Video: Alexandria
2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06
"Vim li cas, koj, koj puas tau muab txhua yam rau Lavxias: av, av, roj, roj, kub, pob zeb diamond … Tab sis koj tsis tau muab tag nrho cov kev nplua nuj no rau kuv," Ukrainian nug Vajtswv
Qhov tseeb hais tias St. Petersburg tsis yog St. Petersburg, kuv tau sau nyob rau hauv lwm yam hauj lwm, qhia hais tias cov lus dab neeg ntawm nws creation tsis sawv ntawm kev thuam. Peter lub Great tsis tau tsim ib yam dab tsi ntawm Chukhonsky swamps, vim hais tias muaj, ntev dhau los, sawv cev ntawm Lavxias teb sab nroog Oreshek, lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm sab qaum teb ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsars, emperors ntawm Great Tartary, peb Russia los yog Horde. Lo lus kawg tau hu tsis ntau Russia nws tus kheej li nws cov tub rog. Piv txwv li, tus kws sau keeb kwm sau txog Temnik Velyamin Mamaev, paub rau koj li Mamai: "Lub horde ntawm Zaleskaya tuav koj," txhais tau tias tsis yog tag nrho cov tub rog ntawm lub teb chaws, tab sis ib qho ntawm nws "tub rog cheeb tsam". Yog, thiab Mamai tsis yog ib tug phem Tatar, tab sis feem ntau, uas tsis yog ib tug Lavxias teb sab txiv neej uas ntiav Livonian (koj yuav tsum to taub nyob sab Europe) pab tub rog thiab tsim thawj pej xeem kev tsov kev rog paub rau peb nyob rau hauv Russia.
Nyob rau hauv lub Novgorod av, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Georgy (Yuri) Danilovich nrhiav tau lub Oreshek fortress nyob rau hauv 1323. Founded 57 xyoo ua ntej sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kulikovo. Moscow yuav nrhiav tau los ntawm Dmitry Donskoy, thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua nws tus kheej yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws cov niaj hnub thaj chaw, lub npe nrov Kulishki, qhov chaw uas lawv twb raug xa mus rau ntuj raug txim. Lub nroog uas muaj lub npe ntawm Peter yog laus dua Moscow, txawm hais tias kuv tsis suav nrog tias nws muaj peev xwm hais tias muaj qee qhov kev sib haum xeeb nyob rau ntawd ua ntej Kulikovo teb, tab sis yeej tsis yog lub nroog peev.
Hauv kuv qhov me me txog Nyenshan ntiaj teb, raws li Sweden muaj lub Baltic thiab ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Gulf of Finland (nws tau yuav, tsis kov yeej, txawm hais tias muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ib yam), Kuv tau sau tias Peter hauv txoj kev coj txawv txawv, hauv ob peb xyoos, sawv ntawm swamps, thiab nws confuses kuv. Tom qab ntawd muaj lwm cov yeeb yam me me, qhov twg kuv tau tsim lub ntsiab lus thiab pom lub nroog twg raug muab rau kev tsim kho ntawm St. Cov neeg uas xav yuav nyeem tag nrho cov no hauv kuv lub voj voog me me "Nyob ib puag ncig thiab ib puag ncig Peter". Kuv kuj tau sau tias Peter the Great thiab Peter the Great yog cov neeg sib txawv, thov hais tias Peter the Great yog ib tug txiv neej hu ua Isaac, uas nws hwm lub Cathedral nto moo nyob rau hauv St. Kuv kawm nyob rau hauv lub nroog no, nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv kaw, thiab lub nroog no yog Leningrad rau kuv. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob cem kuv, tus nyeem ntawv, yog kuv yuav sau li ntawd.
Isaac yeej ib txwm nyiam kuv nrog nws cov architecture, thiab kuv pom ntau yam nrog Stockholm. Coj txawv txawv, tsis yog Lavxias teb sab architecture, nrog Roman sculptures, xav tsis thoob lub tswv yim, tab sis rub kuv, tag nrho tib yam, zoo li nws yog kuv tus kheej.
Kev kawm maj mam kawm ntawm cov epics ntawm Russia coj kuv mus rau qhov zoo kawg nkaus xaus - lub tsev no tsis yog cov txuj ci ntawm Fabkis Montferrand. Los ntawm txoj kev, tsis muaj haiv neeg, qhov no yog pej xeem. Qhov no yog cov hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab architects, tsuas yog lub official lub sij hawm ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tsis tau tsim los ntawm historians, tab sis ntau lub sij hawm thaum ntxov, yos rov qab mus rau 14-15 centuries.
Peter lub tsev yog dab tsi? Peter tab tom tsim ib lub fortress, uas tam sim no hu ua Oreshek, thiab nws tsis tau tsim, tab sis rov qab los. Nws tsuas hloov lub npe tiag tiag Oreshek hauv lub nroog ntawm nws tus kheej lub npe, thiab hloov lub npe mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub fortress me me.
Peter tsis tau tsim lub Peter thiab Paul Fortress ib yam nkaus. Nws yog thiab nws cov polygonal layout, qhia txog nws kev tsim kho los ntawm Russians ntawm 14-15th centuries. Tej zaum muaj kev tsim kho ntawm qee cov qauv hauv lub fortress, tab sis feem ntau lawv tsuas yog kev tsim kho ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm.
Kuv tham txog cov "antique" monuments ntawm Leningrad, hais txog lub Alexander Kem, uas yog vim li cas txhua leej txhua tus hu lub Pillar ntawm Alexandria, nyob rau hauv Palace Square thiab ntau ntxiv, uas tshwm sim ntau tshaj li lub official hnub ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm St.
Thiab tseem Ixaj tsis tau muab kuv so. Zoo heev nws haum rau hauv "antique" architecture ntawm Lavxias teb sab architects.
Thiab tom qab ntawd kuv txiav txim siab los saib cov ntawv sib txawv uas yuav muaj rau kuv, hais, hauv Is Taws Nem. Thawj qhov pom ntawm cov khoom raug ntes tau poob rau hauv kev xav tsis thoob - Isaac muaj nyob rau ntawm daim duab kos, ntev ua ntej nws tshwm sim hauv 1858. Ntxiv mus, kuv tsis tau teem kuv tus kheej lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nce mus rau lub sijhawm ua ntej xyoo 19th, txawm hais tias kuv paub tseeb tias yuav tsis muaj pov thawj tsawg dua ntawm kev dag ntxias thiab kev dag ntxias ntawm kev tsim lub tuam tsev. Nws zoo nkaus li kuv paub tias leej twg cov neeg Lavxias tiag tiag ua lub tuam tsev no thiab yuav lub npe, uas yog Bronze Horseman monument tau tsim tsa tiag tiag, thiab nws lub tsev teev ntuj Romanov nyiag los ntawm Lavxias teb sab epic, dhau los ua lub tuam tsev rau Isaac ntawm Dalat, tsis paub nyob rau hauv Russia.
Tab sis cia kuv pib kuv zaj dab neeg nrog lub official version ntawm kev tsim kho lub tsev teev ntuj?
Niaj hnub no historians hais tias Isaakiev yog peb. Thawj tau muab tso rau hauv Peter the Great, qhov thib ob los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Elizabeth, lossis Catherine the Great, tab sis qhov thib peb … Qhov thib peb yog nthuav tawm zoo li no:
1818 - qhov project tau pom zoo;
1828 - pib ntawm lub installation ntawm thawj kab;
1837 - kev teeb tsa ntawm kab sab saud;
1838 - gilding ntawm domes pib, uas kav mus txog rau 1841;
1858 - kev fij ntawm lub Cathedral.
Tsis tas li ntawd, Bronze Horseman tau sawv ua ntej lub tsev teev ntuj no tau tsim tsa, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm cov ntawv sau rau ntawm Thunder Stone, lub pedestal ntawm lub monument. Ntawm no yog lub Lavxias teb sab version:
"Tau PETER lub Pervy EKATERINA thib ob lt 1782"
Kuv thov kom cov neeg nyeem ua tib zoo mloog cov lus ntawm lo lus "thawj". Kuv tig mus rau tus kws paub lus Askiv zoo rau cov lus qhia thiab tau txais cov lus teb uas ua rau kuv poob siab - cov ntawv sau tsis yog rau cov neeg nyob hauv Leningrad. Tus neeg uas sau daim ntawv no qhia meej tsis yog German Catherine thiab tsis yog ib haiv neeg ntawm St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Qhov no yog ib tug feature ntawm Central Lavxias teb sab lus, es no Volga, los yog tej zaum Moscow.
Ntawm no yog ib qho excerpt los ntawm ib tsab ntawv los ntawm ib tug phooj ywg ntawm kuv uas kawm Lavxias teb sab:
“Hauv St. Petersburg ntawm XIX caug xyoo. muaj ib tug colloquial pronunciation, uas tau pom zoo kom zam: vyunosh, ntse-eyed, vokhra; tib lub sijhawm, vobla tau hais thiab sau, yim (qhov kawg ob yog tam sim no lees paub raws li kev sau ntawv). Cov lus hais thaum ub nrog lub mos "er" hauv cov lus FIRST, verkh, plaub thiab lwm tus tau maj mam hloov los ntawm kev hais lus nyuaj p, uas yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm St. Petersburg vernacular (hnub no nws yog kev sau ntawv). Ntawd yog, cov ntawv sau rau ntawm lub monument tau ua rau qee yam ntawm Peter thaum ub, tab sis tsis yog rau Catherine's. Nws tsuas tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov peculiarity ntawm kev hais lus, ib yam li Falcone tsis paub nws. Tsis muaj lus tso dag, nyob rau hauv lub antique monument los sau cov lus ib txwm, uas tau zam nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm Catherine, thiab qhov tseeb ntev tsis nco qab lawm. Koj puas tuaj yeem nthuav qhia Putin tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm RNBO hauv Old Russian lossis hauv Church Slavonic? Tau kawg tsis! Putin tsis paub ib leeg lossis lwm tus.
Tab sis ntawm cov neeg, tus neeg caij tsheb yog raws nraim FIRST, thiab nws sau nws rau ntawm lub monument.
Kuv pom ib daim duab uas tsis muaj ntawv sau nyob rau hauv 1820: M. N. Vorobiev. St. Isaac lub Cathedral thiab lub monument rau Peter. 1844 Daim duab no muaj ntau yam me me, tab sis tsis muaj ntawv sau rau ntawm Thunder Stone of the Bronze Horseman. Kuv tsis ntseeg tias tus kws kos duab, thiab txawm tias Vorobyov, yuav tsis raug.
Thov txim, cov txiv neej, muaj dab tsi nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm daim duab? Kuv niam, tab sis qhov no yog St. Isaac's Cathedral! Nrog gilded domes, nrog txhua kab - lub tsev teev ntuj zoo kawg nkaus, uas yog piav qhia zoo li no 12 xyoo ua ntej nws fij tseg.
Tau kawg, ib tus tuaj yeem xav txog tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub façade tiav, tab sis qhov twg yog lub laj kab nyob ib puag ncig ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho? Thiab qhov no yog nrog peb cov kev lig kev cai los rub tawm txhua yam uas dag phem?! Thaum kawg scaffolding nyob qhov twg? Lub cathedral yog kom meej meej tswj thiab ua haujlwm zoo.
Thaum ntawd kuv nce mus ntxiv. Thiab dua, qhov amazing yog nyob ze, tab sis nws yog txwv tsis pub. Yog li, zoo li, V. Vysotsky hu nkauj. Kev pheej hmoo kom tau mus rau Kanarchikova dacha, Kuv tsiv rov qab ntau pua xyoo, kawm ntau yam lithographs thiab engravings. Qhov tob tsis yog li ntawd tob - tsuas yog ib feem peb ntawm ib puas xyoo.
Saib ntawm St. Isaac's Square los ntawm Senate. Tsis paub tus sau. Painted lithograph. 1820s ua Isaac nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws lub yeeb koob, tab sis lub monument rau Peter tsis nyob rau hauv nws ib txwm qhov chaw. Thov txim, tab sis qhov project tau pom zoo tsuas yog hauv 1818 thiab yuav tsum tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis qhov chaw tsim kho! Koj puas tau pom peb qhov chaw tsim kho? Ua kom Chaos! Thiab, txawm li cas los xij, ob xyoos tom qab kev pom zoo ntawm qhov project, lub tsev teev ntuj sawv ci ntsa iab hauv kev zoo nkauj. Nrog ib tug gilded dome.
Niaj hnub no peb ntseeg hais tias 60 tus neeg tuag los ntawm kev lom nrog mercury vapor, thiab thaum lub sij hawm gilding ib tug txawv technology siv dua nplooj (pem hauv ntej) kub. Qhov zoo siab, cov kws tshaj lij yuav lees paub qhov no yog tias lawv saib ntawm lub dome ze. Ib yam dab tsi qhia kuv tias tsis muaj kab mercury.
Rov qab mus rau txoj kev tuag ntawm Isaac cov neeg ua haujlwm kub, ib qho yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov tseeb tias cov nplooj ntawv tooj liab ntawm lub dome tau npog nrog gilding ntawm lub tuam txhab tooj liab-cam khwb cia nyob rau ntawm Gutuevsky kob ntawm St. Petersburg thiab muaj los ntawm Scotsman Charles Byrd. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov tsheb thauj khoom, tais diav, cov duab kos thiab lwm yam khoom siv kuj tau gilded nyob rau ntawd. Tab sis lub ntsiab kev txiav txim yog, ntawm chav kawm, lub dome ntawm Isaac. Nws tshwm sim li no. Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov ntawv tooj liab tau raug ntxuav kom huv si los ntawm cov rog, hauv av thiab polished, thiab tom qab ntawd npog nrog amalgam - ib qho kev daws ntawm kub hauv mercury. Tom qab ntawd, cov nplooj ntawv tau rhuab rau ntawm cov hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb braziers, tas li rub lub amalgam kom txog thaum cov mercury evaporated. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, kub diffused rau hauv tooj liab thiab nyias kub zaj duab xis tseem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv. Niaj hnub no, koj yuav tau hais tias hom gilding no yog txwv tsis pub, tab sis ntawm no yog ib qho nthuav - Moscow Kremlin kuj muaj ib tug amalgam ntawm 1898, tab sis tsis muaj xov xwm ntawm cov neeg tuag.
Kuv nug txog Gutuevsky Island thiab Charles Byrd, nug kuv cov phooj ywg tshawb xyuas seb puas muaj cov kab mob mercury ntawm cov kob no. Cov kws tshaj lij tau mus rau qhov chaw ntawd thiab tshawb xyuas txhua daim duab qhia chaw uas yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv txhua lub nroog hauv kev pabcuam ntawm Ministry of Emergency Situation of Russia. Lub ntsiab lus yog tias cov chaw uas cov chaw ua haujlwm zoo li no tau ua haujlwm tas mus li, txaus ntshai nyob.
Cov kob, tam sim no hu ua Gutuevsky, tau hloov ntau lub npe. Cov Finns hu nws Vitsasaari, uas yog, Prutov, los yog Kustarnikov ("witsa" nyob rau hauv Finnish txhais tau tias ib tug twig, ib tug vine; "saari" - ib kob). Nyob rau hauv txoj kev npaj ntawm St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv 1716, lub kob no hu ua Uninhabited; nyob rau hauv txoj kev npaj ntawm St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv 1717, luam tawm nyob rau hauv Fabkis, cov kob yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm St. Catherine. Tom qab ntawd peb tuaj hla lwm lub npe: Krugly, Primorsky, thiab tom qab ntawd Novosiltsev - tom qab lub npe ntawm nws tus qub tswv, tus nplua nuj lieutenant Novosiltsev.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, cov kob tau yuav los ntawm Novosiltsev los ntawm Olonets tub lag luam-nkoj tsim Konon Guttuev, uas tom qab ntawd yog ib tug ratman (tus kws pab tswv yim) ntawm lub koom haum ntawm pej xeem txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub nroog magistrate. Cov kob tau txais nws lub npe niaj hnub los ntawm lub npe ntawm tus tswv qub. Yog li keeb kwm ntawm cov kob no yog kev ua dej hiav txwv nkaus xwb, yeej ib txwm muaj chaw nres nkoj thiab tsis yog ib lub Hoobkas, thiab ntau dua li qhov hais txog Charles Byrd. Thawj thawj zaug lub npe no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, ib txhij nrog cov npe ntawm "Peter's builders" ntawm St. Thaj, qhov no yog lus dab neeg, vim hais tias, raws li ib tug muaj kev ruaj ntseg amalgam ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab masters, nws twb tsis nco qab lawm, thiab cov kev ntsuam xyuas nrog mercury los ntawm cov British thiab Europeans tau ua tsis tiav. Russia ib txwm ci nrog domes, tab sis Europe tsis tau. Yeej tsis muaj qhov kev pab them nqi li no.
Cov duab qhia tau pom - tsis muaj cov kab mob mercury tau pom ntawm cov kob hauv xyoo txhiab xyoo tom ntej.
Yog li, Isaac nyob rau hauv cov paintings ci nrog kub thiab architecture ntau ua ntej nws pib tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis raug mob los kuaj xyuas.
Lithograph los ntawm album ntawm Montferrand, nplooj ntawv kawg. Parade ntawm Palace Square nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm qhov qhib ntawm Alexandria Kem thaum Lub Yim Hli 30, 1834. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias Montferrand liam tias ua tiav lub Cathedral nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv 1858, nws depicts nws ua tiav daim ntawv nyob rau hauv 1834.
Engraver A. Apert tom qab kos duab los ntawm I. Charlemagne. General saib ntawm St. Petersburg. 1840. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau qhia tias npaj txhij.
Saib ntawm Isaac tus choj thiab lub tsev teev ntuj tshiab. Lithograph thiab kos duab los ntawm G. Tretter. 1820s ua Lub Bronze Horseman tawm ntawm qhov chaw, mus rau sab laug thiab ze rau lub barracks ntawm naval crew, thiab lub tsev teev ntuj yog sawv thiab txawm gilded, txawm hais tias raws li lub official version nws twb gilded nyob rau hauv 1838-1841. Thiab Tregger pom nws kub tau ntev, 20 xyoo ua ntej pib ua haujlwm.
Saib ntawm St. Isaac's Square los ntawm Senate. Tsis paub tus sau. Painted lithograph. 1820s ua Tsis muaj monument nyob rau hauv nws ib txwm qhov chaw. Lub square yog khoob thiab lub tsev Senate thaiv sab xis. Yuav ua li cas yog Horseman nyob ntawd. Tshawb xyuas nws! Lub version yog lawm, ntawm no yog qhov kev pom zoo:
Saib ntawm St. Isaac lub Koom Txoos thiab tus choj. Lithographers L.-P. Bishebois, V. V. Adam. 1840 ib. Tus neeg caij tsheb sawv ntawm sab xis ntawm Isaac Choj.
Yog li qhov no yog qhov uas tag nrho cov lus dab neeg hais txog kev thauj mus los ntawm Thunder-stone thiab tooj liab Peter galloping thaum hmo ntuj los ntawm !!! Lub monument tsuas yog rub los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov chaw! Thiab qhov laj thawj yog qhov yooj yim - yog tias daim duab tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ntawm lub pob zeb, ces lub pob zeb tsis tuaj yeem tawg. Txawm tias lawv sim. Muaj peb lub qauv sib txawv pom pom ntawm lub pob zeb.
Nov yog qhov kuv xav txog qhov no. Ua ntej, cov Romanovs tshem tawm FIRST daim duab los ntawm lub pedestal thiab txiav txim siab los tshuab lub Thunder Stone. Qhov tshwm sim yog me me tawg ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub pob zeb, pem hauv ntej thiab nraub qaum. Saib, tsis txhob tub nkeeg, daim duab tam sim no muaj nyob rau hauv net. Raws li kuv cov phooj ywg miners, qhov no yog raws nraim li cas lawv undermine lub pob zeb, tab sis koj tuaj yeem pom Thunder-pob zeb, tiag tiag mus rau hauv qhov tob thiab ntau dua li peb xav. Nws yeej ib txwm nyob ntawd thiab tsis muaj leej twg rub nws mus rau qhov twg, txog thaum Romanovs tau nqis mus ua lag luam, lossis cov uas ua txuj ua lawv. Tom qab kev sim ua tsis tiav, ntawm lub pob zeb, kev ua haujlwm tau ua los kho nws cov tsos. Cov chaw puas tsuaj tau nruj nrog geopolymer pob zeb thiab sanded nrog granite chips, thiab cov xim tsis tuaj yeem pom. Yog li tam sim no lawv ua granite monuments nyob rau hauv toj ntxas, thov crumb mus rau ib tug pob zeb puag. Zoo li granite, zoo li marble, zoo li basalt. Thiab ces sib tsoo. Granite tsis yog txheej, txiv neej. Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas nws yog hu ua lub pob zeb nyob mus ib txhis, uas yog homogeneous thiab mined nyob rau hauv lub Urals, txawv ntawm qhov mined nyob rau hauv Tibet. Cov xwm txheej sib txawv ntawm kev yug me nyuam, qhov no yog qhov kuv hais rau koj ua ib tus kws kho mob ntawm pob zeb.
Nws yog lub sijhawm tig mus rau koj cov phooj ywg geological. Cov lus teb tsis ntev los no - tus kws tshawb fawb Viktor Kreidenkov piav qhia:
Erratic boulders - (los ntawm Latin errandus wandering) pob zeb loj thauj los ntawm glacier hla kev deb, yog li ntawd, yuav txawv ntawm cov pob zeb hauv zos:
Qhov ntawd yog qhov kuv cov phooj ywg, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, thiab nws yog qhov tseeb tias Thunder-stone tau sawv ntawm qhov ntawd ntev ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub nroog Txiv Ntoo, uas tom qab ntawd tau hloov npe hu ua Peter. Qhov no yog ib lub pob zeb, uas tau ua tiav los ntawm cov sculptors thaum ub, rau lub pedestal, qee yam ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg dawb huv. Kuv twb tau hais nws hauv lwm yam haujlwm thiab kuv yuav tsis zais nws hauv qhov no. Qhov no yog ib tug monument rau George lub Victorious, tus tsim tiag tiag ntawm Lavxias teb sab txiv ntoo, Prince George Danilovich, uas tseem hu ua CHINGISKHAN (great khan per.). Thiab ntawm no yog qhov kuv twv. Peter Thawj (raws li nws tau sau nrog ib tsab ntawv me me thiab nrog lub sijhawm mos ntawm lub pob zeb) yog ib lub npe ntawm Georgy Danilovich, feem ntau yuav yog nws txiv. Thaj, nws yug los rau hnub Peter, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, thaum brooms rau da dej yuav tsum tau npaj - nplooj yog lub zog tshaj.
Falcone tsis tau pov dab tsi, qhov no tsis yog nws qhov profile txhua. Nws yeej tsis tau ua tej yam zoo li no ua ntej Bronze Horseman, tsis tau tom qab. Los ntawm txoj kev, Montferand tsis yog ib tug kws kes duab vajtse, tab sis yog ib tug kws sau ntawv. Montferrand's album yog qhov nws tau ua hauv St. Petersburg - nws pleev xim rau hauv lub neej. Falcone, tsuas yog ua ib txhais tes rau George lub yeej, hloov nws txoj hauj lwm thiab tshem hmuv. Nws yog txhais tes uas tsim txom nws thaum hmo ntuj, thiab nws sau txog nws nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov lus, tsis hais ib lo lus hais txog lub monument nws tus kheej. Thiab lub taub hau, George, tau txuas los ntawm Falcone cov tub ntxhais kawm-tus poj niam. Txhua yam nyob ntawd. Ixaj kuj sawv.
Peb sim txav Thunder Stone, huag peb sim. Ib qho ncha ntawm cov haujlwm no yog zaj dab neeg ntawm kev xa ib lub pob zeb los ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Gulf of Finland thiab Peter galloping thaum hmo ntuj. Thaum xub thawj lawv muaj peev xwm txav mus rau sab laug los ntawm ob peb kaum ntawm meters, tab sis lub admiralty pib tawg thiab txawm vau. Twb yog thaum ntawd lawv tsim ib lub tshiab, tshaj tawm tias lub qub twb hlawv lawm. Swindlers, nyob rau hauv ib lo lus. Lawv rub lub pob zeb rov qab mus rau qhov qub, tab sis tsis muaj zog txaus. Sab laug nyob nruab nrab. Tag nrho cov no yog nyob rau hauv lithographs kuv tau qhia thiab nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm paintings.
Qhov tseeb tias Isaac yog ib lub tsev qub, kuv twv txawm tias yog tub rog, 35 xyoo dhau los. Thiab qhov laj thawj yog qhov yooj yim, peb tau hais tias nws raug nqi npaum li cas los thauj cov kab granite rau lub tsev teev ntuj, thiab kuv nug cov lus qhia vim li cas granite tau stratified. Cov kab ntawm lub tsho tiv no poob yog pom ntawm txhua kab. Txhua yam thev naus laus zis zoo ib yam li hauv kev kho ntawm Thunder Stone. Tus ncej Alexandrian ntawm Palace Square, thiab ntau lwm yam megaliths tau ua tib yam. suav nrog Stonehenge. Qhov no yog ib lub pob zeb dag. Kuv nco qab tias lawv tsis teb kuv thaum lub sijhawm ntawd thiab tsuas yog tig qhov kev sib tham rau cov ncauj lus hoarfrost. Ntau tom qab, los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Moscow cov kws tshawb fawb, kuv tau kawm tias Giza pyramids kuj tau tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb geopolymer npog nrog crumbs. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, tag nrho cov pob zeb nyob rau hauv ancient lub tsev, qhov twg nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau thawb ib daim ntawv ntawm lawv, cov no yog cov pob zeb dag thiab ib txoj kev ntawm kev tsim kho, qhov no yog formwork.
Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd kuv tsis tau nkag siab tias nws yog dab tsi thaum ub thiab nws tau xa mus rau leej twg. Kuv yeej ntseeg hais tias Isaac yog ib tug neeg dawb huv Lavxias teb sab uas ib txwm muaj kev hwm. Tab sis nrog kev paub niaj hnub no, kuv yuav hais tias lawv tsis paub nws txog thaum xyoo pua 18th, thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntoo rau nws, lossis thawj Isaac, tsa Peter-Isaac rau nws cov neeg dawb huv, sawv hauv qhov chaw sib txawv kiag li. St. Isaac lub Cathedral twb sawv nrog ib tug gilded dome thaum Peter thiab nws retinue tuaj txog ntawm ntug dej ntawm lub Neva. Thiab nws tau sawv ntev ntev, zoo li Kazan Cathedral thiab ntau lub tsev ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Los ntawm txoj kev, tseem muaj lub caij ntuj no Palace, uas tsuas yog ua kom tiav rau lub complex hla lub caij ntuj no kwj dej. Thiab ntxiv. Peter tsis khawb kwj dej ntawm Vasilievsky Island. Lawv nyob ntawd ua ntej nws. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws tau pw tsaug zog rau lawv, rhuav tshem lub cim xeeb ntawm Northern Palmyra, sab qaum teb Venice ntawm Slavs. Tam sim no cov no yog cov kab ntawm Vasilievsky Island.
Txawm li cas los, rov qab mus rau lub cathedral. Kuv tau nrhiav keeb kwm kev sib piv nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no ntev heev thiab tau pom nws. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm Isaac lies lub Alexander Garden.
Lub vaj yog Ameslikas hu ua Emperor Alexander;; Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm nws keeb kwm nws tau hloov ntau lub npe. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv 1920 nws tau renamed lub Workers 'Garden, ces, nyob rau hauv 1936, nws tau los ua lub npe hu ua Workers' Garden hu ua Maxim Gorky. Thaum kawg, xyoo 1989, nws tau hloov npe hu ua Admiralty Garden, tab sis qhov no yog qhov yuam kev rov qab los ntawm lub npe keeb kwm, yog li xyoo 1997 lub vaj tau los ua Aleksandrovsky dua. Qhov txawv, kem ntawm lub palace square kuj yog Alexander, tab sis tom qab ntawd, raws li kuv tau hais, nws tau los ua tus ncej Alexandrian. Kuv tau sau txog nws hauv lwm yam haujlwm. Lub kem sawv nyob rau ntawd kom txog rau thaum lub accession ntawm Romanovs, thiab Augustus Caesar sawv ntawm nws. Tam sim no nws nyob hauv Odessa. Qhov no yog Duke Richelieu, lossis theej tus huab tais Augustus, uas tau dhau mus rau nws.
Thiab tej zaum tag nrho tib yam, lub vaj tsis yog Alexandrovsky, tab sis Alexandria?
Cia peb ceev ceev rau pem hauv ntej mus rau Byzantium. Thiab dua lub official version:
Lub Rooj Sab Laj ntawm Emperor Constantine tau nyob hauv Chamberlitas Square tam sim no hauv Istanbul. Muaj ib lub colonnade, cov mlom ntawm pagan vajtswv thiab cov ntseeg ntseeg coj los ntawm ntau lub tuam tsev ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman.
Lub hauv paus chaw nyob rau hauv lub rooj sab laj tau nyob los ntawm ib tug majestic kem nrog ib tug marble peev nyob rau saum toj. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub peev tau tsa ib tug golden pej thuam ntawm Constantine lub Great nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus vajtswv Apollo nrog xya rays emanating los ntawm nws lub taub hau (qhov no yog li cas Duke ntsia ua ntej, sawv ntawm ib kem ntawm Palace Square thiab tuav ib tug hmuv)
Ib tug ntsia hlau los ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm Vajtswv Leej Tub tau fused rau hauv tus mlom. Qhov siab ntawm lub monument yog 38 meters, nws tau tsa nyob rau hauv 330 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Emperor Constantine thiab sawv rau 800 xyoo, qhuas tus thawj huab tais ntawm lub Great Empire.
Raws li cov lus dab neeg, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kem, tus huab tais nws tus kheej walled li ib tug cache ntawm dawb huv relics - ib tug axes los ntawm Nau-es lub axe, Mauxes lub rooj zaum, cov seem ntawm Yexus cov mov ci thiab "Palladium" - ib tug ntoo mlom ntawm Pallas Athena.
Cov Latin Crusaders khawb ib qho adit hauv qab kab hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov relics dawb huv. Lub relics tsis pom, tab sis lub hauv paus puas, thiab lawv tsis pom cov duab puab. Thaum ntawd tsuas muaj ib kem xwb.
Kuv tau saib los ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev tsim kho ntawm ib kem nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg thiab pom cov duab kos thiab kos duab uas hais tias muaj qee yam qauv hauv qab nws, nrog lub qhov rais thiab qhov rooj, uas tau qhib los ntawm cov neeg uas sim rov tsim kho kab.
Nov yog qhov kuv yuav qhia rau koj, cov neeg nyeem, ua ntej Latins, cov Slavs tuaj xyuas Byzantium. Lawv coj tus hma los ntawm Nau-es tus hneev taw, Mauxes lub rooj zaum, cov seem ntawm cov ncuav ntawm Yexus thiab "Palladium" - ib tug ntoo mlom ntawm Pallas Athena.
Tom qab ntawd, hauv Nut-Peter, tus ncej Alexandrian tau rov ua dua. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum los yog tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Byzantium, uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th. Nws yog nyob rau hauv tus ncej no uas cov relics tau immured. Lawv pw nyob ntawd los txog niaj hnub no.
Thiab lub complex ntawm Kazan Cathedral, Isaac, lub Alesandrian pillar, lub vaj Alexandrian thiab lwm lub tsev tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib tug kiag li reconstructed lub rooj sab laj, uas tau lub npe tom qab Constantine. Constantine tsuas yog tsim nws, tab sis nws tsis tau mob siab rau Isaac ntawm Dalmatia. Feem ntau, Isaac txhais tau tias luag, JOY. Qhov ntawd yog, nws yog ib lub tuam tsev ntawm kev xyiv fab, Kuv xav tias yog Tswv Yexus Khetos.
Tab sis yog vim li cas lub kem thiab lub vaj ntawm Alexandria? Thiab ntawm no rau cov lus teb, ib tug yuav tsum mus txawm nyob rau hauv ntau ancient sij hawm - mus rau lub thawj Rome, mus rau tim lyiv teb chaws.
Niaj hnub no peb paub xyaum tsis muaj dab tsi txog nws. Nws lub peev yog Alexandria. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub npe Alexander yog tus tiv thaiv ntawm tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, lo lus Alexandria txhais tau hais tias yog dab tsi yog to taub tam sim no: lub palace-park-lub tuam tsev pawg. Ib qho piv txwv yog Alexandria Peterhof, los yog Alexandria Park, yog ib qho chaw nyob hauv lub nroog Bila Tserkva, nrhiav tau thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th (Ukraine). Kuv yuav tsim txoj kev xav no. Feem ntau, peb tab tom tham txog qhov chaw nyob ntawm qee yam ntawm tus kav. Yuav ua li cas peb thiaj tsis nco qab lub Vaj Hanging ntawm Babylon?
Yog li tag nrho cov complex piav qhia los ntawm kuv nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yog tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib tug repetition ntawm lub rooj sab laj ntawm Constantine nyob rau hauv Byzantium. Los ntawm txoj kev, Vatican kuj yog Alexandria. Nrog nws kem PETER, uas yog tam sim no revered li ib tug thwj tim. Thiab peb tab tom tham txog tib yam PETER THE FIRST - George the Victorious. Lub Vatican tau tsim los ntawm Slavs. Batu Khan hu nws tom qab koj - Batya Khan. Koj puas paub leej twg hu ua qhov ntawd hauv Russia? Ivan Khalifa, czar-pov thawj, tus kwv ntawm Georgy Danilovich. Koj paub nws li Ivan Kalita. Tom qab ntawd, thaum papism txiav txim siab cais tawm ntawm Slavic faj tim teb chaws, Peter yuav tshwm sim ntawm tus ncej nrog cov yuam sij. Tab sis tsis muaj relics nyob rau hauv nws, tab sis nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg muaj!
Kuv nkag siab tias nws nyuaj rau nkag siab qhov tau hais, tab sis qhov no yog qhov tseeb, thiab tsis yog lwm yam.
Nutlet tau ua raws li qhov thib ob Byzantium thiab Neva, qhov no yog Bosphorus, Jordan.
Leej niam ntawm Lavxias teb sab nroog, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm Byzantium, tsis yog Kiev ntawm lub Dnieper. Niaj hnub nimno Kiev feem ntau yog lub nroog Khazar ntawm Sambat. Kievan Rus yog Byzantium.
Byzantium (ntau npaum li cas Bizant) yog ib tug cim nyob rau hauv ancient Greek mythology. Tus tub ntawm Poseidon thiab Keroessa (tus ntxhais ntawm Zeus thiab Io), los yog Nisa tus tub ntawm Megar. Cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Io, tus tsim ntawm lub nroog Byzantium. Tus huab tais Byzantine tau txais Argonauts.
Leej twg yog Io? Nov yog ib tug nyuj saum ntuj ceeb tsheej. Jordan muaj npe tom qab nws - nyuj ford. Qhov no yog tus naas ej Slavic poj niam ua hauj lwm los yog … Mary leej niam ntawm Vajtswv! Ntawd yog, Byzantium tsis yog lub npe qub tshaj plaws rau lub nroog ntawm Bosphorus, uas kuj txhais tau tias yog nyuj lub ford.
Byzantium, Kiev, Constantinople, Ilion, Constantinople, Istanbul, Troy, Rome yog tag nrho cov npe ntawm tib lub nroog ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub strait - nyuj ford. Nws kuj yog Txiv Ntxawm thiab. Thiab Peter yog Nut.
Tam sim no mloog, nyeem ntawv, Kuv yuav qhia koj tias O-PEX yog dab tsi. Qhov no yog, PLUGGED FRUIT, qhov kev xaiv thib ob yooj yim PLUGGED txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo plucked los ntawm Eve. Tsis yog txiv apple, tab sis yog txiv ntoo uas Adas noj, uas nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub Vaj Kaj Siab.
Los ntawm txoj kev, byzant-walnut yog heev muaj nyob rau hauv heraldry, thiab yog depicted nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog.
Cia peb rov qab mus rau Peter. Ntawm no yog Peter thiab Paul Fortress ua nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub hnub qub (tsis yog los ntawm Peter thiab Menshikov!) Los ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob deb. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm nws stands lub Cathedral ntawm Peter thiab Paul, nrog nws gilded spire faus rau saum ntuj. Lub fortress nws tus kheej yog nyob rau ntawm Hare Island. Ntawd yog, nws yog lub Hnub Qub raug ntsia saum ntoo khaub lig, yog ib qho uas tau piav qhia saum ntoo khaub lig ntawm pawg ntseeg Orthodox. Ib txhia xav txog nws lub hnub. Tej zaum kuv yuav tsis sib cav. Thiab los ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Peter thiab Paul Fortress, lub spire ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tawg tawm mus rau saum ntuj, cim lub Ray ntawm Sawv Rov Los, raws li Yexus tau nce. Saib cov duab uas nqa cov phiaj xwm no - muaj lub teeb ci. Cia peb kos kab xwm txheej ntawm cov ntsiab lus huab ntawm lub hnub qub, nws cov bastions. Koj yuav tau txais tus ntoo khaub lig, uas muaj qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Peter thiab Paul Cathedral, nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Kazan Cathedral ntawm Nevsky Prospekt. Qhov no yog ib lub tsev teev ntuj coj txawv txawv heev, nrog nws txhais caj npab dav qhib rau ib lub colonnade semicircular.
Peb nco qab cov ntoo khaub lig ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj Lavxias: tus ntoo khaub lig nws tus kheej, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm nws yog ib lub hnub qub nrog lub npe I. Kh.. Peb mus rau hauv paus: ib lub pob, uas yog ib tug txiv ntseej-byzant, thiab hauv qab no ntawm lub hauv paus. yog crescent.
Ntawd yog, peb tuaj yeem hais tau yam xyuam xim hais tias Petropavlovka - Kazan Cathedral yog tus ntoo khaub lig loj nyob hauv av.
Koj nug, lub txiv ntoo ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig nyob qhov twg? Kuv cov lus teb yog tias qhov no yog ib tug ciav nyob rau hauv lub square nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Kazan Cathedral. Nws yeej ib txwm nyob ntawd, txij li thaum tsim lub tuam tsev ntawm Our pojniam ntawm Kazan. Vim li cas ib tug ciav? Nyeem kuv lub voj voog me me "Aqua yog khoom plig los ntawm Vajtswv", tab sis tam sim no nco ntsoov tias dej thiab tus nees tau sau tib yam hauv Latin. Trojan nees tsis yog ib tug nees, tab sis yog ib lub pas dej uas cov Greeks nkag mus hauv Troy lossis Byzantium. Abandoned aqueduct.
Nim no cia peb nco txog tus txiv neej uas tau los ua ib tug Tswv Yexus lub npe. Andronik Komnenos, tus tub ntawm Byzantium sevastocrator thiab Lavxias teb sab ntxhais fuabtais Maria leej niam ntawm Vajtswv. Chav los yog komon txhais tau tias ib tug nees nyob rau hauv Laus Lavxias teb sab, thiab Komnenos yog feem ntau yuav ib tug caij.
Nyob rau hauv Vajluskub, nws raug nthuav tawm raws li tus tub ntawm ib tug kws ntoo. Qhov no kuj nkag siab. Txawm tias tam sim no cov neeg ntseeg qub hu kom cov kws ntoo, tab sis tsis yog cov yooj yim, tab sis cov neeg uas ua cov SKATE ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab, lossis lub ru tsev tag nrho. Raws li koj paub, lub ridge yog hu ua li ntawd vim hais tias lub taub hau ntawm nees, chav tsev, raug txiav tawm ntawm lub taub qab ntawm cov ntoo, uas lies tag nrho ntev ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub rafters. Cov neeg tsim phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum txhob txwm coj tawm ntawm qhov tseeb, nthuav tawm Comnenus ua ib tug kws ntoo, thiab nws yog tus vajntxwv ntawm cov neeg Yudais, uas nws tus kheej tau hais ntau dua ib zaug. Tsuas yog thaum ntawd tag nrho cov neeg uas ntseeg Vajtswv ib leeg tau hu ua cov neeg Yudais, tsis yog cov neeg uas paub niaj hnub no.
Lub ru tsev hauv huts yog dab tsi? Lub ru tsev tiaj tus ntawm Arabs tsis paub dej, tab sis peb lub ru tsev feem ntau txuag los ntawm nag lossis daus. Ntawd yog, chav tsev yog hom amulet los ntawm dej thiab nws cov cim heev. Zoo li, tsis txhob tso zis rau kuv los nag, kuv yog kuv li! Nyob rau hauv Slavic mythology, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus yog qhia los ntawm ib tug nees. Nws txawm yug los nyob hauv dej hiav txwv. Qhov ntawd tsis yog nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, tab sis nyob rau hauv universal. Kuv twb tau sau tias ether yog ib lub xeev tshwj xeeb ntawm dej, uas yog ntau denser tshaj peb lub ntiaj teb. Cov dej noo, chav thiab dej khov tsuas yog ib qho ntawm tsib hom ntawm nws lub xeev. Yog li ntawd, Komnenos yog Leej Tub ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv. Nikola Tesla tau hais tias tag nrho lub ntiaj teb cov khoom siv tau tsim los ntawm ether.
Thov nco ntsoov tias tus nees tsis yog carved nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, muaj ib tug ntoo khaub lig guarding nws. Qhov ntawd yog Vajtswv lub cim.
Thiab tam sim no dua mus rau Byzantium.
Calvary los yog Mount Beykos, dai hla tus dej Jordan-Bosphorus, nyob rau sab nraum Hagia Sophia, lub tuam tsev rau kev txawj ntse ntawm tus Creator. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Suleiman lub Magnificent, sawv cev hauv phau Vajlugkub los ntawm Solomon. Kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Christian los ntawm Seljuk Turk, tsis txhob xav tsis thoob - Islam yog tib cov ntseeg Vajtswv li Orthodoxy. Qhov no yog tam sim no orthodoxy tshaj tawm hauv kev txhais lus, raws li Orthodoxy, qhov tseeb, ortho yog txoj cai, thiab doxia yog txoj kev ntseeg. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov hnub ntawm Christianity peb yog tag nrho cov RIGHT. Tsis tas li ntawd, Suleiman kuj yog Komnenos. Ib tug xeeb ntxwv ntawm Mehmed tus Hu-Giver, uas nws yawm txiv yog Comnenus, ib tug ntawm cov me nyuam ntawm Mary, leej niam ntawm Vajtswv, uas khiav mus rau lub Seljuks, tab sis los ntawm lwm tus poj niam, ua ib lub tuam tsev ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv ntawm Vajtswv., thiab tsis yog ib tug poj niam hu ua Sophia. Sophia txhais ua kev txawj ntse. Thiab lo lus Turk txhais tau hais tias ib tug neeg, Turks yog neeg, uas yog, cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Suleiman tau khiav mus rau Suljuk pawg neeg.
Lub complex nrog rau cov Kem ntawm Constantine, lub Hippodrome, Hagia Sophia nws tus kheej, lub vaj nyob ib ncig ntawm nws yog me ntsis rau sab xis ntawm Mount Beykos.. Raws nraim tib yam li nyob rau hauv St. Hauv qhov no, Ixaj tsis yog lub tuam tsev ntawm kev xyiv fab ntawm Christmas xwb, tab sis Hagia Sophia - lub shamrock ntawm Vajtswv Leej Txiv, Leej Tub thiab tus Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv. Qhov ntawd yog, Trinity hauv qab ntawm Vajtswv Txoj Kev Txawj Ntse.
Ua ntej peb yog lub tuam tsev ntawm Trinity los yog Sophia. Koj hu tau li no thiab os. Lub ntsiab yog tib yam. Qhov no yog ib lub tuam tsev uas tau coj tag nrho cov hypostases ntawm Vajtswv, thiab yog li ntawd muaj kev xyiv fab. Ntawm no yog Christmas thiab Sawv Rov Los. Nws yog lub tuam tsev rau txhua yam uas tshwm sim hauv qab ntuj ceeb tsheej. Tab sis lub crucifix raug coj mus rau sab, mus rau Krestovsky Island. Txhua yam zoo li hauv Byzantium-Istanbul.
Yog li, nws yog lub sijhawm los kos cov lus xaus. Nutlet tau tsim ua lub pantheon ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Byzantine Empire thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, txawm hais tias nws tau muab tso ua ntej. Qhov no yog lub nroog ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai, tsis yog Great Russia, tab sis Kiev-Byzantine. Roman emperors kav thawj zaug nyob rau hauv Byzantium, thiab ces lawv ceg, lub Comnenus, kav nyob rau hauv loj Russia. Cov Komnenos yog cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm Tswv Yexus, raws li Niam Mary - nws cov txheeb ze. Rome yog lub npe ntawm Vajtswv. Ib yam li Rod, tsuas yog hloov mus rau Roma. Lub npe no tau hnov nyob rau hauv lub echoes ntawm lub npe ntawm lub nroog ntawm Tibbra, uas yeej tsis Rome. Thiab nws txhais tau hais tias tag nrho tib tus Vajtswv, tus poj koob yawm txwv ntawm txhua tus neeg, uas tsim noob neej.
Niaj hnub St. Petersburg yog Yorosalim nyob rau sab qaum teb. Yorosalim yog ib lub npe ntawm Byzantium. Hauv lub npe no, lub hauv paus ROS tau pom meej meej. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm pawg neeg nomadic ntawm Arabs, uas tam sim no hu ua cov neeg Yudais.
Lub npe no muaj E - Lavxias teb sab lus ntawm Io (nyeem lub ntuj ceeb tsheej nyuj, lub cim ntawm Mary nyob rau hauv lub zog), Ros - Rus, thiab Alim. Lo lus kawg yog Arabic, txhais tau tias paub, kws tshawb fawb, txawj ntse. Qhov no yog lub nroog Mab Liab tus tub, yog ib tug yawg Lavxias los ntawm tsev neeg Komnenos, Ether Leej Tub, uas txawj ntse. Los ntawm txoj kev, ib qho kev xav ntawm Tswv Yexus yog Pythagoras. Kuv vam tias tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg txog nws txoj kev txawj ntse?
Cov Romanovs, los yog cov neeg uas hu lawv tus kheej hais tias, tsis yog tsis muaj laj thawj qhia lawv tus kheej mus faus rau hauv lub Cathedral ntawm Peter thiab Paul. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lub cathedral muaj ib yam dab tsi uas, zoo li nyob rau hauv lub Alexandrian kem, yuav tsum tau ua nrog Vajtswv ua. Tsuas yog ntawm no yog ib qho khoom plig coj los ntawm Constantinople thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev ntsia saum ntoo khaub lig thiab Kev Sawv Rov Los.
Kuv xav tias qhov no yog tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm Yexus los yog ib feem ntawm nws. Tej zaum tus Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv. Ntawm no koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav thiab nkag siab tias yog vim li cas lub tsev teev ntuj yog nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Peter thiab Paul.
Niaj hnub no, muaj pov thawj tseeb hais tias Mary leej niam ntawm Vajtswv yug Yexus nyob rau hauv ib tug monastery ntawm Cape Fiolent nyob rau hauv lub Crimea. Thiab nws tuag nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm Chufut-Kale thiab Bakhchisarai. Muaj ib lub tsev teev ntuj nrog lub npe piav qhia tus kheej - Qhov Kev Ntseeg ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv. nyob tsis deb yog lub hav Yauxej. Tau ntev, lub tuam tsev no tau raug kaw rau pej xeem - Romanovs tsis pub leej twg nyob ntawd. Thiab tam sim no, npaj txhij txog, nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, thaum lub sij hawm lavish ceremonies nyob rau hauv lub Cathedral ntawm peb poj niam ntawm Kazan, Kutuzov yog faus. Qhov txawv, yog vim li cas tsis Suvorov? Muaj ntau cov kev pabcuam rau Romanovs. Tsis muaj teeb meem li cas Rymnitsky Vasilyevich tau los ua rau qhov swb ntawm Horde huab tais kawg ntawm Russia, uas peb tam sim no hu ua Pugachev. Thiab nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Rymnik roob - niaj hnub hu ua lub Urals. Ib txhij nrog kev faus neeg ntawm Kutuzov, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Fiolent pib lub neej ib txwm - nws tau qhib. Muaj tseeb, Romanovs yuav nco ntsoov qhia thiab mus saib nws, feem ntau tom qab scenes.
Tab sis yuav ua li cas yog hais tias peb xav hais tias Mary leej niam ntawm Vajtswv tau zais cia nyob rau hauv lub Kazan Cathedral, nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm Kutuzov? Tom qab tag nrho, lub ntiaj teb no Lavxias teb sab tsis meej meej txog daim duab ntawm no freemason tus thawj coj uas qhuas Moscow. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb txuas ntxiv mus txog niaj hnub no.
Tom qab tag nrho, peb paub Kutuzov tsuas yog los ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm Soviet ideologists. Thiab lawv yog dab tsi, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab rau peb tus kheej - tsuas yog saib Ukrainian Kravchuk thiab Turchinov, lossis Lavxias Gorbachev.
Lub splendor ntawm Kutuzov lub ntees tuag amazed nws contemporaries. Honors yog ncaj qha muaj koob muaj npe.
Kuv yuav tshawb nrhiav qhov faus no nyob rau yav tom ntej, tab sis qhov kuv paub zoo li lub faus ntawm ib tug neeg txawv kiag li. Yog li ntawd, kuv xaus qhov me me, raws li ib txwm muaj kev coj ncaj ncees. Thov zam txim rau kuv, nyeem ntawv. Kuv yog ib tug kws sau ntawv, uas txhais tau hais tias kuv yuav tsum coj cov tswv yim zoo rau lub ntiaj teb ntawm tib neeg. Nov yog kuv lo lus parting rau koj:
THAUM koj yog neeg RUSSIA, txhua yam piav qhia ntawm no yog koj li. Tsuas yog koj tsis txhob ua lawv, lub txiv ntoo yuav dhau los ua PETER tawg lub qhov rais mus rau Tebchaws Europe.
Xaiv koj tus kheej txoj kev.
Xov xwm zoo
Kev txhawj xeeb ntawm ntiaj teb los ntawm Vajtswv yog ib zaj lus qhia
Tab sis lub sijhawm yuav los thiab txoj hmoo yuav tshwm sim, Tag nrho lub ntiaj teb yuav dheev hnov lub suab quaj ntawm ib tug me nyuam, Thiab daim pawm yuav hnov tsw "tshiab" cua.
Kev yug los ntawm lub ntiaj teb, Muaj Hwj Chim, dua, Nws yuav hu nkauj lullaby, txaus siab rau tus menyuam.
Kev hlub yuav tshwm sim ntawm lub hwj chim uas tsis tau pom dua!
Koj cov ntshav yuav tawm hauv koj tus menyuam.
Nws tus plig, nyob rau hauv nws yuav nrhiav tau ib lub tsev
Thiab lub neej yuav ntws raws li nws txoj cai, Hmoov zoo thiab yaj saub yeej!
Lub kua muag ntawm kuv yawm txiv cov plaub muag yuav dai, Yawg yuav nyem lub siab zoo, Thiab tib neeg haiv neeg yuav rov ciaj sia dua.
Ob txoj kev hlub tshua ntawm Vajtswv yuav sib koom ua ke hauv tus menyuam:
Tus ntsuj plig thiab lub tswb nrov nrov.
Yog li ntawd, txhua tus neeg yuav zoo li Vajtswv, Tau sim Nws lub xyoo pua ntsuas.
Los ntawm xov xwm zoo mus rau teev kawg
Los ntawm trampled tuag, tus Cawm Seej loj, Los ntawm thawj lub suab ntawm ib tug neeg siab dawb siab zoo, Peb muaj kev kub ntxhov nrog kev hlub ntawm cov neeg rau Vajtswv.
Puas yog tus vauv puv, lossis yog tus ntxhais nqa -
Ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Loj, cov txuj ci tseem ceeb no.
Nyeem qhov txuas ntxiv nyob rau hauv qhov me me "Nyob rau hauv lub canopy ntawm lub dav dawb hau thiab tus neeg zov ntawm lub teb marshal."