tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees lub sijhawm rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Cov nceb tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv peb xyoos, lossis txawm tias 30 xyoo tom qab lawv cov spores tau pom ib tsob ntoo tsim nyog. Hauv lwm lo lus, peb tsis paub txawm tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws txog cov nceb. - Michael Pollan, tus kws tshawb fawb.

Poj huab tais NTAWM DEAD

Peb pom tias nws nyuaj rau nkag siab nceb vim lawv cov qauv anatomical. Thaum koj nqa txiv lws suav rau hauv koj txhais tes, koj tuav tag nrho cov txiv lws suav hauv koj txhais tes ib yam li nws yog. Tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem pluck lub nceb thiab tshuaj xyuas nws cov qauv. Mushroom tsuas yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ib tug loj thiab complex kab mob. Lub vev xaib ntawm cobwebs yog nyias heev kom tshem tawm cov av yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. - Sgula Motspi, microbiologist.

Lwm qhov teeb meem yog tias feem ntau cov nceb hav txwv yeem tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv tsev thiab nyuaj heev rau kev loj hlob, ob qho tib si rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev lag luam.

Lawv xaiv tsuas yog ib qho litter, lawv tus kheej txiav txim siab thaum twg los xij. Feem ntau lawv cov kev xaiv poob rau ntawm cov ntoo qub uas tsis tuaj yeem hloov mus rau lwm qhov chaw. Thiab txawm hais tias peb cog ntau pua tsob ntoo tsim nyog hauv hav zoov thiab tshuaj tsuag ntau lab tus spores rau hauv av, tsis muaj kev lees paub tias peb yuav tau txais cov nceb ntawm lub sijhawm tsim nyog. - Michael Pollan, tus kws tshawb fawb.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev noj haus, kev loj hlob, kev tsim tawm thiab kev tsim hluav taws xob hauv cov fungi yog txawv kiag li ntawm cov tsiaj hauv cov tsiaj. Lawv tsis muaj chlorophyll thiab yog li ntawd, tsis zoo li cov nroj tsuag, lawv tsis ncaj qha siv lub zog ntawm lub hnub. Piv txwv li, champignons, shiitake thiab portobello, loj hlob ntawm ib lub litter ntawm wilted nroj tsuag.

Zoo li cov tsiaj, nceb zom zaub mov, tab sis, tsis zoo li lawv, lawv zom zaub mov sab nraum lawv lub cev: nceb secrete enzymes uas decompose organic teeb meem rau hauv nws cov khoom, thiab ces nqus cov molecules.

Yog hais tias av yog lub plab ntawm lub ntiaj teb, ces nceb yog nws digestive kua txiv. Yog tsis muaj lawv lub peev xwm los decompose thiab ua cov organic teeb meem, lub ntiaj teb yuav suffocated ntev dhau los. Cov teeb meem tuag yuav ploj mus tas li, lub voj voog cov pa roj carbon monoxide yuav cuam tshuam, thiab txhua yam muaj sia yuav raug tso tseg yam tsis muaj zaub mov.

Peb tsom mus rau lub neej thiab kev loj hlob hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb, tab sis hauv qhov xwm txheej, kev tuag thiab kev lwj yog qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug. Nceb yog cov uas tsis muaj kev sib cav txog lub nceeg vaj ntawm kev tuag. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm txoj kev, muaj ntau ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv cemeteries. Tab sis qhov loj tshaj zais cia yog lub zog loj ntawm cov nceb. Muaj cov nceb uas tuaj yeem tawg cov asphalt, ci ntsa iab hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, ua cov khoom pov tseg tag nrho ntawm petrochemical thaum hmo ntuj thiab tig mus rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab khoom noj khoom haus. Coprinopsis atramentaria fungus muaj peev xwm loj hlob ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev nyob rau hauv ob peb teev thiab tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib hnub, tig mus rau hauv lub pas dej ntawm tus number case dub.

Hallucinogenic nceb hloov tib neeg lub siab. Muaj cov nceb lom uas tua tau ib tug ntxhw. Thiab qhov paradox yog tias lawv txhua tus muaj cov calories me me uas cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau siv los ntsuas lub zog. Peb txoj kev ntsuas lub zog zoo li tsis haum ntawm no. Calories qhia lub hnub ci zog khaws cia hauv cov nroj tsuag. Tab sis nceb tsis muaj zog cuam tshuam nrog lub hnub. Lawv germinate thaum hmo ntuj thiab wither thaum nruab hnub. Lawv lub zog yog ib yam txawv kiag li.

- Michael Pollan, tus kws tshawb fawb.

INTERNET RAU LUB NTIAJ TEB

Lub mycelium yog lub complex infrastructure uas tag nrho cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob. Hauv kaum cubic centimeters ntawm av, koj tuaj yeem pom yim kilometers ntawm nws cov cobwebs. Tib neeg ko taw npog txog li ib nrab lab mais ntawm qhov sib ze ntawm cobwebs. - Paul Stemets, mycologist.

Dab tsi tshwm sim hauv cov vev xaib no?

Thaum xyoo 1990, lub tswv yim tau tshwm sim thawj zaug tias lub vev xaib ntawm cov cobwebs tsis yog tsuas yog xa cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj, tab sis kuj yog ib qho kev txawj ntse thiab kev sib txuas lus ntawm tus kheej. Los ntawm saib txawm me me ntawm lub network no, nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom paub txog cov qauv paub. Cov duab nraaj hauv internet zoo ib yam nkaus. Cov ceg ntoo hauv lub network, thiab yog tias ib qho ntawm cov ceg tsis ua haujlwm, ces nws tau hloov sai sai los ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Nws cov nodes, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw muaj tswv yim, tau zoo dua nrog lub zog vim qhov chaw tsis tshua muaj zog, thiab nthuav dav. Cov webs no muaj rhiab heev. Thiab txhua lub vev xaib tuaj yeem xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau tag nrho lub network.

Thiab tsis muaj "central server". Txhua lub vev xaib yog ywj pheej, thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas nws khaws tau tuaj yeem xa mus rau lub network hauv txhua qhov kev qhia. Yog li, tus qauv hauv Internet tau muaj nyob txhua lub sijhawm, tsuas yog nws tau nkaum hauv av. - Paul Stemec, mycologist

Lub network nws tus kheej zoo li muaj peev xwm loj hlob mus tsis kawg. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub xeev Michigan, ib tug mycelium tau pom, uas tau loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm cuaj square kilometers. Nws kwv yees tias muaj hnub nyoog li ntawm 2,000 xyoo.

Thaum twg lub network txiav txim siab loj hlob nceb?

Qee zaum qhov laj thawj yog qhov txaus ntshai rau yav tom ntej ntawm lub network. Yog hais tias lub hav zoov pub lub network hlawv tawm, mycelium tsis tau txais cov suab thaj los ntawm cov cag ntoo. Tom qab ntawd nws germinates nceb nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw nyob deb tshaj plaws, kom lawv kis tau cov kab mob fungal, "dawb" nws cov noob thiab muab sijhawm rau lawv mus nrhiav qhov chaw tshiab. Qhov no yog li cas cov lus qhia "nceb tom qab los nag" tshwm sim. Cov nag ntxuav tawm cov organic rot los ntawm hauv av thiab, hauv qhov tseem ceeb, deprives lub network ntawm nws lub hwj chim qhov chaw - ces lub network xa "scue teams" nrog kev tsis sib haum xeeb nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw nkaum tshiab.

Hmo ntuj hmo ntuj rau kab kab

"Nrhiav lub tsev tshiab" yog lwm yam uas txawv cov nceb los ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov nceeg vaj. Muaj cov nceb uas kis tau lawv cov spores ib yam li txiv hmab txiv ntoo kis lawv cov noob. Lwm tus tsim pheromones uas ua rau muaj sia nyob compulsively crave lawv. Dawb truffles siv nws los tshawb nrhiav npua, vim tias cov ntxhiab tsw ntawm cov nceb no zoo ib yam li alpha npua.

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev thiab lim hiam ntawm kev kis tus kab mob fungi. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm West African ntsaum ntawm hom Megaloponera foetens tau sau tseg tias lawv nce tsob ntoo siab txhua xyoo, thiab nrog rau cov quab yuam lawv tho lawv lub puab tsaig rau hauv lub cev, tom qab ntawd lawv tsis tuaj yeem tso lawv tus kheej thiab tuag. Yav dhau los, tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tua tus kheej ntawm cov ntsaum.

Nws muab tawm tias kab yog ua tawm tsam lawv lub siab nyiam, thiab lwm tus xa lawv mus rau kev tuag. Qhov laj thawj yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws spores ntawm fungus hatumantela, uas qee zaum tswj kom nkag mus rau hauv cov ntsaum lub qhov ncauj. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv kab lub taub hau, lub spore xa tshuaj mus rau nws lub hlwb. Tom qab ntawd, tus ntsaum pib nce tsob ntoo ze tshaj plaws thiab plunges nws lub puab tsaig rau hauv nws cov tawv ntoo. Ntawm no, zoo li thaum sawv ntxov los ntawm npau suav phem, nws pib sim tso nws tus kheej thiab, thaum kawg, qaug zog, tuag. Tom qab li ob lub lis piam, nceb hatumantala sprout los ntawm nws lub taub hau.

Ntawm cov ntoo hauv Cameroon, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau pua tus nceb loj hlob los ntawm lub cev ntawm cov ntsaum. Rau cov kab mob fungi, lub zog ntawm lub hlwb no yog ib qho kev tsim tawm: lawv siv ob txhais ceg ntawm tus ntsaum nce toj tsob ntoo, thiab qhov siab pab kom kis tau ntawm lawv cov spores los ntawm cua; yog li ntawd lawv thiaj nrhiav tau lawv tus kheej lub tsev tshiab thiab…. nov ants.

Thai "zombie nceb" Ophiocordyceps unilateralis txhawb cov ntsaum uas pub rau nws nce nplooj ntawm qee cov nroj tsuag. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm tus kab mob no mus rau qhov no ntau dua li qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv lub neej ib txwm muaj, thiab yog li ntawd, tau mus txog nplooj, cov kab tuag ntawm kev qaug zog thiab kev tshaib kev nqhis, thiab tom qab ob lub lis piam cov nceb sprout los ntawm lawv lub cev.

Cov tsiaj no tej zaum qhov amazing tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam kuv tau pom. Peb ntseeg tias lawv tsim cov tshuaj zoo li LSD, tab sis peb tseem tsis tau ntsib cov tshuaj uas ua rau muaj kev coj cwj pwm ntawm ib tus neeg nyiam. - xibfwb David Hughes.

Hughes nrhiav pom cov kab mob uas tswj lub hlwb ntawm kab laug sab, nab thiab yoov.

Qhov no tsis yog coincidence, natural selection, los yog byproducts ntawm lwm tus txheej txheem. Cov kab no raug xa tawm tsam lawv lub siab nyiam mus rau qhov chaw uas lawv yuav tsum tsis yog, tab sis nceb nyiam. Thaum peb kis tus kab mob no mus rau lwm cov nplooj, cov nceb tsuas tsis germinate. - xibfwb David Hughes

YUAV UA LI CAS ANTIBIOTICS tau tsim

Kuj tseem muaj qhov zoo rau qhov tseeb tias cov nceb tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj lom muaj zog. Qee cov tshuaj lom no yog cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo rau peb cov yeeb ncuab. Piv txwv li, microbes.

Ntawm 160 txhiab hom nceb, lub cev uas muaj cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke, kev tshawb fawb muaj peev xwm decipher thiab rov tsim dua 20, thiab ntawm lawv ob peb cov tshuaj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau pom.

Muaj ib qho laj thawj uas nceb tsim tshuaj. Lawv ib txwm loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhov chaw phem tshaj plaws, ntub dej, kub, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas yog "tsev cog khoom ntawm microbes thiab kab mob." Feem ntau cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv cov yam ntxwv no, tab sis fungi tiv taus. Cov tshuaj paub zoo Lipitor, uas yog ib qho ntawm ob peb paub daws teeb meem ntawm cov roj cholesterol thiab ntshav qab zib, tau pom nyob rau hauv Suav liab nceb. Thiab enoki thiab shiitake nceb tau suav nrog hauv pob tawb ntawm cov tshuaj tau txais los ntawm cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav hauv Nyij Pooj. - Elinor Shavit, kws kho mob micrologist.

Hmoov tsis zoo, ntau yam ntawm cov tshuaj nceb nce mus tas li. Yog vim li cas yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm hav zoov hav zoov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Amazon phiab.

Nrog rau lwm yam kev ua neej, peb kuj rhuav tshem cov nceb. Tus naj npawb ntawm lawv ntau yam yog pheej txo qis thiab qhov no ua rau kuv txhawj xeeb rau qhov ua rau qia dub. Lub ntiaj teb tau nthuav tawm qhov khoom plig zoo kawg nkaus - lub chaw sim loj loj rau kev tsim tshuaj. Los ntawm penicillin mus rau tshuaj rau mob qog noj ntshav, AIDS, mob khaub thuas thiab senile kab mob. Cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub hu ua nceb "tus vajtswv ntawm kev tuag" vim li cas. Niaj hnub no peb tab tom rhuav tshem qhov chaw sim no … - Paul Stemets, mycologist.

Stemets tham txog fomitopsis nceb. Pom tau nyob rau xyoo 1965, cov nceb no tau ua pov thawj tias yog ib qho kev kho mob rau tuberculosis, thiab niaj hnub no nws tsuas loj hlob hauv tsib qhov chaw hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, cov nceb no twb ploj lawm.

Nrog ib pab pawg kws tshaj lij, peb tau mus rau ntau lub sijhawm mus rau tom hav zoov, sim nrhiav ntau cov nceb zoo sib xws. Tom qab siv zog ntau, peb thaum kawg pom ib qho qauv uas peb tau tswj kom loj hlob hauv chav kuaj. Leej twg paub yuav ua li cas muaj pes tsawg tus neeg no nceb yuav txuag tau yav tom ntej. - Paul Stemets, mycologist.

Xyoo tas los, Stemets tau koom nrog US Department of Defense qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob lom thiab pab tshawb nrhiav thiab kev txuag ntawm 300 hom nceb tsawg.

Peb tau ua ib qho kev sim: peb khaws plaub lub pob khib nyiab. Ib qho tau siv los ntawm peb ua tus tswj hwm; nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, peb ntxiv tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshuaj lom neeg uas decompose pov tseg; Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub spores ntawm nceb yog sprayed. Rov qab ob lub hlis tom qab, peb pom peb qhov tsaus nti fetid heaps thiab ib qho ci ntsa iab, overgrown nrog ntau pua kilograms ntawm nceb … Qee yam tshuaj lom tau hloov mus rau hauv cov organic. Cov nceb nyiam kab, lawv nteg qe, los ntawm cov kab ntsig hatched, thiab tom qab ntawd cov noog tau tshwm sim - thiab tag nrho cov pob zeb no tau tig mus rau hauv toj ntsuab tag nrho ntawm lub neej. Thaum peb sim ua tib yam hauv cov dej qias neeg, peb tau sau tseg cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntxuav cov tshuaj lom. Nov yog dab tsi los tshawb nrhiav! Tej zaum tag nrho peb cov teeb meem muaj kuab paug tuaj yeem daws tau nrog cov nceb zoo. - Paul Stemets, mycologist.

LUB hlwb nyob qhov twg?

"Ib qho kwv yees yog tias nws ua haujlwm zoo ib yam hauv cov nceb," Toshiyuki hais tias. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov teeb liab no tsim ib hom kev txiav txim siab. Hauv lwm lo lus, kev txawj ntse ntawm nceb yog nyob rau hauv nws lub network. Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd ntau lab xyoo ntawm kev hloov pauv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj tshaj plaws, muab ntau pua txhiab tus tsiaj sib txawv, thiab koj muaj qee yam uas yuav tsum tau ntse txaus lawm."

- Thiab qhov no yog koj piav qhia txog dab tsi tshwm sim?

- Qhov no yog qhov pib.