Peb rov tshawb pom lub ntiaj teb. Ntu 1. Cosmic xav

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Feem ntau cov neeg nyiam astronomy nyiam saib cov duab xim los ntawm NASA. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib tug loj array ntawm amazing dub thiab dawb dluab tseem unclaimed. Saib cov duab uas koj tsis tau pom thiab sim teb - yog dab tsi?

Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1983, phau ntawv journal "Technology of Youth" tau luam tawm ib qho nthuav heev, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, kab lus. Kuv yuav hais tag nrho. (Ib scan ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm lub vev xaib zhurnalko.net).

Cosmic xav tau muaj rau peb lub qhov muag

Cia peb xav txog tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse muaj peev xwm hloov tau cov khoom ntawm tag nrho cov galaxies. Raws li qhov no, peb yuav tshuaj xyuas cov dluab ntawm cov stellar systems thiab sim nrhiav ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv lawv uas mus dhau peb to taub txog kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub ntuj txoj cai ntawm lub ntuj. Muab qhov hnyav ntawm peb lub hom phiaj, peb tsis tuaj yeem txwv peb tus kheej rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov duab random ntawm galaxies taug kev los ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm nrov, tab sis yuav tsum tig mus rau qhov tshwj xeeb astronomical atlases, uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam khoom txaus siab rau peb.

Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam no yog Palomar Atlas ntawm Northern Ntuj, muab tso ua ke ntawm Mount Palomar Observatory hauv 1952 los ntawm Wilson (txog 33 ° sab qaum teb declination). Nws zoo li coj lub hnub qub saum ntuj los rau ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb lub rooj, thiab rov tsim nws mus rau cov khoom faus heev ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 20-21 magnitude.

Kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus kheej galaxies thiab lawv cov pab pawg, ib tus tuaj yeem pom tias lawv, raws li txoj cai, yog cais cov stellar systems. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov xwm txheej thaum galaxies nyob ze ntawm qee qhov cuam tshuam rau cov duab thiab cov qauv ntawm ib leeg. Xws li galaxies yog hu ua interacting. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog interconnected los ntawm ib tug los yog ntau tshaj choj-bridges, muaj xws li cov hnub qub.

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov teeb meem ntawm kev kawm interacting galaxies yog heev loj. Dhau li ntawm qhov tseeb tias lawv yog, raws li txoj cai, nyob deb ntawm peb, tsis muaj zog, ntau yam tsis raug coj mus rau hauv tus account txawm tias nyob rau hauv "New General Catalog" ntawm NGC thiab nws cov IC ntxiv. Lawv txoj kev kawm morphological hauv kev tsim kho thiab lub cev ntawm lub cev yog nyuam qhuav pib. Tib yam siv rau lawv cov kev faib tawm. Muaj ntau txoj haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua ntawm no rau ntau tiam neeg ntawm astronomers.

Muaj ntau qhov piv txwv ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam galactic. Lawv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov yam ntxwv muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab tshwj xeeb uas nws tsis tuaj yeem muab txawm tias cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm no, hauv kab lus luv luv no.

Tus tsim ntawm lub systematization thiab kev kawm ntawm interacting galaxies yog peb astrophysicist B. A. Vorontsov-Velyaminov. Siv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Palomar atlas thiab lwm qhov chaw, nws tau luam tawm ntau lub atlases ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam galaxies txij li xyoo 1959. Raws li astronomical kev lig kev cai, interacting galaxies nyob rau hauv cov atlases yog qhia los ntawm thawj cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm lub compiler lub npe nyob rau hauv Latin.

Piv txwv li, khub ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam galaxies qhia hauv Daim Duab 1 yog tsim W33. (Ntawm no, raws li nyob rau hauv astronomical atlases, cov duab yog nyob rau hauv negatives.)

Peb yuav txwv peb tus kheej kom txiav txim siab tsuas yog kev sib cuam tshuam uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov txuas hniav-bridges ntawm galaxies.

Kawm cov pab pawg ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam galaxies, piv txwv li VV33 thiab VV34, ib qho xav tsis thoob ntawm lawv qhov "ntse" kev npaj hauv qhov chaw. Raws li yog hais tias ib tug neeg txhob txwm tshaj tawm, rau lawv tus kheej, tsis paub txog peb lub hom phiaj, tsim cov choj-bridges, feem ntau yog cov hnub qub, thiab xav tsis thoob, nrog kev siv nyiaj tsawg tsawg ntawm "cov ntaub ntawv tsim", feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kab ncaj nraim stretched zoo li ib txoj hlua (duab. 1 thiab 2).

Daim duab 1-8. Interacting galaxies.

Cov duab ntawm qhov chaw zoo nkauj tshaj plaws - cuam tshuam galaxies nrog kev tsim tsis tau piav qhia los ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntuj pom: cov hnub qub txuas ntawm lawv. Raws li cov tswv yim niaj hnub no, txawm tias kev sib tsoo ntawm lub taub hau ntawm galaxies kav ntev li ntau lab xyoo yuav tsum tsis txhob coj (vim qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov hnub qub hauv lawv txhua tus) mus rau qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv kev txav ntawm cov hnub qub. Ntxiv mus, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua rau kev tsim ntawm "kev tsim nyog" tsim.

Ib txoj hlua zoo nkauj ntawm tsib lub VV172 galaxies, txuas nrog hauv cov kab txuas ntawm tus choj-bars (duab 3). Nws kuj tseem ceeb rau qhov no tias qhov nrawm ntawm tsib lub galaxies no yuav luag zoo ib yam, tshwj tsis yog cov me me.

Tsis tas li ntawd impressive yog cov saw hlau ntawm rau VV165 galaxies ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv, kuj txuas nrog hauv cov txuas txuas ntawm cov choj txuas (duab 4). Daim duab 5 qhia tau hais tias ob lub VV21 galaxies txuas tsis yog los ntawm ib tus choj, tab sis los ntawm ob, thiab ntawm tus choj ntev dua muaj ob peb. clumps ntawm hnub qub. Tab sis daim duab 6 qhia tau hais tias ib daim duab zoo heev ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm peb VV405 galaxies, txuas nrog cov choj nkhaus. Qhov kev khoov no yog zaum tsim los ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm lub hauv paus galaxy.

Yees duab 7 qhia lub galaxy nrog ob lub satellites VV394 ntawm luv jumper ob txhais ceg, ib zaug ntxiv qhia txog qhov tsis zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv cosmic amazing.

Ntau qhov kev txhais ntawm qhov tshwm sim no tau raug npaj los piav qhia txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm galaxies. Cia peb nyob ntawm qee qhov kev xav.

Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias cov tuav uas tshwm sim ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam galaxies yog cov dav hlau ntawm cov hnub qub ejected los ntawm kev mus ze cov hnub qub Islands tuaj vim yog lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Tab sis cov qauv zoo li no tam sim no tsis pom zoo. Tseeb, yuav ua li cas thiaj li jumpers tshwm sim, uas pom, piv txwv li, rau cov khoom VV33 lossis VV34. Vim li cas cov kab no tshwm sim thaum mus txog galaxies nyob deb heev txawm nyob rau hauv cosmic scales, thiab vim li cas ntau lub galaxies uas yuav luag nyob ze tsis muaj xws li tuav? Dab tsi ua rau cov txuas txuas txuas txuas ntxiv no ua rau lub sijhawm ntev los ntawm kev puas tsuaj? Qhov kev xav tias lawv txuas nrog lub zog hluav taws xob yog txiav txim siab, txij li cov txuas hniav feem ntau yog cov hnub qub, thiab, raws li koj paub, cov hlau nplaum tsis tuaj yeem tswj cov qauv stellar. Tab sis yog li cas?

Lwm cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias qhov kev sib cuam tshuam uas pom tsis yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm galaxies, tab sis qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim rov qab - kev sib cais ua ob lossis ntau lub galaxies tom qab muaj kev sib tsoo hnyav, thiab cov stellar barriers-bridges yog qhov kawg gravitational txuas. seem ntawm cov galaxies sib cais. Thiab nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tib qhov kev tawm tsam tseem nyob, uas tau muab rau saum toj no.

Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam galaxies ntseeg tias qhov no muaj qee qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub cev tsis paub rau peb, ntawm qhov sib txawv kiag li ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab cov hlau nplaum uas twb paub lawm, piv txwv li, qee qhov kev xav ntawm lub zog uas yuav tshwm sim thaum tshwm sim ntawm qee qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev. lub tshuab nqus tsev, qhov thiaj li hu ua "lambda force" hauv Einstein qhov sib npaug, uas tsim thiab tuav cov choj. Feem ntau, cov kev xav thiab cov qauv ntawm cov galaxies nrog kev sib txuas bar-bridges tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov tshwm sim ntawm cosmic, tab sis qhov no tsis yog tag nrho. Cov galaxies hauv nqe lus nug tau nthuav tawm cov kws tshawb fawb nrog tag nrho cov kev paub tsis meej, ib qho ntawm peb tam sim no yuav xav txog.

Cia peb rov qab mus rau ib khub ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam galaxies VV5216 thiab VV5218 (duab 1) (VV5216 thiab VV5218 yog cov galaxies suav nrog hauv cov khoom VV 33). Daim duab qhia tau hais tias ib tug ntev, nyias bar uas txuas lub qis loj kauv galaxy nrog ib tug me me, thaj elliptical, nrog ib tug nyias tail. Yog li ntawd, cov khub no tau pom nyob rau hauv Palamar atlas thiab nyob rau hauv lub album ntawm V. A. Vorontsov-Velyaminov. Lub bar mus los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub kauv galaxy mus rau elliptical ib. Tab sis nws tsuas zoo li yog. Daim duab 8 qhia txog cov duab sib xyaw ntawm cov galaxies, uas nyob rau hauv qis "kauv galaxy" yog sawv cev los ntawm daim duab ntawm ID Karachenttsev, tau txais nrog 6-meter BTA telescope ntawm Special Astrophysical Observatory ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences.

Lub ntiaj teb lub koob yees duab loj tshaj plaws "tau daws" rau hauv cov ntsiab lus sib cais no "kauv galaxy", uas tau los ua ib pawg ntawm cov galaxies ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog nws qhov kev paub tsis meej. Ib tug nyias intergalactic bar tsis tuaj tawm ntawm lub disk los yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov kauv, tab sis los ntawm lub sab sauv hnub qub bracket yuav luag perpendicular rau nws thiab rushes mus rau lub elliptical galaxy. Qhov no tseem tsis tau pom dua. Daim duab no ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab txawm tias qhov kev txhais lus hypothetical ntawm nws tseem tsis tau pom. Qhov tseeb tiag, cov txheej txheem dab tsi tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov kev tsim tsis meej no?

Yog li, yog tias cov kev xav thiab cov qauv ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam galaxies yog sib koom ua ke, yog vim li cas ho tsis muab lwm yam, tej zaum coj txawv txawv, tab sis undoubtedly bold hypothesis, uas hais tias cov pab pawg neeg ntawm galaxies, txuas nrog lub hnub qub tuav, yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov dej num ntawm cosmic. kev vam meej. Nws yog qhov txaus ntshai los xav, tab sis tej zaum cov luminous tuav txuas galaxies yog cov txuas txuas ntawm kev sib txuas lus thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm lawv. Tej zaum qhov no yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb cosmic uas peb tsis tau pom txog tam sim no.

Tau kawg, tsis yog txhua qhov kev sib cuam tshuam galaxies nrog cov appendages coj txawv txawv yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog pov thawj ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse. Tau kawg, yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav txog kev tshawb fawb txog txhua khub lossis pawg galaxies txuas nrog txuas txuas. Ntawm no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua los ntawm "presumption of naturalness" thiab tsuas yog tom qab kev tshawb fawb thiab kev qaug zog ntawm cov pov thawj ntawm naturalness ntawm qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem pib tsim cov qauv tsim nyog ntawm nws cov khoom tsim.

Kev siv cov cuab yeej siv hnub qub muaj zog hauv ntiaj teb thiab hauv qhov chaw yuav qhib ua ntej peb cov duab zoo kawg li ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb, uas peb tsuas yog tsis xav tsis thoob, tab sis qhov uas peb yuav tsum npaj kom nkag siab.

Thiab txawm hais tias niaj hnub no rau peb, cov neeg ntawm lub ntiaj teb me me tab sis zoo nkauj, cov hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse nyob deb no tseem tsis tau nkag siab ob qho tib si hauv kev ntsuas thiab hauv lub hom phiaj, tab sis ib yam yog qhov tseeb: lawv ua rau peb muaj kev ntseeg siab tias peb tsis nyob ib leeg hauv ntiaj teb.

Kev sib tham. Txij li thaum lub sij hawm ntawm W. Herschel, ntau txhiab tus astronomers tau kawm galaxies ntau thiab ntau ze. Tab sis peb tsis paub tias txawm yog ib tug ntawm lawv sim mus nrhiav nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ib feem ntawm lub koom haum ntawm lub siab, raws li tus sau ntawm tsab ntawv ceeb toom tau ua.

Tshwj xeeb, txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav lub cosmic txuj ci tseem ceeb, uas yog, qee yam kev tsim lossis tshwm sim hauv qhov chaw, piav tsis tau raws li cov cai ntawm cov xwm txheej, tau pom meej meej yuav luag ib feem peb ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los. Txij thaum ntawd los, astronomers tau ua qhov kev tshawb nrhiav rau nws, tab sis tseem tsis tau pom muaj kev ntseeg txaus ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog ntawm cov khoom siv sab nraud tseem tsis tau pom. Txawm hais tias cov kws tshawb fawb muaj qee yam tsis txaus ntseeg hauv qhov kev hwm no, "coefficient of artificiality" rau txhua qhov kev tshawb pom tseem tsawg heev.

Ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj rau qhov no, hauv peb lub tswv yim, yog tias lawv tab tom nrhiav tsis yog qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb hauv kev nkag siab ntawm lo lus, tab sis rau cov khoom tiag tiag, qhov muaj nyob ntawm uas tuaj yeem kwv yees los ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm peb kev vam meej.. Thiab rau nws nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm nws yog scientific tso cai rau kwv yees tsuas yog txoj kev loj hlob thiab transformation ntawm lub hnub ci system. Xws li kev txwv txwv tau muab rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua los ntawm K. E. Tsiolkovsky. Nws ntseeg hais tias qhov kev ntshaw ntawm noob neej rau kev siv cov peev txheej ntawm nws qhov kev pov tseg yuav ua rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub plhaub nyias los ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm cov ntiaj chaw, ua los ntawm ntau txoj siv sia nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hnub thiab npog tag nrho lub ntuj ceeb tsheej. qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub vojvoog ntawm lub asteroid siv. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau kev vam meej kom siv tag nrho lub zog tawm los ntawm lub hauv paus luminary. Ib nrab xyoo tom qab ntawd, American physicist F. Dyson tuaj rau lub tswv yim no txawv. Tom qab ntawd tus kws tshawb fawb Soviet G. I. Pokrovsky qhia nyob rau hauv engineering yuav ua li cas xws li ib tug khoom yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, muab refined hluav taws xob yam ntxwv uas lub Tsiolkovsky-Dyson sphere yuav tsum muaj, thiab qhia ob tug tiag tiag soj ntsuam cov khoom uas muaj xws li cov yam ntxwv. Thiab txawm hais tias "coefficient of artificiality" nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no twb heev heev, astrophysicists tseem tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv txaus los lees paub los yog refute Pokrovsky qhov kev xav.

Yuav ua li cas ntxiv kev loj hlob? Tsiolkovsky ntseeg hais tias qee qhov ntawm tib neeg ntawm cov nkoj loj loj nrog lub zog tshwj xeeb yuav ya ntau pua lossis ntau txhiab xyoo mus rau lwm lub hnub qub thiab ua tib yam hloov pauv ntawm lawv lub tshuab. Yog li maj mam tib neeg tuaj yeem paub tag nrho Galaxy. Tam sim no peb tuaj yeem xav txog tias kev siv cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no yuav mus nrawm dua li Tsiolkovsky ntseeg. Peb yooj yim xav txog yuav ua li cas txav lub ntiaj teb no (saib "TM" No. 7, 1981) thiab txawm tias tag nrho lub hnub ci (saib "TM" No. 12, 1979). Astrophysicists qhia tias kev vam meej tshaj plaws tuaj yeem, tsawg kawg hauv txoj cai, hloov cov hnub qub lossis tsawg kawg lawv cov huab cua kom tau txais qee yam txiaj ntsig. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov no, "coefficient of artificiality" nyob rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas cov khoom pom los ntawm lub standpoint ntawm presumption ntawm naturalness tseem yog ib tug nqi uas yog tsis txaus rau ib tug meej xaus.

Thiab tag nrho cov no vim hais tias peb mus rau hauv kev tshawb fawb los ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm peb kev vam meej, thiab qhov siab dua peb nce siab dua lawv, qhov tsawg dua daring lub davhlau ntawm peb txoj kev xav. Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, Lavxias teb sab philosopher thiab playwright A. V. Sukhovo-Kobylin substantiated lub tswv yim hais tias kev vam meej nyob rau hauv lawv txoj kev loj hlob yuav tsum mus los ntawm telluric (planetary), sidereal (stellar) thiab galactic theem. Thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tig tawm kom muaj peev xwm rov tsim kho tag nrho cov hnub qub. Peb tseem tsis tuaj yeem xav txog yuav ua li cas rov tsim cov galaxies thiab yog vim li cas thiaj li ua qhov no, tab sis raws li cov tswv yim kev xav ntawm kev loj hlob infinity thiab infinity ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntau haiv neeg, peb tuaj yeem xav txog tias nyob rau qee theem ntawm kev loj hlob, cov neeg txawj ntse yuav tsum tuaj rau hauv lub ntiaj teb. xav tau kev ua ub ua no.

Yog li vim li cas peb thiaj txwv peb tus kheej mus rau kev tshawb nrhiav qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws los nrhiav thiab cais tawm - kev tshawb nrhiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua ub ua no ntawm kev vam meej nrog kev muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo nrog peb li? Tom qab tag nrho, lub zog tshaj plaws, feem ntau tsim kev vam meej yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom ntuj. Thiab nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus nrhiav lawv precisely nyob rau hauv lub structural nta ntawm cov khoom loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntug - galaxies. Lub galaxy rebuilt yog tiag tiag cosmic txuj ci tseem ceeb! A. Vorobyov hu peb ntawm txoj kev ua siab tawv no, thiab qhov ntawd yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws qhov kev xav.

*****

Txaus siab rau lub davhlau ntawm kev xav ntawm cov neeg Soviet! Lawv npau suav ntawm kev txav cov ntiaj chaw, tsim cov galaxies … Nws tsis paub meej tias yog vim li cas, tab sis qhov ntsuas tau zoo heev. Bogatyrs tsis yog peb …

Niaj hnub no feem ntau ntawm lub ntiaj teb "civilized", sib nrug los ntawm kev txav mus rau "nas" thiab tsim kev lag luam kev lag luam, tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog dab tsi. - Cov neeg tau me dua …

*****

Tom qab nyeem tsab xov xwm, kuv txiav txim siab mus rummage nyob ib ncig ntawm cov khoom no - tej zaum ib yam dab tsi yuav tuaj hla … Thawj lub voj voog yog khoob. Ntawm qhov thib ob tuaj hla qhov zoo kawg nkaus "kev tshem tawm" rau qee qhov laj thawj tsis paub: plaub npuas thiab faib "cistern". Qhov loj ntawm cov thawv no loj heev piv rau VV 33. Ntawm qhov ntsuas no, peb Milky Way yog qhov me me.

Daim duab 9. Object VV 33 thiab nws ib puag ncig. 1, 2. VV 33.13h32m06.9s + 62d42m03s (3-3600). 3. "Polyana" yog ua los ntawm 12 daim duab. Center - 13h16m00s + 64d0m00s (2-3600s). (Kuv mam piav qhia tom qab tias tus lej tom qab lub koom haum txhais li cas).

Tom qab nrhiav tau li ntawd, kuv xav nrhiav lwm yam. Lub "ntoo hav zoov" ntawm lub ntiaj teb tig los ua qhov chaw zoo heev "nceb" …

Tag nrho cov duab yog los ntawm Caltech's astronomical site IRSA: Finder Chart. Muaj ntau nuances ntawm lub xaib. Peb mam li xam tag nrho nws tawm me ntsis tom qab, tab sis tam sim no, cia li saib:

Daim duab 10.1.09h22m12s 19d20m02s (5-600). 2.11:11:05s 22d02m35s (2-1200). 3. 09:40:00 18:00 (5-3600) 4. 09:24:00 22:00 (5-3600) 5. Los ntawm 11h10h30s 74d20m00s (1-3600s). 6. Los ntawm 12h18m56s 09d49m05s (2-3600). 7. From 00h56m00s 16d00m00s (1-3600s). 8. Los ntawm 00h18m31s -20d17m07s (2-3600). 9.03h16m43s -10d51h00s (2-600s). 10. From 11h08m07s 03d50m48s (2-600). 11.14-14.00 Nws. 12:10:07:15:00d13:13s (5-1400). kaum peb. Los ntawm 00h00m00s -43d00m00s (5-3600s). 14. Los ntawm 13h37m44s 76d46m06s (5). 15.10-16.00 Nws 24.00 Nws. (5-300). 16. From 09:40:00s 18d00m00s (5-3600). "Los ntawm" txhais tau hais tias nws tsis tuaj yeem muab cov kev sib koom ua ke. Peb ntaus hauv cov kev tswj hwm uas tau teev tseg thiab nrhiav ib qho khoom hauv daim duab.

Ib tug zoo nkauj computer qauv ntawm Loj-Scale Structure ntawm lub ntug (CMSS) tau tsim:

Daim duab 11. Computer qauv ntawm KMSV

Cia peb saib cov ntsiab lus tiag tiag ntawm daim txhuam cev-web no. Cia nws dub thiab dawb, tab sis ntuj.

Daim duab 12.10h39m50s 23d58m30s (1-3600)

Daim duab 13.14h20m00s 14d00m00s (1-3600s)

Daim duab 14. Los ntawm 11h56m00s rau 20d00m00s (2-3600s)

Daim duab 15. Los ntawm 21h07m30s 00d30m00s (2-3600)

Daim duab 16. Ntawm 01h31h00s -11d10m00s (1-3600s)

Daim duab 17.09h36m00s 21d00m00s (5-3600s)

Daim duab 18.12h49m21s 20d54m09s (5-1500)

Daim duab 19. Los ntawm 12h49h00s rau 18d00m00s (5-3600s)

Daim duab 20. Yav dhau los snapshot nyob rau hauv zoo duab. Qhov no yog li cas CMSB threads saib nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Daim duab 21. "Patch". 14:32:00-89:30:00 (5-1100)

Daim duab 22. From 06h20m09s 10d11m47s (1-3600)

Cia peb ua tiav nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm KMSV tam sim no. Rau khoom qab zib - peb yam khoom txawv txawv.

Daim duab 23.03h55m49s -26d59m23s (4-3600)

Daim duab 24. From 23h00m00s -27d11m00s (5-3600s)

Daim duab 25. Khawv koob Wand. Los ntawm 04:00-46:00:00 (5-1600)

Ntxiv rau cov xov thiab tangles, muaj ntau cov npuas thiab ntim hauv Chaw. Tsis muaj ntau ntawm lawv los ntawm hom thiab tuaj yeem faib tau yooj yim. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov "vacuoles" tsis tuaj yeem suav …

Cia peb conventionally hu thawj hom npuas "qhov muag". Tsev neeg loj tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub qab ntuj khwb. Lawv yog cov khoom kheej kheej nrog ib hom kheej kheej luminous cov ntsiab lus. Tseem tsis tau muaj qhov khoob "qhov muag" kiag li.

Muaj tsawg kawg yog plaub qhov thiab plaub strands tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Qee tus muaj cov hniav me me. Lub plhaub ntawm tus kheej kheej muaj ob txheej. Hauv cov xim liab thiab xiav, cov khoom tsis txawv ntau.

Daim duab 26.1.10h07m21s 16d46m10s (1 - 700). 2.11.14.08s 20d31m45s (3 - 800). 03h59m30s -12d34m28s (5 - 400s). 4.16h33m30s -78d53m40s (3 - 800s). 5.16h33m30s -78d53m40s (4 - 800s). 6.16h20m30s -78d40m22s (4 - 1000s)

Cia peb saib ze dua ntawm qhov thib ob snapshot:

Daim duab 27.11h14m08s 20d31m45s (3 - 800)

Daim duab 28. Cov duab zoo ntawm lub snapshot yav dhau los.

Hom tom ntej zoo li zoo li ib qho me me ua rau lub qe qe qe qe. "Qhov muag" tsis tshua muaj ntau. Lawv yog ob qho tib si khoob thiab ntim nrog qee yam siv lead ua. Lub plhaub yog triple. Hauv cov xim liab thiab xiav, cov khoom zoo li txawv.

Daim duab 29.1.13h58m00s 15d20m00s (2-3600) liab. 2.11h13m00s 56d45m00s (2-3600) liab. 3.09h46m22s 54d56m00s (2-3600) liab. 4.13h58m00s 15d20m00s (1-3600) xiav. 5.11h13m00s 56d45m00s (1-3600) xiav. 6.09h46m22s 54d56m00s (1-3600) xiav

Daim duab 30. Cov duab zoo ntawm daim duab dhau los.

Thaum nthuav dav, lub plhaub peb-txheej yog pom meej:

Daim duab 31.11h13m00s 56d45m00s (2-3600s)

Daim duab 32. "Swim". (11:24:00-11:35:00s) 27:00:00s (1 - 3600)

Cov pab pawg tom ntej ntawm npuas yog lenticular "spotlights" nrog cov qauv zoo nkauj sab hauv. Lawv yog ob leeg khoob thiab puv.

Daim duab 33.1.19h46m00s -76d45m00s (3 - 3600s). 2.09h57m30s 17d10m00s (3 - 3600). 3.13:20:00-09d30:00s (3 - 3600s). 4, 5, 6 - Cov khoom yav dhau los hauv cov duab zoo.

Daim duab 34.13h20m00s -09d30m00s (3 - 3600s)

Hauv qab no, ntawm qhov txo qis heev, qee qhov npuas peb tau txiav txim siab tau sim ua ke rau hauv ib qho tag nrho:

Daim duab 35. Los ntawm 00h58m44s 15d55m30s (1 - 3600)

Cov npuas ntawm hom thib ob (kinder surprise) feem ntau pom nyob ze ntawm ntau lub tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm ntau yam duab:

Daim duab 36.100h10m00s 06d00m00s (2-3600s). 02h05m31s -07d55m00s (2-3600s). 3.01h01m14s -11d28h00s (2-3600s). 4.10 03.00 Nws 17.00 2000 00:00 (2-3600). 5.01h01m37s -13d10m00s (2-3600s). 06:00 05:00 08d25:00s (2-3600).

Daim duab 37.1.14h13m55s 15d10m32s (2-3600). 2:13:26:00-12d10:00s (2-3600s). 3.00 Nws 23.00 – 04.00 (2-3600).

Daim duab 38.00h56m00s -03d00m00s (2-3600s)

Daim duab 39.11h57m00s 69d45m00s (2-3600s)

Daim duab 40. Ntuj daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub Palomar observatory los ntawm 07.12.1953. Daim duab yog assembled los ntawm 16 cov duab nyob ib sab. (03h20m00s-03h32m00s) - (12d00m00s-14d00m00s) (2 - 3600s).

Cov pab pawg tom ntej ntawm cosmic xav tau zoo ib yam hauv cov qauv rau kev txiav ntev ntawm tsob ntoo lossis ib lub qhov rooj qhib qhov rooj. Qee zaum "ntoo" hloov mus ua "board", yog li cia peb muab lawv ua ib pawg.

Daim duab 41.233600 -130000 (5-3600)

Daim duab 42.04h16m00s -14d00m00s (5-3600s)

Daim duab 43.01h51m14s -25d00m00s (5-3600)

Qhov "match" ntawm sab laug tsis yog ib leeg. Hauv qee qhov chaw - tag nrho garlands.

Daim duab 44.1.10h24m00s 27d15m20s (5 - 3600). 2.21.12.00 Nws. - 04.00 Nws. (5 - 3600). 3.23h17h00s -79d00m00s (5 - 3600s). 4.10:44:00s 03d00m00s (5 - 3600). 5.03h33m30s -07d20m00s (5 - 3600s). 6.09h40s 20d00m00s (4 - 3600s).

Daim duab 45.10h24m00s 27d15m20s (5-3600)

Daim duab 46.23h17m00s -79d00m00s (5-3600s)

Tom qab xws li "landscapes" kuv nco txog Egyptian vajtswv poj niam ntawm lub ntuj txiv ntoo. Cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub xav txog nws zoo li ib tug nyuj loj, uas nws lub cev yog strewn nrog hnub qub.

Daim duab 47. Tus nyuj dawb huv ntawm cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub.

Cov lus nug yuav tshwm sim: yog vim li cas ho tsis muaj tej txuj ci tseem ceeb nyob rau hmo ntuj? Txhua yam yog yooj yim heev. Lub hnub ci nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov hnub qub ntawm Milky Way, tsuas yog peb tuaj yeem pom lawv. Cov duab txawv txawv nyob hauv qab daim ntaub thaiv ntawm peb lub galaxy. Tsuas yog telescopes tuaj yeem tawg los ntawm daim ntaub thaiv no.

Muaj ntau yam khoom zoo heev hauv Chaw. Lawv tsis zais, lawv tsuas yog tsis tshaj tawm. Yuav kom tsis txhob nce mus rau hauv lub hnub qub "lub vaj", peb lom zem nrog cov duab xim, zoo li Papuans nrog cov hlaws dai, thiab cov kws tshaj lij tau koom nrog kev muaj tiag dub thiab dawb.

Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, tag nrho cov no zoo li coj txawv txawv thiab incomprehensible. Qhov tseeb, peb txhua tus tau kawm cov qauv zoo sib xws hauv tsev kawm ntawv, pib ntawm qib tsib. Nco ntsoov…

*****

Cov lus qhia me me txog kev ua haujlwm nrog IRSA lub vev xaib.

Mus rau IRSA lub vev xaib: Finder Chart.

Daim duab 48. Nplooj ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw "IRSA: Seeker Graph".

Yog tias koj tsis paub lus Askiv, nws zoo dua los ua haujlwm hauv browser nrog kev txhais lus tsis siv neeg. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab version, muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov rais thiab cov nyees khawm, tab sis qhov no tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw. Tsis yog txhua tus browsers raug nrog cov peev txheej no. Kuv siv Yandex.

Hauv qhov rai uas qhib, ua cov kev hloov hauv qab no:

• nyob rau hauv kab "Npe los yog Postion: - Lub npe los yog txoj hauj lwm" - sau nyob rau hauv lub coordinates: 13h58m00s 15d20m00s (tau luam tawm ntawm no).

• nyob rau hauv kab "Image Size: - Duab Loj" - teem lub kaum sab xis saib rau 2500 vib nas this, siab tshaj 3600.

• nyob rau hauv kab "Display Size: - Zaub Loj" - nyob ntawm qhov ceev ntawm koj lub computer thiab hauv Internet, koj tuaj yeem tso txhua qhov loj ntawm cov duab thov. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws "Medium - Nruab Nrab".

• nyob rau hauv kab "Xaiv Duab: - Xaiv Cov Duab" - tawm lub cim kos rau ntawm DSS nkaus xwb. Peb tshem tawm qhov seem. Lwm cov duab databases (SDSS, 2MASS, WISE, thiab lwm yam) kuj muaj cov duab nthuav. Pib nrog, peb yuav txwv peb tus kheej rau DSS nkaus xwb.

• nyob rau hauv kab "Search Corresponding Catalog (s) - Tshawb nrhiav cov catalog sib raug" - muab tag nrho rau hauv "Tsis yog" (peb tsis kam rub cov catalog). Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov kab hauv qab yuav ploj mus.

Daim duab 49. Lub qhov rais rau kev nkag mus rau cov kev sib koom ua ke thiab cov kev txwv.

• nyem "Nrhiav - Pib"). Lub qhov rais nrog tsib dluab yuav qhib:

Daim duab 50. Snapshots.

Cov khoom txaus siab yuav raug xaiv raws li hauv qab no: kev tswj xyuas; + Tsis muaj daim duab; + duab loj (lub kaum sab xis saib). Piv txwv li: 13h58m00s 15d20m00s (1 - 2500s).

Nyem rau thawj daim duab (daim duab daj yuav tshwm sim) thiab nyem rau ntawm lub square dub. Tom qab ib daim duab me me tshwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, nthuav nws los ntawm txhaj. Hauv qhov kev pom no, nws yooj yim los saib tag nrho tsib daim duab.

Daim duab 51. Daim duab ntawm Palomar Observatory hnub tim 04.17.1950. (blue spectrum).

Nyem rau ntawm tus xub thiab mus rau daim duab thib ob:

Daim duab 52. Daim duab ntawm Palomar Observatory hnub tim 04.17.1950. (liab spectrum).

Tib yam khoom, tib lub sij hawm, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub liab spectrum.

Yog tias koj xav tau saib lossis txuag ib feem ntawm daim duab, siv lub cuab yeej - "Xaiv thaj chaw rau qoob loo lossis txheeb cais". Nyem rau ntawm lub dotted square - nws yuav tsaus nti:. Xaiv cov khoom uas txaus siab rau peb thiab nyem rau ntawm - "Tshaj cov duab hauv thaj chaw xaiv." Ib cheeb tsam txiav tawm tshwm nyob hauv nruab nrab. Peb nce nws mus rau nws qhov loj me:

Daim duab 53. Txiav tawm ntawm daim duab 52.

Cia peb mus rau qhov txhaj tshuaj thib plaub:

Daim duab 54. Snapshot 20.04.1996.

Nws tau ua plaub caug rau xyoo tom qab thawj zaug thiab thib ob. Cov npuas ntab tawm mus, cov xov ntawm KMSV tau tshwm sim.

Txhawm rau txuag cov duab xav tau, nyem. Lub qhov rais "Txuag Duab" yuav tshwm sim:

Daim duab 55. Txuag daim duab.

Muab qhov chaw rau ntawm PNG

Txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav lwm qhov chaw sib koom, nias lub pob "Tshawb" thiab sau cov nqi tshiab.

Muaj ntau ntau nuances ntawm lub xaib uas tau ntxiv tas li. Cov kiv cua ntawm puzzles yuav tsis dhuav ntawm no.

Qee zaum, lub qhov rais tawm los tsis muaj duab:

Daim duab 56. Lub qhov rais khoob.

Hauv qhov no, nyem rau ntawm - "Show all as vuas". Peb yuav xav txog lwm yam nuances thaum peb mus.