Vodka los ntawm roj av: tus qauv ua kom yuam kev ntawm cawv moguls

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cov neeg haus dej haus cawv hais tias vodka yog ib qho dej haus uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, vim tias nws tsis muaj saj, thiab yog tias nws qaug dej qaug cawv, ces nws yog cov chav kawm siab tshaj plaws. Cia peb tsis txhob sau cov lus tseeb txog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm cawv, uas txhua tus neeg twb paub lawm, hais txog kev lom neeg ntawm lub cev, lub tshuab rau cov noob caj noob ces thiab kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm tus neeg.

Cia peb nkag siab lub npe. qhov tseem ceeb ntawm "purity" ntawm vodka, uas nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hloov mus ua heev doubtful.

Cov cuab yeej niaj hnub ntawm vodka ntau lawm yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem classical, yog li cov neeg uas nyiam hais lus Mendeleev thiab cov classics txog vodka tuaj yeem tso lawv cov ntawv no nrog lawv. Qhov tseeb yog txawv.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, los tsim ib yam khoom, vodka tau distilled nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb ob chav cubes, los yog triple cubes, los yog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tawv ncauj mob ntawm kev siv zog rau zoo, nyob rau hauv tsib-fold sublimation cubes.

Tam sim no, cov khoom yog tsim nyob rau hauv tas mus li kab, cov khoom yog ib tug sib tov ntawm rectified (recified cawv muaj tsawg kawg yog 4.43% dej, boils ntawm 78, 15 ° C ") thiab dej. Txhua qhov kev tshaj tawm hais tias "peb cov vodka yog tsim los ntawm cov cawv cawv yog kev lag luam intrigue (kev lag luam yog kev tshawb fawb ntawm yuav ua li cas los ntxias koj tias koj xav tau qee yam tsis paub ntau npaum li koj yuav tsum tau yuav nws).

Chemistry zaj lus qhia

Ib puas xyoo dhau los, kerosene yog cov khoom tseem ceeb kawg ntawm kev ua kom zoo. Qhov tseeb, nws yog qhov sib sib zog nqus thiab nkag tau yooj yim tshaj plaws los ntawm cov npe ntev ntawm cov khoom ntawm sublimation ntawm hydrocarbon raw cov ntaub ntawv. Kerosene tau siv los ua kom pom lub neej tsaus ntuj ntawm qhov kaj ntug ntawm lub sijhawm muaj kev lag luam thiab, rau lub sijhawm, cov thev naus laus zis qub tsim nyog rau txhua tus.

Sij hawm dhau mus … Ib lub tsheb nres tshwm. Kuv pib xav tau roj av. Thiab "lub teeb" ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv roj tau pib siv ntau dua. Raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb tom qab kev vam meej loj hlob, thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ua "dub kub" tau tob zuj zus thiab txhim kho. Tom qab yug me nyuam ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tawg thiab pyrolysis, "nyob mus ib txhis hluav taws" tau taws rau cov kav dej siab rau petrochemists. Nws hlawv gaseous by-products ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus ua. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov no yog ethylene. Vim nws cov qauv molecular, nws, zoo li ib tug poj niam tiag tiag, yooj yim thiab ib txwm nkag mus rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog lwm yam tshuaj, ua rau ib tug motley "cov me nyuam tshuaj". Lub legendary A. M. Butlerov, thiab rov qab rau xyoo 1873, tau sib yuav ethylene nrog sulfuric acid, nws tau txais ethyl sulfuric acid. Tom qab kho nws nrog dej, nrog rau qhov zoo ntawm ib tug tiag tiag magician, lub luminary ntawm organic chemistry qhia cov neeg nyob rau hauv amazed. hluavtaws ethyl cawv.

Nws zoo nkaus li tias cov dej khov tau tawg, thiab txij li tam sim no mus rau tus dej cawv ntawm cov roj av yuav maj mus rau hauv lub tebchaws loj heev hauv cov dej tsis muaj cua daj cua dub thiab ua npuas dej. Txawm nws yog. Nws siv yuav luag 80 xyoo kom txog thaum cov kev sim qub qub tau txais kev sau npe ntau lawm. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, technologists tau debug cov txheej txheem ntawm ntes gases los ntawm tawg thiab pyrolysis ntawm cov roj thiab muab Butler lub invention ib tug thib ob lub neej. Npaj rebirth ntawm vodka los ntawm roj.

Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ncaj ncees, peb nco ntsoov tias cov khoom zoo Lavxias teb sab vodka yog ua los ntawm cov nplej, tab sis nws cov nqi yog txwv tsis pub. Thiab, ntawm qhov tod tes, cov phooj ywg, yog tias koj yuav 0, 7 rau 4500r thiab xav tias "npau taws, tab sis zoo, nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm lub hnub yug blah blah blah", ces nws yog heev uas koj coj ib tug zoo nkauj lub raj mis ntawm swill nqi. 300 r. Lawv dag txhua yam, txhua tus muag cov khoom cuav, txawm tias txhua hom kev tshaj tawm "hypermarkets".

Hauv vodka cawv, xws li "ntxiv" thiab "siab purity" raws li GOST, kev siv cov qos yaj ywm, beet qab zib thiab molasses raug tso cai ua raw khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tuam txhab cuam tshuam nrog kev lag luam kho mob siv cawv cawv rau kev npaj vodka, ua los ntawm cov khoom siv roj refined - ethylene. Cov dab neeg txaus ntshai uas niaj hnub vodka yog tsim los ntawm cov roj, vim li ntawd, tig tawm tsis yog cov dab neeg, tab sis qhov tseeb. Tib "petroleum" cawv yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov tshuaj tinctures, uas tsis yog li ntawd txaus ntshai thiab, feem ntau, ib txwm, vim hais tias lub hom phiaj ntawm cov tinctures yog txawv me ntsis.

Kev tsim cov vodka los ntawm kev haus cawv (uas yog, qhov tseeb, los ntawm cov roj) yog FORBIDDEN, tab sis raws li lawv hais, leej twg yuav nug? Cov kev cai lij choj ntawm peev (txog cov nyiaj tau los thiab kev ua txhaum cai) tsis raug muab tso tseg. Hauv ntau thaj tsam, vodka feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm hydrolysis cawv. Thiab qhov cawv no yog dab tsi? Yog lawm, los ntawm sawdust. Lwm cov dab neeg hais txog "sawdust vodka" hloov mus ua qhov tseeb.

Hauv kev lag luam roj av cawv, lub suab nrov tau teeb tsa Azerbaijan … Tseeb tiag, vim qhov zoo ntawm cov roj "lub teeb" Caspian qis, qhov sib faib ntawm ethylene hauv pyrolysis gases tuaj yeem ncav cuag 25%. Nws yog Azerbaijan tus pheej yig roj cawv uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam hwj chim ntawm Kazakh bootleggers uas dej nyab nrog pheej yig vodka kerosene roj thaj tsam ntawm Russia nyob ib sab mus rau Kazakhstan. Lwm tus neeg tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus cawv yog Tuam Tshoj … Tab sis nws feem ntawm cov roj ncuav qab zib yog me me. Feem ntau ntawm Suav hluavtaws yog ntawm hydrolytic xwm, los yog, ntau yooj yim, lawv yog chasing los ntawm sawdust … Tab sis nws kuj yog qhov pheej yig tshaj. Sawdust grain tsis yooj yim rau tuav. Nrog kev tu siab, nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias tsis yog ib qho chaw distiller tseem nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm peb lub teb chaws, cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo rau cov qos yaj ywm raw cov ntaub ntawv. Muaj kev xyaum tsis muaj cov chaw tsim khoom ua haujlwm ntawm molasses thiab lwm yam pov tseg los ntawm kev lag luam qab zib. Tus tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm molasses yog absorbed los ntawm cov poov xab. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tseem muaj pub nplej, roj thiab hydrolysis ntawm ntoo pov tseg.

Nws tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam qhov tseeb tias vodka yog thiab tseem yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws-muag dej cawv muaj zog hauv ntiaj teb, nrog rau tag nrho cov muag khoom ntawm 450 lab decaliters. Qhov thib ob qhov chaw yog nyob los ntawm cov tsoos Anglo-Saxon distillate - whiskey, lub ntiaj teb no muag ntim uas yog ntau tsawg, txog 200 lab decaliters. Kev ua lag luam muaj kev cia siab rau kev loj hlob me ntsis, qhov ntim ntawm cov qoob loo tsis muaj kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev txwv, tab sis qhov txwv tsis pub dhau, yog li yuav muaj roj kerosene. Txawm tias cov neeg nyiam nws, ntawm chav kawm, nplej. Cov vodka tsis zoo yog qhov txaus ntshai tsis yog vim muaj cawv ntawm nws tus kheej (C2H5OH), tab sis vim yog impurities uas. ntau toxic dua li cawv (thiab cawv yog ib yam tshuaj lom).

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias txawm qos yaj ywm los yog beetroot distillates yog heev nyuaj rau purify los ntawm fusel cov roj thiab impurities, peb tuaj yeem hais li cas txog "roj thiab sawdust".

Cov neeg siv khoom haus cawv paub tias sai li sai tau raws li lub npe tshiab ntawm vodka tshwm nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, nws qhov zoo yog ntau dua los yog tsawg dua, lub taub hau tsis mob tom qab nws, lub ru tsev tsis tshuab. Tab sis tom qab ob peb lub hlis, qhov xwm txheej hloov. Chemists tam sim ntawd sim muab qhov piv txwv nrog AAS hauv av, thaum thawj cov khoom lag luam raug tso tawm uas ua rau lub npe rau nws tus kheej, tom qab ntawd nws tau hloov los ntawm dummies lossis prepa nrog qis dua. Tab sis qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm vodka, txhua yam yog yooj yim: thaum lub sij hawm pom, charcoal los yog nyiaj lim yog siv. Tom qab ib ntus, cov ntxaij lim dej ua littered nrog slag, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg yuav tsum maj mam hloov lawv, vim tias "kev tsim khoom tau nce ntxiv." Hauv qhov no, vodka tseem yuav raug ntxuav, tab sis nrog kev pab los ntawm lwm cov lim dej zoo heev - koj lub siab. Tag nrho cov saum toj no siv, ntawm chav kawm, rau tag nrho cov dej qab zib uas yog tsim los ntawm vodka. Tus sau tsis hu leej twg mus rau ib yam dab tsi, vim hais tias txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej paj ntaub ntawm pob ntseg.