Conservatives tawm tsam masterpieces ntawm niaj hnub architecture

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Qee lub tsev, tsis muaj exaggeration, tuaj yeem hu ua kev kos duab, lwm tus tsuas yog tsis pom, tab sis muaj cov qauv zoo li no tsis tso leej twg tsis quav ntsej. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom ntawm niaj hnub architecture, nws yog lawv ua rau lub siab xav teb thiab tsis yog ib txwm zoo. Txawm hais tias muaj tseeb tias cov kws tsim vaj tsev siv zog los tsim qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm, kev ua si thiab tib neeg lub neej, lawv cov haujlwm yuav raug thuam tas li thiab qee zaum ua tiav tsis lees paub.

Architecture tau ntev dhau mus dhau lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tswv yim xws li kos duab, vim tias ua tsaug rau nws, nws muaj peev xwm tsim qhov chaw thiab kho kom zoo nkauj uas cuam tshuam txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw uas tus neeg nyob. Xav txog keeb kwm yav dhau los ntau pua xyoo ntawm lub neej ntawm noob neej, ntawm txoj kev ntawm peb lub nroog thiab cov zos koj tuaj yeem pom cov tsev ntawm txhua lub sijhawm, uas cov kws tsim vaj tsev tsim nyob rau hauv ntau hom thiab cov lus qhia. Thiab yog hais tias ib co arous admiration, ces lwm tus - tag nrho rejection.

Lub tswv yim ntawm "modern architecture" suav nrog ntau yam qauv thiab cov qauv uas tau tsim rau ntau tshaj 100 xyoo. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm architects tau tshwm sim. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi lawv tsim, txawm tias nws yog kev ntshiab niaj hnub, kev ua phem, kev tsim kho, kev tsim kho, kev tsim kho, minimalism, high-tech lossis neo-modernism, txhua yam yog qhov txaus siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev xav ntawm tib neeg, ob qho tib si tib neeg thiab cov kws tshaj lij ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb, yog qhov sib txawv.

Yog hais tias peb coj mus rau hauv tus account lub indisputable qhov tseeb hais tias cov khoom tshiab tsim tau zoo dua rau kev npaj qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau cov neeg nyob, ces cov lus nug ntawm qhov kev hloov tsis pom kev nyob rau hauv cov uas twb muaj lawm tsos ntawm lub zos yuav ploj mus rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau. Tab sis tsis muaj leej twg tseem tsis tau tso tseg qhov kev xav zoo nkauj ntawm qhov chaw ib puag ncig, thiab yog tias cov khoom niaj hnub tsis sib haum xeeb nrog cov duab tsim qauv, ces nws ua rau muaj cua daj cua dub tsis txaus siab, thiab qee zaum muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos thiab cov luminaries.

Siv:Niaj hnub nimno architecture tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, thaum architects sib cav hais tias muaj tswv yim qhia yuav tsum tsis pub dawb los ntawm keeb kwm lub hnab ntim khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv architectural yuav tsum tau mloog functionality es tsis yog dogmas. Cov kws tsim vaj tsev sim zam kom tsis txhob muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim, ntseeg tias kev yooj yim thiab cov ntsiab lus zoo ib yam tuaj yeem ua tau zoo nkauj heev. Cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm cov kev cai classical sib cav thiab tseem ua qhov niaj hnub architecture nrog nws lub tswv yim ua tiav qhov tsis zoo, dullness thiab impersonality.

Tab sis qhov no yog sab twg los saib. Yog tias peb coj, piv txwv li, cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm Frank Loyd Wright thiab Rudolf Schindler, uas sawv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kev niaj hnub, ces tsis muaj "tsis muaj monotonous lossis inhuman" hauv lawv. Thiab cov lus yuav tsis tig mus hu cov creations "faceless thiab gloomy", txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv lawv cov tsos sab nrauv koj yuav tsis pom ib tug carved arches, los yog pompous txhua, los yog luxurious ntsiab, thiab lwm yam. Lawv tsis tau tsuas yog practicality thiab functionality, tab sis kuj muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb kev zoo nkauj (nrog rau lub minimalism kiag li décor!), uas yog tsuas breathtaking.

Yog lawm, lawv, zoo li ntau lwm tus neeg niaj hnub, tau tawm mus los ntawm cov kev lees paub feem ntau hauv kev tsim vaj tsev, lawv cov haujlwm qhia txog tus kheej style thiab lub zeem muag. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm, ib tug neeg tam sim ntawd poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog lub simplicity thiab practicality ntawm lub tsev lawv tsim, thiab cov adherents ntawm classical qauv thiab kev cai thuam lawv mercilessly. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias txhua yam, cov kev tsim no nyob hauv qhov chaw tsim nyog nyob rau hauv niaj hnub architecture, vim hais tias lawv tau dhau los ua cov qauv zoo nkauj thiab muaj kev nyiam tiag tiag. Thiab qhov no yog vim tias cov kws sau ntawv tau tswj hwm los ua ke cov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev yooj yim nrog cov toj roob hauv pes ib puag ncig, ob qho tib si hauv nroog thiab thaj chaw ntuj.

Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis yog txhua tus tswj kom pom kev sib haum xeeb thiab cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog ntawm kev sib cuag, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv txawv txawv tshwm sim uas pom tseeb tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm nroog architecture.

Ntawm chav kawm, adherents ntawm tsim ib tug, txawm tias txom nyem nyob rau hauv lawv imitation, cov duab ntawm cov style yuav zoo siab, tab sis xws li ib tug lub tsev yuav tsis ua ib tug landmark (tsuas yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas koj tsim tsis tau!). Cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj tias "zoo" lossis "phem" architecture ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub neej zoo thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig, txhawb nqa lossis txhawb nqa tib neeg lub siab.

Yog lawm, yog tias koj coj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsev nyob nrog lub ntsej muag loj heev cov tsev siab siab uas tsis muaj qhov zoo nkauj, thiab feem ntau tsis muaj kev nplij siab, ces koj tuaj yeem ntxub xws li "hnub no architecture" thiab xav txog cov khoom no ua tiav cov crap, tua txawm tias. qhov kev cia siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub neej. Txawm hais tias qhov kev tsim kho loj ntawm ntau lub tsev tsev siab siab yog qhov nyuaj rau hu rau architecture, thiab qee zaum txawm tias tsis yooj yim sua.

Tab sis txhua yam tsis zoo li deplorable yog tiag tiag cov tub txawg tau nqis mus rau hauv kev lag luam, tsis chasing lub sijhawm kawg thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsev nyob. Hauv qhov no, cov chaw pw tsaug zog zoo li tsis muaj qhov ntxim nyiam (raws li cov qauv tam sim no hauv kev zam) dua li cov chaw hauv keeb kwm, qhov twg Victorian style lossis Empire style yeej, uas kuj yog fashionable thaum lub sij hawm lawv tab tom tsim.

Pom zoo, nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm los tsim ntau-storey tsev nyob rau hauv lub Gothic los yog romantic style yuav ua tiav absurdity. Qhov no yuav tsum tau to taub los ntawm cov neeg uas tsis xav perceive thiab txais niaj hnub architecture raws li ib tug inevitable tshwm sim ntawm tib neeg lub neej.

Tau kawg, qhov xwm txheej txawv yog cov skyscrapers, pej xeem cov tsev, cov chaw ua si, tshav dav hlau thiab chaw tsheb ciav hlau tau tsim hauv Art Nouveau style. Ntawm no, niaj hnub architects tsis tuaj yeem raug liam tias yog tus kheej. Vim tias cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab thev naus laus zis tau nquag siv hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, thiab qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj cov tsev khaws khoom ntau ntxiv, ua kom cov nplai ntawm cov arches thiab thaj tsam ntawm lub qhov rais, ua rau cov duab ntawm cov vaj tse nyuaj, lwm.

Txawm tias nyob rau hauv thawj cov khoom ntawm niaj hnub architecture, kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv unobtrusive décor yog pom tau hais tias, thiab lub cib nws tus kheej ua ib tug kaj nthuav dav ntawm lub façade tsim, tsis hais lub zam rau tiled cladding (majolica panels) thiab lub xub ntiag ntawm forged hlau lug. Qhov no yog dab tsi cuam tshuam rau sab nraud ntawm architectural lug, nyob rau hauv lub sab hauv, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, mloog mus rau kev nplij siab thiab functionality nrog simplicity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm décor.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom qab tsov rog, architects pib gravitate ntau rau kev phem kev phem thiab monumentalism. Kev tshawb nrhiav tshiab txhais tau hais tias los ntawm kev ntxhib thiab cov pob zeb loj heev yog feem ntau thuam thiab tsis lees paub. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias qhov kev npau suav no ploj mus sai heev, cov khoom seem tseem tsis lees paub. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv cov tsev niaj hnub no koj tuaj yeem pom cov pob zeb loj loj ntawm cov duab cubic, tab sis xws li lub zeem muag ntawm kev zoo nkauj thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kws sau ntawv ntawm cov haujlwm thiab lawv kuj muaj txoj cai kom muaj nyob.

Cov neeg tawm tsam ntawm cov qauv hauv niaj hnub architecture sib cav hais tias cov tsev tsim los ntawm cov neeg lim hiam los ntawm lub sijhawm no yuav luag txhua qhov tso tseg, vim tsis muaj leej twg xav nyob hauv cov tsev "dab tuag" (yog tias lawv yog cov tsev nyob). Yog tias cov no yog cov tsev khaws puav pheej, tsev kawm lossis chaw tsheb ciav hlau, ces lawv raug tso tseg vim "lawv ua rau ntshai heev."

Raws li nws tau paub rau cov kws sau ntawv ntawm Novate. Ru, cov lus no yog qhov kev xav ntawm cov neeg uas thuam cov neeg ua phem rau txhua yam. Qhov tseeb, qee lub tsev thiab txawm tias cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig tau raug tso tseg, tab sis rau qhov sib txawv kiag li thiab tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov tsos.

Cov lus ntawm tus kws tsim qauv thiab tus tsim qauv, tus tswv ntawm ntau qhov khoom plig tshaj lij, Hadi Tehrani, piav qhia qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog vim li cas kev ua tsis tiav hauv kev tsim kho thiab ua tiav qhov kev tsis lees paub ntawm qee yam khoom tshwm sim: "Cov qauv niaj hnub ua tsis tiav thaum nws tsis cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub neej thiab nws txoj kev ncaj ncees.. Nws yuav tsum muab tag nrho cov khoom ntawm nws lub neej kev noj qab nyob zoo, uas, zoo li ib tug puzzle, muaj ntau yam thiab sib npaug cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, xws li ecology, economic nam, txaus nyob qhov chaw, lub teeb, zoo nkauj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, daim ntawv, kev xav thiab kev zoo nkauj."

Thiab qhov nthuav tshaj plaws yog tias txhua lub teb chaws thiab txawm tias ib cheeb tsam muaj nws lub zeem muag thiab kev nkag siab txog kev tsim vaj tsev niaj hnub thiab dab tsi ua tau thiab qhov ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam. Qhov no yog vim muaj ntau yam - los ntawm kev xav thiab tus qauv ntawm kev nyob mus rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom siv rau cov tsev. Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho niaj hnub architects coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev nkag siab ntawm aesthetics ntawm cov pejxeem, lub geography ntawm lub cheeb tsam, kab lis kev cai thiab kab lis kev cai, ces yuav tsis muaj confrontation.

Txawm hais tias lub tsev no yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb, iav thiab hlau thiab nws muaj ib daim ntawv yooj yim, thev naus laus zis yam tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus zoo nkauj, cov qauv yuav ua rau muaj kev txaus siab, tab sis tsis tawm tsam.

Raws li kev xyaum qhia, dab tsi niaj hnub architects nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees tsim (yog hais tias tag nrho cov saum toj no raug coj mus rau hauv tus account nyob rau hauv lub project), feem ntau ntawm Germans perceive nws raws li ib tug kiag li tshwm sim - nyob rau hauv Russia, cov khoom no yeej yuav ua rau indignation, ib tug flurry. indignation thiab condignation. Los yog dab tsi zoo li hauv Nyij Pooj - Asmeskas yuav tsis lees txais thiab yuav xav tias nws tsis yog tus kheej thiab tsuas yog tsis muaj dab tsi.

Lawm, dhau sij hawm, lo lus "hnub no architecture" tau dhau los ua ntau dua li qhov nws tau ua thaum xub thawj, vim tias muaj ntau yam sib txawv thiab cov ceg ntoo tau tshwm sim, uas hloov qhov tseem ceeb txhua hnub. Tab sis qhov no yog qhov nkag siab, qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab ntawm lub neej, cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv lawv tus kheej cov cai thiab cov kev xav tau, thiab cov pej xeem yuav tsis muaj peev xwm txaus siab rau txhua qhov kev tsim ntawm cov kws tsim vaj tsev thiab cov tsim qauv ntawm lawv qhov muaj nqis tiag.