Baltica raws li lub sijhawm foob pob

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cov riam phom uas tau muab pov tseg rau hauv hiav txwv Baltic ntau dua 70 xyoo dhau los tuaj yeem rov qab los haunt nrog qhov tshwm sim tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim txhua lub sijhawm.

Cov kws tshaj lij Swedish tau pom cov kab "mustard gas" (mustard gas, blistering agent) thiab diphenylchloroarsine (irritating agent) nyob rau hauv cw ntes tau nyob rau hauv North Hiav txwv. Cov kws tshaj lij xav tias qhov no yuav yog qhov xau ntawm cov neeg ua tsov rog tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm cov nkoj nrog cov riam phom chemical sunk tom qab tsov rog.

UA TSAUG NTAU TSHAJ?

Qhov tseeb hais tias lub teb chaws ntawm lub hiav txwv Baltic zoo li zaum nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm mines tau paub rov qab nyob rau hauv lub lig 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, thaum cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv loj burials ntawm cov tshuaj munitions nyob rau hauv lub seabed tau declassified thiab tshaj tawm rau pej xeem. Tom qab ntawd cov xov xwm (ob leeg Lavxias thiab txawv teb chaws) tau tshaj tawm tias yog tias lub plhaub ntawm lub thawv, lub plhaub thiab lub foob pob raug puas tsuaj, dej hiav txwv yuav tuag, thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm 30 lab tus tib neeg nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Baltic yuav raug puas tsuaj irreparably.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij Lavxias tau kwv yees qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm emissions loj ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg pov tseg thiab kev sib kis ntawm cov dej loj ntawm Baltic thiab North Seas. Tab sis me ntsis twb hnov txog lawv. Mloog, nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm peb tus thawj tswj hwm, tam sim no.

Xaus hauv dej

Ib qho lus piav qhia tseem ceeb: nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tsis muaj leej twg tsis tsuas yog tsis tsa, tab sis tseem tsis tau tshaj tawm cov lus nug ntawm ib lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tog neeg tshwj xeeb rau kev faus. Rau lawv tau tsim los ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm kev tawm tsam Hitler koom ua ke raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm 40s. Yog li ntawd, txhua yam tau hloov mus ua ib qho teeb meem ntawm technology.

Tom qab kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tshuaj tua hluav taws hauv xyoo 1946, USSR, Great Britain thiab Tebchaws Meskas kuj tau xaiv qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv pov tseg - coj lawv tawm mus rau hauv hiav txwv qhib thiab dej nyab lawv. Tab sis ua nws hauv dej hiav txwv tob, raws li tau npaj tseg, cua daj cua dub tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, 42 lub nkoj nrog 130 tons ntawm cov tshuaj khaws cia tau raug xa mus rau hauv qab hauv Skagerrak thiab Kattegat straits, txuas lub Baltic mus rau Atlantic. Raws li rau 35 txhiab tons ntawm cov mos txwv tshuaj lom neeg uas lub Soviet Union tau txais, nws tau tawg lawv nyob rau hauv bulk raws ntug hiav txwv dej nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm Bornholm Island thiab qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Liepaja.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, cov Allies pov tseg 270 txhiab tons ntawm cov tshuaj riam phom tom qab tsov rog - ib tug tuag taus "paub" rau ntses thiab tib neeg tib lub sij hawm. Thiab txawm hais tias tam sim ntawd tom qab qhov kev ua haujlwm zais cia, cov lus ceeb toom-cov lus piav qhia tau tshwm sim hauv cov kab kos npe: "Kev nyab xeeb ntawm riam phom tshuaj", "Polygon", "Nuv ntses yog txwv tsis pub", thiab lwm yam, los ntawm qee lub sijhawm hauv qab dej "xav tsis thoob" ua rau lawv tus kheej xav, thiab cov neeg uas muaj lub imprudence los mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lawv tau ntev tau kho qhov txhab uas tsis kho.

LEEJ TWG YOG LEEJ TWG?

Cov kws tshaj lij Polish muaj lawv tus kheej tus account ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Raws li lawv, nyob rau hauv lub Little Belt cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv 1945, lub Wehrmacht nteg 69 txhiab tons ntawm artillery shells nrog ib pab tsiaj thiab 5 txhiab tons ntawm cov foob pob thiab artillery shells uas muaj ib pab tsiaj thiab phosphine.

Cov neeg tim khawv kuj ua pov thawj tias xyoo 1946 ntau dua 8,000 tons ntawm cov tshuaj tua hluav taws tau pov tseg hauv thaj tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm Bornholm los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm British tub rog ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, muaj dej nyab raws ntug dej hiav txwv Kaliningrad hauv Gulf of Gdansk.

Ob peb xyoos dhau los, Vadim Paka, ces tus thawj coj ntawm Atlantic ceg ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Oceanology. P. P. Shirshova, tau muab cov duab hauv qab no rau kuv: muaj txog 60 qhov chaw pov tseg hauv Baltic.

Los ntawm txoj kev, cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub koom haum no tau rov ntsib cov cuab yeej cuab tam tshuaj nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub Baltic. Ua haujlwm tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Sweden ze ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj Lysechil, R / V "Xib Fwb Shtokman" tau tshawb pom qhov loj ntawm cov khoom hauv qab ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm thaum lub sij hawm tawg ntawm cov tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv lawv cov plhaub, uas yog ntau pua zaus siab dua tus qauv. qib.

TAB SIS YOG IB TUG NEEG…

Cov kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb caj ces los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws qhia tau hais tias txawm tias cov tshuaj lom tsis tseem ceeb xws li cov roj mustard muaj nyob hauv dej tsis pom los ntawm cov cuab yeej niaj hnub no, tab sis thaum lawv nkag mus rau cov kab mob muaj sia, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov kab mob caj ces.

Raws li xibfwb Tarasov los ntawm lub koom haum ntawm General Genetics ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences, txawm tias cov ingress ntawm ib tug neeg mustard roj molecules rau hauv ib tug muaj sia nyob yuav ua rau deformities thiab kis mob cancer. Raws li British geneticist Charlotte Auerbach, ib los yog ob lub molecules ntawm mustard roj los yog lewisite tuaj yeem tsoo tus neeg txoj cai caj ces, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv ob lossis peb tiam.

Cov khoom ntawm lewisite zoo ib yam li cov roj mustard, yog li yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom ntawm nws cov kev hloov pauv yog ib puag ncig txaus ntshai. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1990, ntau txhiab tus crabs thiab mussels tuag, tshaj 6 lab ntses hnub qub tau pom nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Dawb. Cov qauv qhia tau hais tias yuav luag txhua lub neej marine tuag los ntawm mustard roj. Qhov tseeb yog tias xyoo 1950, ntau txhiab tus tub rog raug ntes ntawm German, Romanian thiab Nyij Pooj tau poob rau hauv White thiab Barents Seas.

Hauv dej Baltic, corrosion noj li 0.1 hli ntawm lub plhaub ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv ib xyoos. Tshaj li 70 xyoo dhau los, cov thawv ntim tshuaj lom neeg tau dhau los ua sieve. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, kwv yees li 4 txhiab tons ntawm mustard roj tau nkag mus rau hauv dej hiav txwv thiab hauv qab cov sediments.

YUAV UA LI CAS?

Rov qab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem, Vice Admiral Tengiz Borisov, tus thawj coj ntawm pab pawg neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub interdepartmental commission ntawm disarmament, qhia lub tswv yim hais tias yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm ceev kom tsis txhob muaj tshuaj lom neeg tuag nyob rau hauv lub seabed. Txwv tsis pub, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tag nrho cov xeev ntawm Baltic phiab, thiab tsis yog nws xwb. Cov kwj deg muaj peev xwm nqa tau los ntawm Skagerrak Strait mus rau North Hiav Txwv, cov dej uas ntxuav cov ntug dej ntawm ob peb lub teb chaws. Yog li ntawd, qhov teeb meem ntawm neutralizing faus chemical riam phom txhawj xeeb tsis yog ib los yog ob peb lub xeev, tab sis tsawg kawg yog tag nrho cov teb chaws Europe.

Hmoov tsis zoo, cov kws tshaj lij tseem tsis tau muaj kev pom zoo rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis txhob muaj tshuaj lom neeg puas tsuaj hauv Baltic. Ib txhia ntawm lawv feem ntau ntseeg hais tias ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob kov cov tshuaj munitions thiab cuam tshuam nrog lub ntuj txheej txheem ntawm lawv decomposition.

Feem coob, ntseeg nyob rau hauv dav dav hais tias qhov nce ntawm mos txwv nyob rau hauv qab yog fraught nrog txaus ntshai txim, tab tom nrhiav ib txoj kev los mus rau neutralize lawv. Hauv qhov no, cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias mus rau qhov deb tshaj plaws, uas ua raws li lawv txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm lub nkoj nuclear Komsomolets, uas raug kev puas tsuaj hauv hiav txwv Norwegian.

Thaum muaj kev txaus ntshai ntawm corrosion ntawm nuclear reactor thiab nuclear warheads nyob rau hauv lub nkoj, Lavxias teb sab kws tshwj xeeb pib tsim kev ntsuas los cais lub submarine. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, nws tau pom tseeb tias kev nqa nws yog kev ua haujlwm hnyav, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nws tsis tau lees tias lub nkoj ntawm lub nkoj yuav tsis poob. Thiab ces nws tau txiav txim siab los npog "Komsomolets" nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb plaster. Kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no tau pom tias tsis muaj qhov xau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm lub nkoj uas siv hluav taws xob nuclear. Muaj kev paub txog kev paub thiab thev naus laus zis tiag tiag, Russia tau thov kom siv tib txoj kev hais txog kev siv tshuaj lom neeg.

20 xyoo dhau los hauv Oslo, ntawm lub rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm kev pov tseg riam phom tshuaj, Lavxias teb sab tau nthuav tawm rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm 13 lub teb chaws nws lub zeem muag ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm kev pov tseg cov tshuaj tua hluav taws hauv qab ntawm Hiav Txwv Baltic, nrog rau kev pom zoo. hais txog ib puag ncig. Txoj kev Lavxias tau pom zoo los ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Tab sis cov lus nug yog dai rau saum huab cua vim nyiaj txiag ntawm qhov project.

Rov qab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem, Lavxias teb sab Center for Environmental Safety tau npaj lub Skagen project rau tshem tawm cov tshuaj burials. Nws kuj tau daig vim nyiaj txiag. Hauv kev tshaj xov xwm, kuv pom cov ntaub ntawv hais tias sarcophagi rau lub nkoj sunken nrog tshuaj riam phom tuaj yeem tsim tau siv aquapolymer tsim los ntawm Asmeskas cov kws tshawb fawb rau qhov chaw xav tau. Nws cov granules tuaj yeem, tau nqus dej, nce 400 zaug. Nws yog ib qho ua tau los qhia cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion rau hauv lawv, tom qab ntawd ncuav mus rau hauv vaj tse, tshem cov dej thiab npog txhua yam nrog lub tsho ntaub iav. Tab sis dua lo lus nug rests ntawm nyiaj txiag.

Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tshem tawm cov riam phom tshuaj nyob rau hauv Baltic xyoo 1998 tau kwv yees los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm $ 2 billion. Niaj hnub no, tag nrho cov no tej zaum yuav raug nqi me ntsis ntxiv. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog ib qho teeb meem rau Tebchaws Meskas thiab lub tebchaws Baltic Hiav Txwv, uas siv cov nyiaj zoo heev ntawm cov peev nyiaj tub rog.

Thaj, tsoomfwv lub voj voog ntawm lub tebchaws Baltic Hiav Txwv tsis xav kom poob nyiaj ntau lab daus las hauv cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev ncig xyuas thiab nuv ntses, yog li lawv zais qhov tseeb ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov pejxeem.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws kho mob Scandinavian hais lus nrov thiab nrov dua txog qhov muaj mob qog noj ntshav thiab kab mob hauv lawv lub tebchaws. Piv txwv li, ib lub teb chaws tus phooj ywg zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no - Sweden - tau tawm los rau sab saum toj ntawm cov xwm txheej mob qog noj ntshav. Puas yog qhov no tsis yog kev ceeb toom loj ntawm kev phom sij rau ntawm ntug hiav txwv?!

Tsuas yog NUMBERS xwb

Cov tub rog Soviet archives muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog dab tsi tau pom nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj arsenals ntawm East Germany thiab pov tseg nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Baltic:

71,469 mustard gas-filled 250-kilogram foob pob;

14,258 500-kg, 250-kg thiab 50-kg aerial foob pob nruab nrog chloroacetophenone, diphenylchloroarsine, adamite thiab arsine roj;

408,565 artillery shells ntawm 75 mm, 105 mm thiab 150 mm caliber, puv nrog mustard roj;

34,592 qhov av mines nruab nrog roj mustard, 20 kg thiab 50 kg txhua;

10 420 pa luam yeeb mines ntawm 100 mm caliber;

1004 tech tanks muaj 1506 tons ntawm mustard roj;

8429 chim muaj 1030 tons ntawm adamsite thiab diphenylchloroarsine;

169 tons ntawm cov khoom ntim tshuab nrog cov tshuaj lom, uas muaj cyanide ntsev, chlorarsin, cyanarsin thiab axelarsin;

7860 cov kaus poom ntawm "Cyclone B", uas cov Nazis tau siv dav hauv 300 qhov chaw tuag rau kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm cov neeg raug kaw hauv chav roj.