Slavic cuisine nyob rau hauv Russia - keeb kwm thiab kab lig kev cai

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

"Auj, lub teeb ci ntsa iab thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj hauv tebchaws Russia! Koj tau txais koob meej rau ntau yam kev zoo nkauj: koj muaj npe nrov rau ntau lub pas dej, cov dej ntws hauv zos thiab cov dej ntws, cov roob, toj siab, cov ntoo qhib siab, cov teb huv si, cov tsiaj zoo nkauj, ntau cov noog, suav tsis txheeb, cov nroog loj, cov zos zoo nkauj, vaj tsev vaj, cov tuam tsev. Vaj tswv …, - sau cov keeb kwm yav dhau los. - Koj tau puv nrog txhua yam, thaj av Lavxias!.."

Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv qhov dav dav - los ntawm Hiav Txwv Dawb nyob rau sab qaum teb mus rau Dub nyob rau sab qab teb, los ntawm lub hiav txwv Baltic nyob rau sab hnub poob mus rau lub hiav txwv Pacific nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, Russians nyob rau hauv lub zej zog nrog rau lwm haiv neeg - ib lub teb chaws koom ua lus., kab lis kev cai thiab txoj kev ua neej.

Cuisine yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm txhua haiv neeg. Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas ethnographers pib kawm lub neej ntawm txhua tus neeg nrog kev kawm ntawm nws cov zaub mov, vim hais tias nws qhia txog keeb kwm, lub neej thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm tib neeg. Lavxias teb sab cuisine nyob rau hauv lub siab no yog tsis muaj kev zam, nws kuj yog ib feem ntawm peb kab lis kev cai, peb keeb kwm.

Thawj scant cov ntaub ntawvhais txog Lavxias teb sab cuisine muaj nyob rau hauv lub annals - cov hiob sau qhov chaw ntawm lub X-XV centuries. Laus Lavxias teb sab cuisine pib coj los ntawm lub xyoo pua 9th thiab los ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th mus txog rau nws heyday. Lawm, tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab cuisine yog feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso thiab thaj chaw. Kev nplua nuj ntawm cov dej ntws, pas dej, hav zoov tau pab txhawb rau qhov tshwm sim hauv Lavxias teb sab cuisine ntawm ntau cov tais diav los ntawm ntses, kev ua si, nceb, thiab qus berries.

Nws yog txoj kev ntseeg tias los ntawm kev cog qoob loo, loj hlob thiab sau cov ncuav, ib tug neeg thawj zaug tau txais nws lub tebchaws. Los ntawm lub sij hawm immemorial, cov Rus tau loj hlob rye, oats, nplej, barley, millet, thiab buckwheat nyob rau hauv lawv cov av. Cereal porridges tau siav los ntawm lawv: oatmeal, buckwheat, spelled, rye … Porridgeyog thiab tseem yog peb lub teb chaws tais. Nws nrog cov neeg Lavxias thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej: cov me nyuam me tau noj nrog semolina siav hauv cov mis nyuj, cov neeg laus nyiam buckwheat porridge, kutia * yog ib lub tais memorial.

Porridge yog suav hais tias yog "ua ntej" ntawm qhob cij. "Porridge yog peb niam, thiab rye qhob cij yog peb haiv neeg txiv" - hais lus Lavxias teb sab.

Nws tau paub txij li lub sijhawm immemorial nyob rau hauv Russia unleavened thiab qaub mov paj … Los ntawm ib qho yooj yim unleavened mov paj, lawv ua kalyadki, muaj kua, tom qab noodles, dumplings, dumplings. Dub rye qhob cij tau ci los ntawm qaub poov mov paj, yam tsis muaj lub rooj Lavxias teb sab tsis xav txog rau hnub no. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th, cov hmoov nplej tau tshwm sim, thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom ci tau nce zuj zus, muaj loaves, yob, ntaub pua plag, pies, pancakes, pancakes thiab lwm yam pastries.

Cov tais diav qub tshaj plaws suav nrog Lavxias oat, rye, nplej jelly … Lawv muaj tsawg kawg yog 1000 xyoo. Zaj dab neeg ntawm yuav ua li cas lub jelly cawm lub nroog yog kaw nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm hu ua "Tale of Bygone Years". Nov yog qhov uas tus kws sau keeb kwm Nestor tau hais txog.

Niaj hnub no, grain jelly yog xyaum tsis nco qab lawm. Lawv tau hloov los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo jelly ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, uas tshwm sim yuav luag 900 xyoo tom qab cov nplej.

Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th, turnip, cabbage, radish, peas, cucumbers twb muaj nyob rau hauv Russia. Lawv tau noj nyoos, steamed, boiled, ci, salted, pickled. Qos yaj ywm tau nthuav dav nyob rau hauv Russia tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, thiab txiv lws suav nyob rau hauv 19th. Txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, yuav luag tsis muaj zaub xam lav hauv Lavxias cuisine. Thawj cov zaub xam lav tau tsim los ntawm ib qho zaub, yog li lawv tau hu ua: zaub qhwv zaub qhwv, dib lossis qos yaj ywm nyias. Tom qab ntawd, daim ntawv qhia rau cov zaub xam lav tau nyuaj, lawv pib ua los ntawm cov zaub sib txawv, ntxiv cov nqaij thiab ntses, thiab cov npe tshiab tau tshwm sim: "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav", "Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv", "Hiav Txwv Pearl" thiab lwm yam.

Cov kua dej kub, lawv tau hu ua brew, los yog qhob cij, tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm: thawj, kua zaub, zaub qhwv, stews, zatiruhi, tham, tom qab borscht, kalya, pickle, ces hodgepodge. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov kua dej kub tau txais lub npe nrov - kua zaub.

Ntawm cov dej qab zib, kvass, zib mu, txhua yam decoctions los ntawm hav zoov tshuaj ntsuab, thiab kuj sbitni **** tau dav. Cov txuj lom, thiab, ntxiv rau, nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau, tau siv nyob rau hauv Russia txij li thaum xyoo pua XI. Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws cov tub lag luam coj cloves, cinnamon, qhiav, cardamom, saffron, coriander, bay nplooj, dub kua txob, txiv ntseej, los yog, raws li nws yog ces hu ua, ntoo roj, txiv qaub, thiab lwm yam. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias Russia tau koom nyob rau hauv nws kim heev. kev lag luam: sab hnub poob nrog Vikings thiab Germans, nyob rau sab qab teb nrog cov Greeks thiab Danube Bulgarians, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj nrog cov neeg Esxias. Txoj Kev Dej Loj "los ntawm Varangians mus rau Greeks" thiab Txoj Kev Silk Loj tau khiav hla Ancient Rus.

Tshuaj yejthawj zaug tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th. Raws li rau dej cawv, nyob rau hauv Ancient Russia lawv haus dej cawv tsawg - fermented honeys thiab fermented txiv hmab txiv ntoo kua txiv. Vodka thawj zaug coj mus rau Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, tab sis tam sim ntawd txwv tsis pub rau ntshuam thiab rov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Ivan lub txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm thawj "Tsar lub tavern" twb qhib.

Lub originality ntawm cov tais diav ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub teb chaws cuisine yog txiav txim tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm cov txheej ntawm cov khoom los ntawm cov zaub mov tau npaj, tab sis kuj los ntawm peculiarities ntawm lawv cov kev npaj. nyob rau hauv Russia qhov cub … Thaum xub thawj, Lavxias teb sab qhov cub tau ua tsis muaj lub chimney thiab raug rho tawm haujlwm hauv "dub" txoj kev. Tom qab ntawd, cov qhov cub nrog cov kav dej tau tshwm sim, thiab tom qab ntawd cov qhov cub thiab qhov cub tau ntxiv rau qhov cub. Lawv ua zaub mov hauv Lavxias teb sab qhov cub, ci qhob cij, brewed kvass thiab npias, thiab cov khoom noj qhuav qhuav ntawm qhov cub. Lub qhov cub ua kom sov lub tsev, cov neeg laus thiab cov menyuam yaus tau pw ntawm qhov cub, thiab hauv qee qhov chaw lawv tau muab tso rau hauv lub qhov cub loj ntawm Lavxias teb sab qhov cub, zoo li hauv chav da dej.

Cov zaub mov siav nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab qhov cub tau txawv los ntawm nws cov saj zoo heev. Qhov no tau yooj yim los ntawm cov duab ntawm cov tais diav, qhov kub thiab txias ntawm txhua sab. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab qhov cub, zaub mov tau siav nyob rau hauv av nplaum lauj kaub thiab cam khwb cia hlau. Ob leeg muaj lub caj dab nqaim, me hauv qab thiab loj convex sab. Lub caj dab nqaim txo evaporation thiab kev sib cuag nrog huab cua, yog li pab txhawb kom khaws cia zoo ntawm cov vitamins, as-ham thiab aromas. Cov zaub mov nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab qhov cub tau siav yuav luag tsis muaj boiling vim lub fact tias qhov kub nyob rau hauv qhov cub maj mam txo, vim hais tias lub qhov cub yog thawj rhuab thiab ces siav nyob rau hauv nws. Yog li, cov zaub mov hauv Lavxias teb sab qhov cub tau steamed ntau dua los yog, raws li lawv tau hais ua ntej, languished. Yog li ntawd, porridges, peas soups, thiab sauerkraut kua zaub yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cua.

Lub qhov cub Lavxias, tau ua haujlwm nrog kev ntseeg thiab qhov tseeb rau tsawg kawg 3000 xyoo, tam sim no tau tawm hauv lub nroog tag nrho thiab maj mam tawm hauv cov tsev nyob deb nroog. Nws tau hloov los ntawm cov roj thiab hluav taws xob qhov cub, hluav taws xob grills, microwave ncu. Cov tais diav siav nyob rau hauv qhov cub nyob rau hauv ib lub tais ceramic nyob rau hauv lub khob noom cookie lub hau khaws cia rau ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm saj thiab aroma ntawm qub Lavxias teb sab cuisine.

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, lub cuisine ntawm lub Upper chav kawm ntawv txawv me ntsis ntawm cov cuisine ntawm cov neeg. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, cov zaub mov ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe, nrog rau cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, tau dhau los ua ntau thiab ntau dua, txawv tsis yog nyob rau hauv qhov ntau, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov khoom xyaw thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev noj cov tais diav. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov no feem ntau siv rau lub rooj noj mov, rooj noj mov. Nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm yoo mov, tsarist cuisine tseem khaws nws cov yam ntxwv.

Tsarist lub koob tsheej tau txawv ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb zoo nkauj, pomp thiab nplua nuj ntawm cov tais diav. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tais diav ntawm lawv mus txog 150-200, qhov loj ntawm cov tais diav thiab lub sijhawm ntawm lub tsiab peb caug nce: raws li txoj cai, nws pib nrog noj su thiab kav mus txog thaum tsaus ntuj.

Qhov no yog li cas A. K. Tolstoy piav nyob rau hauv phau ntawv tshiab "Prince of the Silver" lub tsiab peb caug npaj los ntawm Ivan the Terrible rau 700 tus neeg saib xyuas.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th nyob rau hauv Russia tau cim los ntawm ib tug tshiab theem nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg. Peter kuv tsis tsuas yog tsiv lub peev los ze rau Western Europe thiab hloov cov chronology, tab sis kuj yuam kom hloov ntau yam kev lis kev cai.

Pib los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Peter lub Great, Lavxias teb sab cuisine pib tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug tseem ceeb cuam tshuam los ntawm Western European cuisine, thawj German thiab Dutch, thiab tom qab Fabkis.

Lavxias teb sab nom tswv pib "sau npe" txawv teb chaws kws ua zaub mov, uas tau tshem tawm tag nrho Lavxias teb sab cooks los ntawm cov chav kawm siab. Lub qhov cub tau muab coj los ntawm cov neeg nyob sab hnub poob nrog rau cov lauj kaub, cov ntawv ci, thiab cov tais diav. Lub rooj Lavxias teb sab tau ntxiv nrog cov qhaub cij, zaub nyoos, pates thiab broths, qhov ntau ntawm cov tais diav kib hauv cov lauj kaub (steaks, entrecotes, langets, cutlets) nthuav dav, cov kua ntses zoo nkauj, jellies, cream, mousses, thiab lwm yam tau tshwm sim. hu ua Fabkis txoj kev coj cwj pwm, piv txwv li, lub npe nrov Lavxias teb sab appetizer ntawm boiled qos yaj ywm thiab beets nrog pickles pib hu ua vinaigrette los ntawm Fabkis vinagre - vinegar. Cov niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab taverns nrog tsev sib deev tau hloov los ntawm cov tsev noj mov nrog lub taub hau waiter thiab waiters. Tag nrho cov kev hloov tshiab no tau nkag mus rau hauv lub teb chaws cuisine qeeb heev, thiab ntau yam tshiab fangled influences xyaum tsis cuam tshuam rau kev noj haus ntawm tib neeg.

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias ntau pua xyoo, nrog rau cov tais diav qub, ntau tau qiv los ntawm cov neeg nyob ze. Yog li ntawd, nws ntseeg tau hais tias cov nplej zom thiab cov poov xab ua khob noom cookie tuaj rau peb los ntawm cov Scythians thiab los ntawm Greek colonies ntawm Dub hiav txwv dej; mov, buckwheat, txuj lom thiab cawv - los ntawm Byzantium; tshuaj yej, txiv qaub, dumplings - los ntawm cov neeg nyob ze sab hnub tuaj; borscht thiab cabbage yob - los ntawm Western Slavs. Lawm, tau tuaj rau Lavxias teb sab av, txawv teb chaws tais diav assimilated nrog Lavxias teb sab ua noj kev lig kev cai, tau ib tug Lavxias teb sab tsw. Lub siab xav mus ntxuav Lavxias teb sab cuisine ntawm txawv teb chaws influences tsuas yog tsis muaj kev nkag siab zoo li kev sim los ntxuav cov lus Lavxias ntawm cov lus ntawm txawv teb chaws.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev coj dawb huv ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev coj noj coj ua thiab purity ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus muaj keeb kwm ntev. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv V. K. Trediakovsky thiab A. P. Sumarokov txais tos cov tsos ntawm lo lus kua zaub nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab indignation. Sumarokov sau ntawv:

Lub sij hawm dhau mus, thiab tam sim no tsis muaj leej twg cuam tshuam rau cov kua zaub, tab sis tshiab, tom qab qiv, xws li cocktails, yog qhov tsis pom zoo. Tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem hloov lo lus cocktail nrog cov lus qab zib haus, tab sis peb cov tub ntxhais hluas mus tuav, mus rau tog thiab haus cov cocktails heev! Thiab qhov no yog txhua qhov chaw hauv nroog ib puag ncig - los ntawm Novgorod mus rau Vladivostok.

Cov lus nug ntawm txawv teb chaws influences thiab qiv tau thiab tseem yog qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm feem ntau thiab nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab cuisine nyob rau hauv particular. Nws yog tsim nyog los hais cov lus ntawm Academician D. S. Likhachev: "Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai yog ib tug qhib kab lis kev cai, ib tug zoo thiab siab tawv kab lis kev cai, lees txais txhua yam thiab muaj tswv yim nkag siab txhua yam."

Muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau tag nrho Lavxias lub neej, nrog rau cov zaub mov Lavxias, muaj txais yuav cov ntseeg Vajtswv … Nrog rau kev sib kis ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau hauv Russia, muaj ib tug ntse faib ntawm Lavxias teb sab rooj rau lean thiab tsis-ceev, uas yog, me ntsis. Kev yoo mov ntawm 196 mus rau 212 hnub hauv ib xyoos (ntau xyoo sib txawv) ua rau muaj ntau hom hmoov nplej, zaub, nceb thiab ntses tais diav. Thaum lub sijhawm yoo mov, ib tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem mob siab rau kom muaj kev lom zem, noj nqaij thiab khoom noj siv mis, qe thiab qab zib, thiab thaum lub sijhawm yoo mov nws raug txwv tsis pub noj ntses. Kev yoo mov tau ntau hnub - Lent, Christmas, Epiphany thiab lwm yam, nrog rau ib hnub - hnub Wednesdays thiab Fridays.

Tom qab kev yoo mov, muaj hnub so, hnub ntawm cov nqaij noj, thiab tom qab ntawd lub rooj ntshiv tau hloov los ntawm kev yoo mov. Muaj ntau hnub so - los ntawm 174 txog 190 ib xyoos. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias lub neej nyob rau hauv Russia yog nyob rau hauv lub caj dab ntawm hnub so.

Txoj kev vam meej hauv cov nqaij thiab cov khoom noj siv mis yog nyob ntawm kev mob siab thiab mob siab rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua, nqaij, nqaij qaib, ntses, kev ua si raug thauj mus rau St. Petersburg thiab Moscow los ntawm lub laub. Lub rooj festive yog rau feem ntau cov nplua nuj thiab plentiful. Kev nplua nuj, raws li Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm I. N. Boltin, yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus Lavxias. Rau hnub so, lawv tau ua txhua yam ntawm pies, ci pancakes, siav jellies, roasted npua, geese thiab ducks.

Lub qub Lavxias teb sab ceev lub rooj tau txawv los ntawm kev npaj cov tais diav los ntawm tag nrho cov carcass ntawm ib tug noog los yog tsiaj, los yog ib tug loj daim ntawm nqaij. Shredded nqaij yog siv tsuas yog rau sau pies los yog stuffing geese, qaib, yaj thiab nqaij npuas ceg, thiab cov thawv ntim khoom. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Western European cuisine, lub rooj Lavxias teb sab ua ntau ntau haiv neeg.

Tus kws sau ntawv nto moo I. S. Shmelev nyob rau hauv cov ntawv tshiab "Tus Tswv Lub Caij Ntuj Sov" piav qhia txog lub ntshiv thiab lub rooj noj mov ntawm lub npe hnub nyob rau hauv nws txiv lub tsev: Vladychnuyu ", ntses croquettes nrog granular caviar, burbot ntses kua zaub, peb pies" ntawm plaub fab "- nrog tshiab porcini nceb, thiab visiga nyob rau hauv zander caviar, - thiab "venerable" salmon thiab volovan-ograte, nrog mov ntses thiab nrog caviar ci; thiab aspic los ntawm sturgeon, thiab puffed cutlets los ntawm beluzhin ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws xaiv, nrog gravy los ntawm nceb nrog capers-txiv ntseej, nyob rau hauv ib tug txiv qaub; thiab steamed whitefish garnished nrog crayfish caj dab; thiab txiv ntseej ncuav mog qab zib, thiab almond cream drenched nyob rau hauv perfumed rum, thiab ib co pineapple maseduvan, nyob rau hauv cherries thiab golden peaches.

Kev nplua nuj ntawm Lavxias teb sab rooj yuav tsum tsis txhob totaub nrog gluttony. Feem ntau abundance ntawm Lavxias teb sab roojtau txuam nrog kev tos txais qhua - lub teb chaws zoo ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, qhov tseeb, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Gluttony, cov cuab yeej yog superfluous, tau suav hais tias yog ib tug vice ntau thiab greedily. Hais txog ib tug neeg uas noj tsis tau, cov neeg hais nrog rau txim: "Tsis muaj whine nyob rau hauv nws."

Hais txog Lavxias teb sab cuisine nyob rau hauv dav dav, nws yog tsim nyog los nyob rau hauv nws lub regional yam ntxwv. Lawv tau piav qhia feem ntau los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm thaj chaw ntuj thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov khoom cog.

Cov yam ntxwv hauv cheeb tsamtsim los kuj nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze. Yog li ntawd, cov zaub mov ntawm Novgorodians, Muscovites, Siberians-Urals, Don thiab Terek Cossacks, Dawb Hiav txwv Pomors yog heev txawv ntawm ib leeg. Ntau yam uas tau paub zoo thiab paub hauv ib cheeb tsam tseem tsis tau paub txog sab nraum nws ciam teb.

Cov xwm txheej ntxhov siab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, uas ua rau kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov pejxeem, kev loj hlob thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm kev tshaj tawm xov xwm, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev noj zaub mov rau pej xeem nrog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov zaub mov, kom muaj ntau yam smoothed tawm hauv cheeb tsam nta, tab sis. rau ib qho twg kuj txhawb nqa thoob tebchaws Russia cuisine. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv Novgorod thiab Pskov lawv tseem noj zaub qhwv kua zaub nrog smelt, hauv Don - ntses kua zaub nrog txiv lws suav, nyob rau sab qaum teb lawv noj venison, thiab hauv Siberia - stroganin *****.

Lavxias teb sab cuisine tau los ntev heev nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no muaj lub sij hawm tsim, txhim kho thiab kev vam meej, tab sis kuj muaj lub sij hawm ntawm poob, muaj ci thawj pom, muaj kev vam meej qiv, tab sis kuj ua phem poob.

SNACKS

Ib tug txawv feature ntawm Lavxias teb sab cuisine yog nplua nuj thiab ntau yam khoom noj txom ncauj. Rau qhov tuaj txog ntawm cov qhua, ob qho tib si yav dhau los thiab tam sim no nws yog kev cai rau peb ua txhua yam ntawm pickles ntawm lub rooj: sauerkraut, pickled apples, pickled nceb, cucumbers, herring. Hauv lub tsev tos txais qhua, cov tswv tsev tos txais qhua ntawm lub qhov rooj thiab caw lawv mus rau lub rooj ua ntej.

Txhua yam zaub xam lav coj lawv qhov chaw mus tas li ob qho tib si ntawm lub festive thiab ntawm lub rooj noj mov txhua hnub. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cocktails zaub xam lav tau tshwm sim hauv khw noj mov thiab cafes raws li appetizers, ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm uas yog kev sib tsoo tag nrho cov Cheebtsam. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas txiav txim siab qhov saj ntawm cov zaub xam lav thiab txoj kev uas nws tau txais. Cocktail zaub xam lav tau txais kev pab hauv iav, siv lead ua iav los yog tais nrog ib tug teaspoon. Lawv yog cov yooj yim los npaj, savory nyob rau hauv saj thiab coj ib tug tej yam novelty rau kev siv cov khoom paub. Cov khoom zoo no ua rau cov zaub xam lav cocktail zoo rau lub rooj hauv tsev.

Ua ntej npaj cov zaub nyoos, cov zaub mov yeej txias.

Cov khoom noj txom ncauj kub tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv tsev, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv tsev noj mov. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv tau tsiv mus rau qeb ntawm cov chav kawm thib ob. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog boiled qos yaj ywm nrog butter thiab julienne, uas tuaj rau peb los ntawm Fabkis cuisine. Lub caij no, cov khoom noj txom ncauj kub yog cov khoom noj txom ncauj zoo tshaj plaws rau cov dej qab zib.

Lub saj ntawm appetizers nyob ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov kua ntses thiab gravy, uas yog, ntawm qhov lawv tau seasoned nrog. Tib lub tais, seasoned nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, yog perceived txawv.

Tau ntev, khoom noj txom ncauj, zoo li lwm yam tais diav, feem ntau yog dai kom zoo nkauj, los yog, raws li lawv hais, dai kom zoo nkauj. Kho kom zoo nkauj yog, ntawm chav kawm, ib qho teeb meem ntawm saj, tab sis muaj ib txoj cai hloov tsis tau: koj yuav tsum decorate nrog cov khoom uas yog ib feem ntawm lub tais. Qhov tshwj xeeb tsuas yog tshuaj ntsuab thiab qee zaum berries. Feem ntau, koj yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas "drools" kom lub mere pom ntawm lub tais yuav whet koj qab los noj mov!

CEEB TOOM

* Kutia los yog kutia - porridge nrog raisins, zib mu broth, ua los ntawm barley, nplej los yog mov, coj mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm kev ua koob tsheej thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub memorial rooj, thiab nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw ntawm Christmas Eve.

**Tsyzh yog cov tshuaj jelly.

*** Syta - zib mu broth, boiled zib mu on dej.

**** Sbiten yog ib qho dej haus kub ua nrog zib ntab thiab txuj lom.

***** Stroganina - cov ntses khov tshiab uas tau noj yam tsis muaj kev kho cua sov ua ntej